新疆伊犁地区野杏树衰退的水碳生理机制

doi:10.17521/cjpe.2023.0110

植物生态学报 ›› 2024, Vol. 48 ›› Issue (9): 1192-1201.DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2023.0110 cstr: 32100.14.cjpe.2023.0110

新疆伊犁地区野杏树衰退的水碳生理机制

欧阳艺蕾¹^,², 龚雪伟¹^,³, 段春旸¹^,²^,⁴, 张驰¹^,²^,⁴, 马尘扬⁴, 韩鹏⁴, 张元明⁴, 郝广友¹^,³^,^*()

¹中国科学院沈阳应用生态研究所森林生态与保育重点实验室, 沈阳 110016
²中国科学院大学, 北京 100049
³中国科学院沈阳应用生态研究所大青沟沙地生态实验站, 沈阳 110016
⁴中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所, 乌鲁木齐 830011

收稿日期:2023-04-21 接受日期:2023-12-21 出版日期:2024-09-20 发布日期:2024-04-29
通讯作者: *郝广友(haogy@iae.ac.cn)
基金资助:
中国科学院“西部之光”交叉团队项目(xbzg-zdsys-201910);新疆维吾尔自治区“天池英才”计划项目和国家自然科学基金(31722013)

Water- and carbon-related physiological mechanisms underlying the decline of wild apricot trees in Ili, Xinjiang, China

OUYANG Yi-Lei¹^,², GONG Xue-Wei¹^,³, DUAN Chun-Yang¹^,²^,⁴, ZHANG Chi¹^,²^,⁴, MA Chen-Yang⁴, HAN Peng⁴, ZHANG Yuan-Ming⁴, HAO Guang-You¹^,³^,^*()

¹CAS Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and silviculture, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
²University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
³Daqinggou Ecological Research Station, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
⁴Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ürümqi 830011, China

Received:2023-04-21 Accepted:2023-12-21 Online:2024-09-20 Published:2024-04-29
Contact: *HAO Guang-You (haogy@iae.ac.cn)
Supported by:
“Western Light” Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(xbzg-zdsys-201910);“Tianchi Talent” Program of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, and the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31722013)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

新疆野杏(Prunus armeniaca var. ansu)是世界杏的起源种之一, 具有重要的经济和生态价值, 近年来新疆野杏林出现了严重的衰退死亡现象, 开展相关衰退机制研究对其资源保育和恢复具有重要意义。该研究以新疆伊犁地区相对健康(枯枝率≤30%)和严重衰退(枯枝率≥70%)的野杏树为研究对象, 分析了碳失衡和木质部水力功能损伤在介导该树种衰退死亡过程中所起的作用。研究结果表明, 严重衰退野杏树枝条水平的叶面积显著减少, 但比叶质量、相对叶绿素含量和气孔导度在严重衰退和相对健康野杏树之间无显著差异。严重衰退野杏树的正午叶片水势、枝条水分传输效率和栓塞抵抗力均显著低于相对健康的野杏树, 发生了明显的木质部水分传输障碍。严重衰退野杏树的非结构性碳水化合物(NSC)总含量低于相对健康的野杏树, 但枝条木质部中可溶性糖与淀粉含量比例显著升高。水分传输效率的下降伴随着固碳能力和NSC库存的降低, 碳失衡进一步导致树木对病虫害的防御能力降低, 形成恶性循环最终导致树木衰退死亡。

关键词: 野杏, 树木死亡, 水力障碍, 碳失衡

Abstract:

Aims Wild apricot (Prunus armeniaca var. ansu) in Xinjiang of China, one of the origin species of apricot cultivars around the world, has important economical and ecological values, whereas natural apricot forests in Xinjiang have experienced serious decline and mortality in recent years. It is of great significance to carry out research on the underlying mechanisms for the conservation and recovery of wild apricots in Xinjiang.

Methods In the present study, the xylem hydraulic properties and tissue non-structural carbohydrate (NSC) contents of relatively healthy (dead branches ≤30%) and seriously declined (dead branches ≥70%) wild apricot trees in Ili, Xinjiang were compared to analyze the potential role of hydraulic dysfunction and carbon imbalance in mediating the decline and mortality of this species.

Important findings The results showed that the seriously declined apricot trees had significantly lower leaf area at the branch level, but there were no significant differences in leaf mass per area, relative chlorophyll content and stomatal conductance between the severely declined and relatively healthy trees. The midday leaf water potential, branch hydraulic efficiency and embolism resistance of seriously declined apricot trees were significantly lower than those of relatively healthy ones, indicating an evident xylem hydraulic impairment. The total NSC content of seriously declined trees was lower than that of relatively healthy trees, but the soluble sugar-to-starch content ratio in the stem xylem of seriously declined trees was significantly higher. Impaired hydraulic functioning was accompanied by decreased carbon assimilation capacity and reduced NSC reserve. On top of hydraulic dysfunction, carbon imbalance further contributed to the weakening of tree defense against scale insects, eventually leading to the decline and mortality of apricot trees due to the interplay between plant water relations and carbon economy.

