准噶尔盆地荒漠植物的叶片水分吸收策略

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1258.2011.00893

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

在干旱地区, 经常出现只能湿润植物地上部分和表层土壤的小量级降雨和凝结水输入, 此量级的水分输入无法通过入渗进入根区土壤而被植物根系吸收利用。最近研究发现, 叶片吸收水分是利用小量级降水和凝结水的主要方式。该研究通过鉴定和观测准噶尔盆地东南部5个自然植物群落中夏季地上部分仍存活的所有51种荒漠植物叶片的单位面积吸水量(LWUC)、叶片含水量增加率(Rw)以及其他7种植物功能性状, 探讨了这些植物功能性状与植物叶片吸收水分能力的关系。研究结果表明: (1)与Rw相比, LWUC是更加适合评价植物叶片吸收水分能力的指标; (2)植物生活型是相对合理的评价荒漠植物叶片吸收水分能力的植物性状; (3)荒漠植物地上(叶片)和地下(根系)部分吸收水分策略存在着权衡; (4)荒漠植物叶片耗水和吸水存在着权衡。总之, 叶片吸收水分策略对于荒漠植物, 特别是一年生草本植物最大限度地利用有限的水资源渡过持续的干旱并完成生活史具有重要的意义。

关键词: 荒漠生态系统, 凝结水输入, 叶片水分吸收策略, 植物功能型, 小量级降水

Abstract:

Aims Our objective is to understand leaf water uptake strategy of desert plants and the relationship between leaf water uptake capability and plant ecological functional types in the southeastern Junggar Basin, China.
Methods We collected or classified (by the inverse of the normal cumulative distribution function) information from 51 species from five plant communities: growth form, life form, leaf texture trait, leaf surface trait, leaf water uptake content, percentage increase in leaf water content, leaf water deficit, specific leaf area and leaf dry matter content. The correlation coefficient and degree of association were calculated between each pair of traits based on information theory. One-way analysis of variance and Fisher’s multiple comparison, if applicable, were carried out on means of different soft ecological functional types at the community scale, for comparing leaf water uptake content and the percentage increase in leaf water content.
Important findings Leaf water uptake content is more appropriate than percentage increase in leaf water for assessing plant leaf water uptake capability. Plant life form is the most rational soft trait to replace hard plant ecological functional ones in studying plant leaf water uptake strategy. There are tradeoffs between aboveground and belowground water uptake strategies and between leaf water consumption and uptake in the desert ecosystem.

Key words: desert ecosystem, dew water input, leaf water uptake strategy, plant functional type, small precipitation

郑新军, 李嵩, 李彦. 准噶尔盆地荒漠植物的叶片水分吸收策略. 植物生态学报, 2011, 35(9): 893-905. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1258.2011.00893

ZHENG Xin-Jun, LI Song, LI Yan. Leaf water uptake strategy of desert plants in the Junggar Basin, China. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2011, 35(9): 893-905. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1258.2011.00893

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链接本文: https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/10.3724/SP.J.1258.2011.00893

