滇中云南杨梅灌丛主要木本植物生态位与种间联结

doi:10.17521/cjpe.2021.0305

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

采用生态位测度、方差比率、χ²检验、Pearson相关检验和Spearman秩相关检验的方法, 探究滇中地区云南杨梅(Myrica nana)灌丛主要木本植物的生态位和种间联结特征及其相互关系。结果表明: (1)群落中云南杨梅生态位宽度最大, 钝叶橘红悬钩子(Rubus aurantiacus var. obtusifolius)的生态位宽度最小, Levins和Shannon生态位宽度测定结果与重要值变化趋势无显著相关关系。(2)生态位重叠指数普遍偏小, 主要物种之间对环境资源的需求相似性不大, 种间竞争较弱。(3)生态位宽度较大的物种与其他物种产生生态位重叠的概率较大, 生态位宽度较小的物种间也存在生态位重叠程度较高的情况。(4)主要物种种间的总体联结性呈显著正关联, 表明群落各物种之间可以协调共存, 群落结构趋于稳定。(5) χ²检验、Pearson相关检验和Spearman秩相关检验显示多数种对间呈不显著相关关系, 群落种对间联结较弱, 各物种间呈独立分布格局。(6)主要物种间的Pearson相关系数、Spearman秩相关系数均与生态位重叠指数存在极显著正相关关系。

关键词: 生态位, 种间联结, 云南杨梅, 灌丛, 滇中地区

Abstract:

Aims Niche studies play an important role in understanding the interspecific associations of communities. The study of interspecific relationship is important for understanding community structure, function and classification. Our objective was to quantitatively analyze the niche and interspecific association of main woody plants in Myrica nana shrubland in central Yunnan.
Methods Methods including niche measurement, variance ratio, chi-square test, Pearson correlation test, and Spearman rank correlation test, were used.
Important findings Results showed that: (1) Levins and Shannon’s niche width measurement results showed that M. nana had the widest niche width in the community, while Rubus aurantiacus var. obtusifolius had the narrowest one. There was no consistent relationship between niche width and important value, and some species had larger niche width and smaller important value, indicating that these species had greater development potential. (2) The value of the niche overlap index was generally small, which showed that the demand similarity for environmental resources among the main species was small, and the competition between main species was not strong. (3) Species with larger niche width had a higher probability of niche overlap with other species, but this was not absolute, some species with small niche width value also had a higher degree of niche overlap. (4) The overall connectivity of the main species showed a significant positive correlation, indicating that the community species could coexist harmoniously and the community structure tended to be stable. (5) Chi-square test, Pearson correlation test and Spearman rank correlation test revealed no significant relationship between most of the species pairs, indicating that the connection between species pairs in the community was weak, and each species showed an independent distribution pattern. (6) Pearson correlation coefficient and Spearman rank correlation coefficient among main species both had a very significant positive correlation with the niche overlap index, indicating that when the species pairs showed extremely significant positive associations, the niche overlap value was large, and when the species pairs showed extremely significant negative associations, the niche overlap value was small.

Key words: niche, interspecific association, Myrica nana, shrubland, central Yunnan

张零念, 朱贵青, 杨宽, 刘星月, 巩合德, 郑丽. 滇中云南杨梅灌丛主要木本植物生态位与种间联结. 植物生态学报, 2022, 46(11): 1400-1410. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2021.0305

ZHANG Ling-Nian, ZHU Gui-Qing, YANG Kuan, LIU Xing-Yue, GONG He-De, ZHENG Li. Niche and interspecific association of main woody plants in Myrica nana shrubland in central Yunnan, China. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2022, 46(11): 1400-1410. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2021.0305

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https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/Y2022/V46/I11/1400