Key words: Prunus armeniaca var. ansu, tree mortality, hydraulic dysfunction, carbon imbalance

欧阳艺蕾, 龚雪伟, 段春旸, 张驰, 马尘扬, 韩鹏, 张元明, 郝广友. 新疆伊犁地区野杏树衰退的水碳生理机制. 植物生态学报, 2024, 48(9): 1192-1201. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2023.0110

OUYANG Yi-Lei, GONG Xue-Wei, DUAN Chun-Yang, ZHANG Chi, MA Chen-Yang, HAN Peng, ZHANG Yuan-Ming, HAO Guang-You. Water- and carbon-related physiological mechanisms underlying the decline of wild apricot trees in Ili, Xinjiang, China. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2024, 48(9): 1192-1201. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2023.0110

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链接本文: https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/10.17521/cjpe.2023.0110

https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/Y2024/V48/I9/1192

图/表 7

图1 新疆西天山国家级自然保护区内相对健康(A)和严重衰退(B)的野杏种群。

Fig. 1 Relatively healthy (A) and severely declined (B) Prunus armeniaca var. ansu populations in the West Tianshan National Nature Reserve, Xinjiang.

图2 新疆西天山国家级自然保护区相对健康和严重衰退野杏树的边材比导率(Ks) (A)、最大边材比导率(Ks-max) (B)、叶片比导率(Kl) (C)和木质部导水率丧失百分比(PLC) (D)的差异(平均值±标准误)。不同小写字母代表两组树木间存在显著差异(p < 0.05, t检验)。

Fig. 2 Differences in sapwood-specific hydraulic conductivity (Ks) (A), maximum sapwood-specific hydraulic conductivity (Ks-max) (B), leaf-specific hydraulic conductivity (Kl) (C) and percentage loss of hydraulic conductivity (PLC) (D) between relatively healthy and severely declined Prunus armeniaca var. ansu trees in the West Tianshan National Nature Reserve, Xinjiang (mean ± SE). Different lowercase letters represent significant differences between the two types of trees (p < 0.05, t-test).

图3 新疆西天山国家级自然保护区相对健康和严重衰退野杏树导水率丧失百分比(PLC)随木质部压力的变化(平均值±标准误)。P50和P88分别表示导水率丧失50%和88%时所对应的木质部压力。

Fig. 3 Percentage loss of hydraulic conductivity (PLC) in response to stem xylem pressure for relatively healthy and severely declined Prunus armeniaca var. ansu trees in the West Tianshan National Nature Reserve, Xinjiang (mean ± SE). P50 and P88 represent xylem pressures leading to 50% and 88% loss of hydraulic conductivity, respectively.

表1 新疆西天山国家级自然保护区不同健康状况(相对健康和严重衰退)野杏树的生理生态特性差异(平均值±标准误)

Table 1 Differences in ecophysiological characteristics of Prunus armeniaca var. ansu trees with different states of health in the West Tianshan National Nature Reserve, Xinjiang (mean ± SE)

生理生态参数 Ecophysiological characteristics	相对健康 Relatively healthy	严重衰退 Severely declined
相对叶绿素含量 (SPAD值) Relative chlorophyll content (SPAD value)	41.7 ± 0.95^a	35.55 ± 3.28^a
气孔导度 Stomatal conductance (mmol·m^-2·s^-1)	239.45 ± 15.82^a	210.73 ± 33.06^a
比叶质量 Leaf mass per area (g·m^-2)	65.78 ± 3.61^a	64.06 ± 3.17^a
木材密度 Wood density (g·cm^-3)	0.67 ± 0.02^a	0.58 ± 0.01^b
胡伯尔值 Huber value (×10^-6)	85.86 ± 7.96^b	125.71 ± 12.95^a
凌晨水势 Predawn water potential (MPa)	-0.26 ± 0.04^a	-0.28 ± 0.02^a
正午水势 Midday water potential (MPa)	-1.69 ± 0.22^a	-2.35 ± 0.16^b

图4 新疆西天山国家级自然保护区相对健康和严重衰退野杏树的枝条导管直径频度分布。

Fig. 4 Frequency distribution of stem vessel diameter for relatively healthy and severely declined Prunus armeniaca var. ansu trees in the West Tianshan National Nature Reserve, Xinjiang.

图5 新疆西天山国家级自然保护区相对健康和严重衰退野杏树的淀粉、可溶性糖、总非结构性碳水化合物含量和可溶性糖与淀粉比例差异(平均值±标准误)。不同小写字母代表两组树木间存在显著差异(p < 0.05, t检验)。

Fig. 5 Differences in the contents of starch, soluble sugar, total non-structural carbohydrate (TNSC) and the soluble sugar-to-starch content ratio in relatively healthy and severely declined Prunus armeniaca var. ansu trees in the West Tianshan National Nature Reserve, Xinjiang (mean ± SE). Different lowercase letters represent significant differences between the two types of trees (p < 0.05, t-test).

图6 新疆西天山国家级自然保护区野杏树枝条木质部中可溶性糖与淀粉含量的回归关系

Fig. 6 Regression between the soluble sugar and starch contents in xylem of branches of Prunus armeniaca var. ansu trees in the West Tianshan National Nature Reserve, Xinjiang.

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新疆伊犁地区野杏树衰退的水碳生理机制

Water- and carbon-related physiological mechanisms underlying the decline of wild apricot trees in Ili, Xinjiang, China

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