https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/Y2011/V35/I9/893

图/表 10

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群落 Community	位置 Location	群落组成 Community composition
胡杨河岸林群落 Riparian forest community of Populus diversifolia	三工河尾闾 Lower reach of Sangong River, 44°22′07″ N, 87°53′04″ E	苦豆子 Sophora alopecuroides、铃铛刺 Halimodendron halodendron、胀果甘草 Glycyrrhiza inflata、骆驼刺 Alhagi sparsifolia、苦马豆 Sphaerophysa salsula、胡杨 Populus euphratica、多枝柽柳 Tamarix ramosissima、刚毛柽柳 T. hispida、耳叶补血草 Limonium otolepis、芦苇 Phragmites australis和花花柴 Karelinia caspia (共11种 Total 11 species)
梭梭-白梭梭荒漠灌木群落 Desert shrub community of Haloxylon ammodendron-H. persicum	古尔班通古特沙漠东南缘Southeastern edge of Gurbantonggut Desert, 44°22′63″ N, 87°55′02″ E	细子麻黄 Ephedra regeliana、淡枝沙拐枣 Calligonum leucocladum、角果藜 Ceratocarpus arenarius、梭梭 Haloxylon ammodendron、白梭梭 H. persicum、刺沙蓬 Salsola ruthenica、粗枝猪毛菜 S. subcrassa、沙蓬 Agriophyllum squarrosum、羽毛三芒草 Aristida pennata、新疆绢蒿 Seriphidium kaschgaricum、准噶尔沙蒿 Artemisia songarica和砂蓝刺头 Echinops gmelini (共12种 Total 12 species)
柽柳属荒漠灌木群落Desert shrub community of Tamarix spp.	三工河洪积扇缘 Proluvial fan edge of Sangong River, 44°22′07″ N, 87°53′04″ E	多枝柽柳 Tamarix ramosissima、盐地柽柳 T. karelinii、刚毛柽柳 T. hispida、红砂 Reaumuria songarica、樟味藜 Camphorosma monspeliaca、囊果碱蓬 Suaeda physophora、兜藜 Panderia turkestanica、粗枝猪毛菜 Salsola subcrassa、叉毛蓬 Petrosimonia sibirica、小果白刺 Nitraria sibirica和戟叶鹅绒藤 Cynanchum sibiricum (共11种 Total 11 species)
盐穗木-盐爪爪荒漠灌木群落 Desert shrub communities of Kalidium spp.-Halostachys caspica	柳城子水库北侧 Northern side of Liuchenzi Reservoir, 44°22′07″ N, 87°53′04″ E	骆驼刺 Alhagi sparsifolia、小果白刺 Nitraria sibirica、黑果枸杞 Lycium ruthenicum、兜藜 Panderia turkestanica、盐穗木 Halostachys caspica、里海盐爪爪 Kalidium caspicum、盐爪爪 K. foliatum、白茎盐生草 Halogeton arachnoideus、梭梭 Haloxylon ammodendron、小蓬 Nanophyton erinaceum、肥叶碱蓬 Suaeda kossinskyi、刺毛碱蓬 S. acuminata、囊果碱蓬 S. physophora、小叶碱蓬 S. microphylla、异苞滨藜 Atriplex micrantha、鞑靼滨藜 A. tatarica、戟叶滨藜 A. hastata、中亚滨藜 A. centralasiatica、粗枝猪毛菜 Salsola subcrassa、叉毛蓬 Petrosimonia sibirica、刚毛柽柳 T. hispida、红砂 Reaumuria songarica、网果酸模 Rumex chalepensis、大叶补血草 Limonium gmelinii、小獐毛 Aeluropus pungens、芦苇 Phragmites australis和花花柴 Karelinia caspia (共28种 Total 28 species)
梭梭-红砂荒漠灌木群落 Desert shrub community of Haloxylon ammodendron-Reau- muria songarica	阜北农场东侧荒地(东戈壁) Wildland at eastern side of Fubei farm (Eastern Gobi, 460 mm, 44°19′48″ N, 88°00′59″ E	小果白刺 Nitraria sibirica、骆驼蓬 Peganum harmala、翼果驼蹄瓣 Zygophyllum pterocarpum、黑果枸杞 Lycium ruthenicum、兜藜 Panderia turkestanica、里海盐爪爪 Kalidium caspicum、盐爪爪 K. foliatum、毛足假木贼 Anabasis eriopoda、盐地假木贼 A. salsa、梭梭 Haloxylon ammodendron、小叶碱蓬 Suaeda microphylla、叉毛蓬 Petrosimonia sibirica、粗枝猪毛菜 Salsola subcrassa、刚毛柽柳 T. hispida、红砂 Reaumuria songarica、小獐毛 Aeluropus pungens、芦苇 Phragmites australis和花花柴 Karelinia caspia (共18种 Total 18 species)

