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降水变化背景下草地利用方式对温性草甸草原土壤无机磷组分的影响

袁淑雅, 贺晶, 郭嘉庆, 苏德荣   

  1. 北京林业大学, 100083
  • 收稿日期:2025-03-07 修回日期:2025-09-26
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金(32201335)

Effects of grassland utilization methods on soil inorganic phosphorus components under changing precipitation interval

YUAN Shu-ya, HE Jing, GUO Jia-qing   

  1. , Beijing Forestry University 100083,
  • Received:2025-03-07 Revised:2025-09-26
  • Supported by:
    National Natural Science Foundation of China(32201335)

摘要: 磷素是维持植物生长和陆地生态系统完整性的重要营养元素之一,是全球干旱生态系统中仅次于氮素的限制性营养元素。磷素的储存和供应能力对植物的健康生长、微生物的生存和土壤生态系统的稳定极为重要。鉴于陆地生态系统中磷的稀缺性,而无机磷的形态能够决定土壤磷的有效性,研究降水格局变化下不同草地利用方式对土壤无机磷组分的影响对促进草地生态系统的可持续发展具有重要意义。因此,本研究通过野外原位试验与室内分析相结合的方法比较了不同降水时间间隔下,放牧、刈割和围封三种草地利用方式对温性草甸草原土壤无机磷组分的影响。结果表明,降水时间间隔和草地利用方式能够直接改变土壤无机磷的含量(r = 0.38, p < 0.01),也可以通过改变土壤有机碳(SOC)(r = 0.21)进而间接地对土壤无机磷组分产生影响,一方面SOC对土壤总磷(TP)存在极显著的正向作用(r = 0.51, p < 0.01),土壤TP对土壤无机磷各组分具有正向调控作用(r = 0.61, p < 0.001),尤其磷酸铝盐(Al-P)和磷酸铁盐(Fe-P)受到土壤TP的正向影响(p < 0.05);另一方面SOC对土壤微生物生物量碳氮磷存在极显著的正向作用(r = 0.69, p < 0.001),土壤微生物生物量碳氮磷对土壤无机磷各组分也能起到正向调控作用(r = 0.04)。在微观层面,细菌门类中放线菌门(Actinomycetota)、变形菌门(Pseudomonadota)、酸杆菌门(Acidobacteriota)、浮霉菌门(Planctomycetota)等优势门类(总占比超70%)主要通过与SOC和微生物生物量氮(MBN)间存在显著相关关系(p < 0.05),来影响土壤无机磷组分构成,其中,浮霉菌门还通过与MBC产生极显著的正相关关系(p < 0.01)来正向影响土壤Fe-P的含量(p < 0.05);真菌门类中子囊菌门(Ascomycota)的相对丰度最高,在所有处理中均占据主导地位,直接对磷酸钙盐(Ca-P)产生极显著正效应(p < 0.01),壶菌门(Chytridiomycota)和担子菌门(Basidiomycota)分别通过对土壤AP产生显著的正负效应来进一步影响土壤无机磷组分,其中闭蓄态磷(O-P)与AP含量存在显著的正相关关系。

关键词: 温性草甸草原, 草地利用方式, 降水时间间隔, 无机磷组分

Abstract: Aim Phosphorus(P) is one of the important nutrient elements to maintain plant growth and the integrity of terrestrial ecosystem, and is the limiting nutrient element second only to nitrogen in global arid ecosystems. The storage and supply capacity of phosphorus is extremely important for the healthy growth of plants, the survival of microorganisms and the stability of the soil ecosystem. Given the scarcity of phosphorus in terrestrial ecosystems and the fact that the form of inorganic phosphorus can determine the availability of soil phosphorus, studying the effects of different grassland utilization patterns on soil inorganic phosphorus components under changes in precipitation intervals is of great significance for promoting the sustainable development of grassland ecosystems. Methods This study employed a combination of field in-situ experiments and laboratory analyses to compare the effects of three grassland utilization methods (grazing, cutting, and enclosure) on soil Pi fractions in temperate meadow steppe under different precipitation intervals. Important findings The results showed that precipitation intervals and grassland utilization methods directly altered soil Pi content (r = 0.38, p < 0.01) and indirectly influenced Pi fractions through modifying soil organic carbon (SOC) (r = 0.21). SOC exhibited significant positive correlations with total phosphorus (TP) (r = 0.51, p < 0.01), which in turn positively regulated Pi fractions (r = 0.61, p < 0.001), particularly Al-P and Fe-P (p < 0.05). Additionally, SOC strongly influenced microbial biomass C, N, and P (r = 0.69, p < 0.001), which moderately regulated Pi fractions (r = 0.04). Dominant bacterial phyla (Actinomycetota, Pseudomonadota, Acidobacteriota, and Planctomycetota, collectively >70%) significantly correlated with SOC and microbial biomass nitrogen (MBN) (p < 0.05) in regulating Pi fractions. Planctomycetota further showed significant positive correlations with microbial biomass carbon (p < 0.01) and Fe-P content (p < 0.05). Ascomycota dominated fungal communities across treatments, exhibiting direct positive effects on Ca-P (p < 0.01). Chytridiomycota and Basidiomycota influenced Pi fractions through contrasting effects on available phosphorus (AP), with O-P showing significant positive correlation with AP content.

Key words: Temperate meadow steppe, Grassland utilization methods, Precipitation intervals, Soil inorganic phosphorus fractions