图/表 9

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编号 No.	物种 Species	重要值 Important value (%)	生态位宽度 Niche width
编号 No.	物种 Species	重要值 Important value (%)	Levins 指数 B_L	Shannon 指数 B_S
1	云南杨梅 Myrica nana	15.13	27.36	3.38
2	西南金丝梅 Hypericum henryi	13.01	12.40	2.68
3	樟叶越桔 Vaccinium dunalianum	9.58	10.67	2.69
4	乌鸦果 Vaccinium fragile	9.31	7.13	2.22
5	铁仔 Myrsine africana	6.09	8.58	2.27
6	碎米花 Rhododendron spiciferum	5.16	5.28	1.81
7	茅莓 Rubus parvifolius	3.91	4.84	1.75
8	云南松 Pinus yunnanensis	2.69	6.74	2.05
9	滇青冈 Cyclobalanopsis glaucoides	2.43	5.00	1.75
10	野丁香 Leptodermis potaninii	1.81	4.84	1.67
11	粉叶小檗 Berberis pruinosa	1.77	3.08	1.21
12	芳香白珠 Gaultheria fragrantissima	1.65	2.28	0.92
13	钝叶橘红悬钩子 Rubus aurantiacus var. obtusifolius	1.56	1.85	0.65
14	川梨 Pyrus pashia	1.45	4.57	1.56
15	元江锥 Castanopsis orthacantha	1.37	3.10	1.24
16	火棘 Pyracantha fortuneana	1.32	2.94	1.19
17	亮毛杜鹃 Rhododendron microphyton	1.29	2.58	1.00
18	高山锥 Castanopsis delavayi	1.28	2.61	1.15
19	南烛 Vaccinium bracteatum	1.28	3.86	1.37
20	怒江红山茶 Camellia saluenensis	1.24	2.19	0.93

编号 No.	物种 Species	重要值 Important value (%)	生态位宽度 Niche width
编号 No.	物种 Species	重要值 Important value (%)	Levins 指数 B_L	Shannon 指数 B_S
1	云南杨梅 Myrica nana	15.13	27.36	3.38
2	西南金丝梅 Hypericum henryi	13.01	12.40	2.68
3	樟叶越桔 Vaccinium dunalianum	9.58	10.67	2.69
4	乌鸦果 Vaccinium fragile	9.31	7.13	2.22
5	铁仔 Myrsine africana	6.09	8.58	2.27
6	碎米花 Rhododendron spiciferum	5.16	5.28	1.81
7	茅莓 Rubus parvifolius	3.91	4.84	1.75
8	云南松 Pinus yunnanensis	2.69	6.74	2.05
9	滇青冈 Cyclobalanopsis glaucoides	2.43	5.00	1.75
10	野丁香 Leptodermis potaninii	1.81	4.84	1.67
11	粉叶小檗 Berberis pruinosa	1.77	3.08	1.21
12	芳香白珠 Gaultheria fragrantissima	1.65	2.28	0.92
13	钝叶橘红悬钩子 Rubus aurantiacus var. obtusifolius	1.56	1.85	0.65
14	川梨 Pyrus pashia	1.45	4.57	1.56
15	元江锥 Castanopsis orthacantha	1.37	3.10	1.24
16	火棘 Pyracantha fortuneana	1.32	2.94	1.19
17	亮毛杜鹃 Rhododendron microphyton	1.29	2.58	1.00
18	高山锥 Castanopsis delavayi	1.28	2.61	1.15
19	南烛 Vaccinium bracteatum	1.28	3.86	1.37
20	怒江红山茶 Camellia saluenensis	1.24	2.19	0.93

No.	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11	12	13	14	15	16	17	18	19	20
1	0.483	0.445	0.282	0.319	0.201	0.242	0.210	0.244	0.216	0.102	0.068	0.057	0.131	0.091	0.125	0.062	0.148	0.159	0.074
2		0.295	0.295	0.377	0.145	0.359	0.068	0.317	0.297	0.305	0.063	0.219	0.250	0.026	0.167	0.000	0.111	0.000	0.255
3			0.262	0.296	0.478	0.278	0.359	0.162	0.387	0.009	0.153	0.000	0.054	0.207	0.063	0.126	0.234	0.000	0.000
4				0.117	0.022	0.142	0.182	0.060	0.398	0.075	0.091	0.075	0.090	0.091	0.022	0.164	0.037	0.000	0.075
5					0.457	0.294	0.268	0.271	0.195	0.273	0.000	0.195	0.190	0.000	0.243	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.273
6						0.287	0.202	0.070	0.260	0.000	0.324	0.000	0.000	0.324	0.100	0.000	0.280	0.000	0.000
7							0.083	0.167	0.307	0.050	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.371	0.000	0.042	0.000	0.000
8								0.175	0.063	0.000	0.063	0.000	0.063	0.063	0.100	0.438	0.063	0.000	0.000
9									0.100	0.050	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.050	0.000	0.100	0.000	0.000
10										0.000	0.091	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.091	0.000	0.111	0.000	0.000
11											0.000	0.750	0.375	0.000	0.200	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.704
12												0.000	0.000	0.455	0.000	0.000	0.333	0.000	0.000
13													0.375	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.514
14														0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.375
15															0.000	0.000	0.747	0.000	0.000
16																0.000	0.000	0.000	0.231
17																	0.000	0.000	0.000
18																		0.000	0.000
19																			0.000