群落 Community	位置 Location	群落组成 Community composition
胡杨河岸林群落 Riparian forest community of Populus diversifolia	三工河尾闾 Lower reach of Sangong River, 44°22′07″ N, 87°53′04″ E	苦豆子 Sophora alopecuroides、铃铛刺 Halimodendron halodendron、胀果甘草 Glycyrrhiza inflata、骆驼刺 Alhagi sparsifolia、苦马豆 Sphaerophysa salsula、胡杨 Populus euphratica、多枝柽柳 Tamarix ramosissima、刚毛柽柳 T. hispida、耳叶补血草 Limonium otolepis、芦苇 Phragmites australis和花花柴 Karelinia caspia (共11种 Total 11 species)
梭梭-白梭梭荒漠灌木群落 Desert shrub community of Haloxylon ammodendron-H. persicum	古尔班通古特沙漠东南缘Southeastern edge of Gurbantonggut Desert, 44°22′63″ N, 87°55′02″ E	细子麻黄 Ephedra regeliana、淡枝沙拐枣 Calligonum leucocladum、角果藜 Ceratocarpus arenarius、梭梭 Haloxylon ammodendron、白梭梭 H. persicum、刺沙蓬 Salsola ruthenica、粗枝猪毛菜 S. subcrassa、沙蓬 Agriophyllum squarrosum、羽毛三芒草 Aristida pennata、新疆绢蒿 Seriphidium kaschgaricum、准噶尔沙蒿 Artemisia songarica和砂蓝刺头 Echinops gmelini (共12种 Total 12 species)
柽柳属荒漠灌木群落Desert shrub community of Tamarix spp.	三工河洪积扇缘 Proluvial fan edge of Sangong River, 44°22′07″ N, 87°53′04″ E	多枝柽柳 Tamarix ramosissima、盐地柽柳 T. karelinii、刚毛柽柳 T. hispida、红砂 Reaumuria songarica、樟味藜 Camphorosma monspeliaca、囊果碱蓬 Suaeda physophora、兜藜 Panderia turkestanica、粗枝猪毛菜 Salsola subcrassa、叉毛蓬 Petrosimonia sibirica、小果白刺 Nitraria sibirica和戟叶鹅绒藤 Cynanchum sibiricum (共11种 Total 11 species)
盐穗木-盐爪爪荒漠灌木群落 Desert shrub communities of Kalidium spp.-Halostachys caspica	柳城子水库北侧 Northern side of Liuchenzi Reservoir, 44°22′07″ N, 87°53′04″ E	骆驼刺 Alhagi sparsifolia、小果白刺 Nitraria sibirica、黑果枸杞 Lycium ruthenicum、兜藜 Panderia turkestanica、盐穗木 Halostachys caspica、里海盐爪爪 Kalidium caspicum、盐爪爪 K. foliatum、白茎盐生草 Halogeton arachnoideus、梭梭 Haloxylon ammodendron、小蓬 Nanophyton erinaceum、肥叶碱蓬 Suaeda kossinskyi、刺毛碱蓬 S. acuminata、囊果碱蓬 S. physophora、小叶碱蓬 S. microphylla、异苞滨藜 Atriplex micrantha、鞑靼滨藜 A. tatarica、戟叶滨藜 A. hastata、中亚滨藜 A. centralasiatica、粗枝猪毛菜 Salsola subcrassa、叉毛蓬 Petrosimonia sibirica、刚毛柽柳 T. hispida、红砂 Reaumuria songarica、网果酸模 Rumex chalepensis、大叶补血草 Limonium gmelinii、小獐毛 Aeluropus pungens、芦苇 Phragmites australis和花花柴 Karelinia caspia (共28种 Total 28 species)
梭梭-红砂荒漠灌木群落 Desert shrub community of Haloxylon ammodendron-Reau- muria songarica	阜北农场东侧荒地(东戈壁) Wildland at eastern side of Fubei farm (Eastern Gobi, 460 mm, 44°19′48″ N, 88°00′59″ E	小果白刺 Nitraria sibirica、骆驼蓬 Peganum harmala、翼果驼蹄瓣 Zygophyllum pterocarpum、黑果枸杞 Lycium ruthenicum、兜藜 Panderia turkestanica、里海盐爪爪 Kalidium caspicum、盐爪爪 K. foliatum、毛足假木贼 Anabasis eriopoda、盐地假木贼 A. salsa、梭梭 Haloxylon ammodendron、小叶碱蓬 Suaeda microphylla、叉毛蓬 Petrosimonia sibirica、粗枝猪毛菜 Salsola subcrassa、刚毛柽柳 T. hispida、红砂 Reaumuria songarica、小獐毛 Aeluropus pungens、芦苇 Phragmites australis和花花柴 Karelinia caspia (共18种 Total 18 species)

