塔里木河中下游地区荒漠河岸林群落种间关系分析

doi:10.17521/cjpe.2005.0029

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

采用 2× 2列联表, 应用Fisher精确检验法研究了新疆塔里木河中下游荒漠河岸林群落种间关系, 测定了16种植物、共 12 0个种对的种间联结性。研究结果表明 :1) 12 0个种对中有 17个种对分别在不同的样方尺度中表现出显著或极显著的种间联结, 约占总数的 14.2 % ;其中 13个种对为正关联, 4个种对为负关联 ;2 ) 不同取样面积对种间联结性分析的有效性有影响, 不同种对表现出种间联结的最小样方尺度不同 ;3) 随着样方面积的增大, 各种对自有不同的种间联结变化规律, 可归纳为 4种类型 ;4 ) 17个具种间联结的种对以灌木草本和草本草本的种对居多, 占总数的 76.5 % ;主要乔木树种胡杨 (Populuseuphratica) 与灌木之间、灌木和灌木之间趋向独立分布。

关键词: 塔里木荒漠河岸林群落, 种间联结, 列联表Fisher精确检验

Abstract:

Based on data obtained from field investigations, this paper aims to analyze the inter-specific relationships of desert riparian forest plant communities, assess the influence of different quadrat sizes on inter-specific associations, discuss what is an appropriate quadrat size for best results, and present the relationships among populations in desert riparian forests in the middle and lower reaches of the Tarim River using Fisher's exact test. The results showed that 16 species noted in 21 sampling sites formed the principal community of the desert riparian forest. The vertical structure of the forest consisted of a tree layer, shrub layer and herb layer. It was found that 4 sampling sites had 3 layers, 10 had 2 layers and 7 had 1 layer. There were 120 species pairs formed by 16 species in 210 quadrats among which 17 species pairs showed significant and very significant inter-specific associations, accounting for 14.2% of total species pairs. Thirteen species pairs were positively correlated and four species pairs were negatively correlated. The size of the quadrat influenced the inter-specific associations among species pairs, but the most suitable quadrat size varied among species and sampling sites. A quadrat from 8 m×8 m to 30 m×30 m may be the most suitable size for analysis of inter-specific associations of desert riparian forest communities in Tarim River basin. Different species pairs had different minimum quadrat sizes. There was spatial variance in the interaction between different populations of the desert riparian forest. Different patterns and relationships of inter-specific associations were found as the size of the quadrat increased. Generally, four types of changes in species associations were observed with changing quadrat size. For the first type, the correlative significance of species pairs changed from high to low and then to high as the quadrat size changed from the minimum size of 2 m×2 m to the maximum size of 32 m×64 m. These species pairs accounted for 17.6% of the total species pairs. In the second type of variation, the correlative significance of species pairs changed from low to high and then to low with an increase in quadrat size. These species pairs accounted for 41.2% of the total. For the third type, the significant and very significant inter-specific associations occurred in quadrats that ranged in size from 8 m×16 m to 32 m×64 m. The correlative significance of species pairs changed from low to high, and if the quadrat size continued to increase, new relationships would emerge. These species pairs accounted for 29.4% of the total. For the forth type, the significant and very significant inter-specific associations changed from low to high and then from low to high again as the quadrat size continued to increase. These species pairs accounted for 11.8% of the total. Species associations among shrub-herb and herb-herb pairs were more numerous in 17 inter-specific associations, accounting for 76.5% of the total. Species associations between Populus euphratica and arbor and shrub-shrub were distributed independently of each other. Even if inter-specific associations among species-pairs appeared, they were usually negative correlations. Most species-pairs, which were between arbor and herb-shrub and herb-herb, typically had positive correlations.

Key words: Tarim River, Desert riparian forest community, Inter-specific relationship, Fisher'apos, s exact test for contingency table

尹林克, 李涛. 塔里木河中下游地区荒漠河岸林群落种间关系分析. 植物生态学报, 2005, 29(2): 226-234. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2005.0029

YIN Lin-Ke, Li Tao. INTERSPECIFIC RELATIONSHIP ANALYSIS OF DESERT RIPARIAN FOREST PLANT COMMUNITIES IN THE MIDDLE AND LOWER REACHES OF THE TARIM RIVER. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2005, 29(2): 226-234. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2005.0029

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链接本文: https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/10.17521/cjpe.2005.0029

https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/Y2005/V29/I2/226

图/表 7

图1 塔里木河中下游3条样带及21个样地的布设

Fig.1 The distribution of 3 sectors and 21 sampling sites in the middle and lower reaches of Tarim River

表1 新疆塔里木河中下游21个样地内出现的植物种

Table 1 List of plant species in 21 sampling sites in the middle and lower reaches of Tarim River, Xinjiang

编号 Code	种名 Species
1	胡杨Populus euphratica
2	多枝柽柳Tamarix ramosissima
3	刚毛柽柳Tamarix hispida
4	塔里木沙拐枣Calligonum roborovskii
5	黑果枸杞Lycium ruthenicum
6	铃铛刺Halimodendron halodendron
7	盐穗木Halostashys caspica
8	盐爪爪Kalidium foliatum
9	花花柴Karelinia caspica
10	疏叶骆驼刺 Alhagi sparsifolia
11	大叶白麻Poacynum hendersonii
12	芦苇Phragmites australis
13	河西菊Hexinia polydichotoma
14	喀什牛皮消Cynanchum kashgaricum
15	胀果甘草Glycyrrhiza inflata
16	蓼子朴Inula salsoloides