No.	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11	12	13	14	15	16	17	18	19	20
1	0.483	0.445	0.282	0.319	0.201	0.242	0.210	0.244	0.216	0.102	0.068	0.057	0.131	0.091	0.125	0.062	0.148	0.159	0.074
2		0.295	0.295	0.377	0.145	0.359	0.068	0.317	0.297	0.305	0.063	0.219	0.250	0.026	0.167	0.000	0.111	0.000	0.255
3			0.262	0.296	0.478	0.278	0.359	0.162	0.387	0.009	0.153	0.000	0.054	0.207	0.063	0.126	0.234	0.000	0.000
4				0.117	0.022	0.142	0.182	0.060	0.398	0.075	0.091	0.075	0.090	0.091	0.022	0.164	0.037	0.000	0.075
5					0.457	0.294	0.268	0.271	0.195	0.273	0.000	0.195	0.190	0.000	0.243	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.273
6						0.287	0.202	0.070	0.260	0.000	0.324	0.000	0.000	0.324	0.100	0.000	0.280	0.000	0.000
7							0.083	0.167	0.307	0.050	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.371	0.000	0.042	0.000	0.000
8								0.175	0.063	0.000	0.063	0.000	0.063	0.063	0.100	0.438	0.063	0.000	0.000
9									0.100	0.050	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.050	0.000	0.100	0.000	0.000
10										0.000	0.091	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.091	0.000	0.111	0.000	0.000
11											0.000	0.750	0.375	0.000	0.200	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.704
12												0.000	0.000	0.455	0.000	0.000	0.333	0.000	0.000
13													0.375	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.514
14														0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.375
15															0.000	0.000	0.747	0.000	0.000
16																0.000	0.000	0.000	0.231
17																	0.000	0.000	0.000
18																		0.000	0.000
19																			0.000

No.	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11	12	13	14	15	16	17	18	19	20
1	0.629	0.460	0.325	0.476	0.325	0.381	0.304	0.409	0.422	0.245	0.147	0.225	0.302	0.290	0.265	0.130	0.347	0.402	0.159
2		0.286	0.370	0.435	0.167	0.446	0.042	0.310	0.422	0.589	0.030	0.560	0.358	0.015	0.346	0.000	0.072	0.000	0.420
3			0.185	0.432	0.663	0.375	0.468	0.148	0.577	0.003	0.303	0.000	0.055	0.368	0.066	0.257	0.312	0.000	0.000
4				0.083	0.004	0.187	0.191	0.038	0.466	0.133	0.066	0.143	0.096	0.102	0.021	0.265	0.018	0.000	0.100
5					0.643	0.279	0.296	0.379	0.251	0.464	0.000	0.425	0.203	0.000	0.281	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.338
6						0.231	0.241	0.043	0.298	0.000	0.507	0.000	0.000	0.301	0.061	0.000	0.203	0.000	0.000
7							0.037	0.102	0.348	0.020	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.472	0.000	0.016	0.000	0.000
8								0.236	0.097	0.000	0.089	0.000	0.087	0.078	0.083	0.633	0.029	0.000	0.000
9									0.089	0.029	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.019	0.000	0.040	0.000	0.000
10										0.000	0.082	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.034	0.000	0.072	0.000	0.000
11											0.000	0.913	0.516	0.000	0.241	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.840
12												0.000	0.000	0.528	0.000	0.000	0.395	0.000	0.000
13													0.495	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.646
14														0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.548
15															0.000	0.000	0.920	0.000	0.000
16																0.000	0.000	0.000	0.235
17																	0.000	0.000	0.000
18																		0.000	0.000
19																			0.000