植物功能性状 Plant functional trait	属性 Attribute
植物生长型 Plant growth form	乔木及小乔木、灌木、矮灌木、半灌木和草本植物 Arbor and dwarf arbor, shrub, dwarf shrub, sub-shrub and herbage
植物生活型 Plant life form	一年生、地下芽、地面芽、地上芽和高位芽植物 Therophytes, cryptophytes, hemicryptophytes, chamaephytes and phanerophytes
叶质地性状 Leaf texture trait	草质、革质、肉质多汁、叶片退化 Herbaceous, coriaceous, succulent and aphyllous
叶面性状 Leaf surface trait	光滑、单面、双面和周身覆毛 Smooth, single-side-tomentose, double-side-tomentose and whole-body-tomentose
叶片单位面积吸水量 Leaf water uptake content	反累加概率区间依次是: 0-0.166 7、0.166 7-0.333 3、0.333 3-0.500 0、0.500 0-0.666 7、0.666 7-0.833 3和0.833 3- 1.000 0。The interval of inverse cumulative probability is 0-0.166 7, 0.166 7-0.333 3, 0.333 3-0.500 0, 0.500 0- 0.666 7, 0.666 7-0.833 3 and 0.833 3-1.000 0, respectively
叶片含水量增加率 Percentage increase in leaf water content	反累加概率区间依次是: 0-0.166 7、0.166 7-0.333 3、0.333 3-0.500 0、0.500 0-0.666 7、0.666 7-0.833 3和0.833 3- 1.000 0。The interval of inverse cumulative probability is 0-0.166 7, 0.166 7-0.333 3, 0.333 3-0.500 0, 0.500 0- 0.666 7, 0.666 7-0.833 3 and 0.833 3-1.000 0, respectively
叶片水分饱和亏 Leaf water deficit	反累加概率区间依次是: 0-0.166 7、0.166 7-0.333 3、0.333 3-0.500 0、0.500 0-0.666 7、0.666 7-0.833 3和0.833 3- 1.000 0。The interval of inverse cumulative probability is 0-0.166 7, 0.166 7-0.333 3, 0.333 3-0.500 0, 0.500 0- 0.666 7, 0.666 7-0.833 3 and 0.833 3-1.000 0, respectively
比叶面积 Specific leaf area	反累加概率区间依次是: 0-0.166 7、0.166 7-0.333 3、0.333 3-0.500 0、0.500 0-0.666 7、0.666 7-0.833 3和0.833 3- 1.000 0。The interval of inverse cumulative probability is 0-0.166 7, 0.166 7-0.333 3, 0.333 3-0.500 0, 0.500 0- 0.666 7, 0.666 7-0.833 3 and 0.833 3-1.000 0, respectively
叶片干物质含量 Leaf dry matter content	反累加概率区间依次是: 0-0.166 7、0.166 7-0.333 3、0.333 3-0.500 0、0.500 0-0.666 7、0.666 7-0.833 3和0.833 3- 1.000 0。The interval of inverse cumulative probability is 0-0.166 7, 0.166 7-0.333 3, 0.333 3-0.500 0, 0.500 0- 0.666 7, 0.666 7-0.833 3 and 0.833 3-1.000 0, respectively