表2 不同样方尺度下植物种对的Fisher精确检验显著性p值

Table 2 p value of plant species pairs produced by Fisher's exact test at different quadrats sizes

物种对 Species pairs	显著关联与极显著关联种对的p值 p value of species_pairs being significant or very significant
	样方尺度 Quadrats size (m²)
	2×2	2×4	4×4	4×8	8×8	8×16	16×16	16×32	32×32	32×64
5_13	0.043				0.040
5_14	0.043				0.040
13_14	0.043	0.043	0.043		0.004	0.004	0.012	0.012	0.012
11_13				0.024	0.024	0.024
9_12					-0.037	-0.037
11_14					0.024	0.024	0.024
5_12					0.037		0.029	0.029	0.029	0.019
1_2						-0.046	-0.007	-0.007
1_12						0.037
5_11						0.040	0.014	0.018	0.002	0.007
2_7							-0.046			-0.018
11_15							0.009	0	0	0
14_15							0.024	0.040	0.040
1_7								-0.046
5_15									0.007	0.007
6_9									0.040	0.017
13_15										0.045

图2 物种的CCA二维排序图 (李涛等, 2003) 1.胡杨Populus euphratica 2.多枝柽柳Tamarix ramosissima3.刚毛柽柳Tamarix hispida 4.塔里木沙拐枣Calligonum roborovskii 5.黑果枸杞Lycium ruthenicum 6.铃铛刺Halimodendron halodendron 7.盐穗木Halostashys caspica 8.盐爪爪Kalidium foliatum 9.花花柴Karelinia caspica 10.疏叶骆驼刺Alhagi sparsifolia 11.大叶白麻Poacynum hendersonii 12.芦苇Phragmites australis 13.河西菊Hexinia polydichotoma 14.喀什牛皮消Cynanchum kashgaricum 15.胀果甘草Glycyrrhiza inflata16.蓼子朴Inula salsoloides HW:地下水位Groundwater depth WSOLT:地下水酸碱度Groundwater pH S1SOLT:剖面各层总盐平均值The average contents of salt in soil profile horizons S1PH:剖面各层酸碱度平均值The average of pH in soil profile horizons S1N:剖面各层有机质平均值The average contents of organic matter in soil profile horizons S2SOLT:剖面各层总盐最大值The contents of salt maximum in soil profile horizons S2PH:剖面各层酸碱度最大值The pH maximum in soil profile horizons

Fig.2 A two_dimensional scatter plot of CCA ordination for plant species (Li et al. 2003)

图3 不同样方尺度下出现的具有种间联结的种对

Fig.3 The number of species pairs at different quadrats size 1 :2 m×2 m 2:2 m×4 m 3:4 m×4 m 4:4 m×8 m 5:8 m×8 m 6:8 m×16 m 7:16 m×16 m 8:16 m×32 m 9:32m×32 m 10:32 m×64 m

表3 不同样方尺度下植物种对的关联显著性

Table 3 Correlative significance of plant species pairs in different quadrats sizes

类型 Type	物种对 Species pairs	样方尺度 Quadrats size (m²)
类型 Type	物种对 Species pairs	2×2	2×4	4×4	4×8	8×8	8×16	16×16	16×32	32×32	32×64
类型Ⅰ TypeⅠ	5_13	*				*
	5_14	*				*
	13_14	*	*	*		**	**	*	*	*
类型Ⅱ TypeⅡ	1_2						-*	-**	-**
	1_7								-*
	1_12						*
	9_12					-*	-*
	11_13				*	*	*
	11_14					*	*	*
	14_15							*	*	*
类型Ⅲ TypeⅢ	5_11						*	*	*	**	**
	5_15									**	**
	6_9									*	*
	11_15							**	**	**	**
	13_15										*
类型Ⅳ TypeⅣ	2_7							-*			-*
	5_12					*		*	*	*	*
正关联种对数 Number of species pairs being positively correlative		3	1	1	1	6	5	6	5	7	6
负关联种对数 Number of species pairs being negatively correlative		0	0	0	0	1	2	2	2	0	1
总计Total		3	1	1	1	7	7	8	7	7	7

表4 4种类型的种对统计

Table 4 The species_pairs statistics of 4 types

	乔木与灌木 Wood and shrub	乔木与草本 Wood and herb	灌木与灌木 Shrub layer	灌木与草本 Shrub and herb	草本与草本 Herb layer	合计 Total
类型Ⅰ TypeⅠ	0	0	0	2	1	3
类型Ⅱ TypeⅡ	2	1	0	0	4	7
类型Ⅲ TypeⅢ	0	0	0	3	2	5
类型Ⅳ TypeⅣ	0	0	1	1	0	2
合计 Total	2	1	1	6	7	17
%	11.7	5.9	5.9	35.3	41.2	100

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