植物功能性状 Plant functional trait	属性 Attribute
植物生长型 Plant growth form	乔木及小乔木、灌木、矮灌木、半灌木和草本植物 Arbor and dwarf arbor, shrub, dwarf shrub, sub-shrub and herbage
植物生活型 Plant life form	一年生、地下芽、地面芽、地上芽和高位芽植物 Therophytes, cryptophytes, hemicryptophytes, chamaephytes and phanerophytes
叶质地性状 Leaf texture trait	草质、革质、肉质多汁、叶片退化 Herbaceous, coriaceous, succulent and aphyllous
叶面性状 Leaf surface trait	光滑、单面、双面和周身覆毛 Smooth, single-side-tomentose, double-side-tomentose and whole-body-tomentose
叶片单位面积吸水量 Leaf water uptake content	反累加概率区间依次是: 0-0.166 7、0.166 7-0.333 3、0.333 3-0.500 0、0.500 0-0.666 7、0.666 7-0.833 3和0.833 3- 1.000 0。The interval of inverse cumulative probability is 0-0.166 7, 0.166 7-0.333 3, 0.333 3-0.500 0, 0.500 0- 0.666 7, 0.666 7-0.833 3 and 0.833 3-1.000 0, respectively
叶片含水量增加率 Percentage increase in leaf water content	反累加概率区间依次是: 0-0.166 7、0.166 7-0.333 3、0.333 3-0.500 0、0.500 0-0.666 7、0.666 7-0.833 3和0.833 3- 1.000 0。The interval of inverse cumulative probability is 0-0.166 7, 0.166 7-0.333 3, 0.333 3-0.500 0, 0.500 0- 0.666 7, 0.666 7-0.833 3 and 0.833 3-1.000 0, respectively
叶片水分饱和亏 Leaf water deficit	反累加概率区间依次是: 0-0.166 7、0.166 7-0.333 3、0.333 3-0.500 0、0.500 0-0.666 7、0.666 7-0.833 3和0.833 3- 1.000 0。The interval of inverse cumulative probability is 0-0.166 7, 0.166 7-0.333 3, 0.333 3-0.500 0, 0.500 0- 0.666 7, 0.666 7-0.833 3 and 0.833 3-1.000 0, respectively
比叶面积 Specific leaf area	反累加概率区间依次是: 0-0.166 7、0.166 7-0.333 3、0.333 3-0.500 0、0.500 0-0.666 7、0.666 7-0.833 3和0.833 3- 1.000 0。The interval of inverse cumulative probability is 0-0.166 7, 0.166 7-0.333 3, 0.333 3-0.500 0, 0.500 0- 0.666 7, 0.666 7-0.833 3 and 0.833 3-1.000 0, respectively
叶片干物质含量 Leaf dry matter content	反累加概率区间依次是: 0-0.166 7、0.166 7-0.333 3、0.333 3-0.500 0、0.500 0-0.666 7、0.666 7-0.833 3和0.833 3- 1.000 0。The interval of inverse cumulative probability is 0-0.166 7, 0.166 7-0.333 3, 0.333 3-0.500 0, 0.500 0- 0.666 7, 0.666 7-0.833 3 and 0.833 3-1.000 0, respectively

性状 Trait	LWUC		Rw		SLA		LDMC
性状 Trait	r	p	r	p	r	p	r	p
Rw	0.678	< 0.001
SLA	0.323	0.021	-0.153	0.283
LDMC	-0.647	< 0.001	-0.045	0.755	-0.719	< 0.001
WSD	0.753	< 0.001	0.949	< 0.001	-0.162	0.257	-0.079	0.580