内蒙古草原典型植物对土壤微生物群落的影响

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1258.2013.00037

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为了分析内蒙古草原不同植物物种对土壤微生物群落的影响, 采用实时荧光定量PCR (real-time PCR)以及末端限制性片段长度多态性分析(terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism, T-RFLP)等分子生物学技术, 测定了退化-恢复样地上几种典型植物的根际土壤和非根际土壤中细菌和真菌的数量及群落结构。结果表明, 不同植物物种对根际和非根际细菌及根际真菌数量均有显著影响。根际土壤中的细菌和真菌数量普遍高于非根际土壤, 尤其以真菌更为明显。对T-RFLP数据进行多响应置换过程(multi-response permutation procedures, MRPP)分析和主成分分析(principal component analysis, PCA), 结果表明, 大多数物种的根际细菌及真菌的群落结构与非根际有明显差异, 并且所有物种的真菌群落可以按根际和非根际明显分为两大类群。此外, 细菌和真菌群落结构在一定程度上存在按物种聚类的现象, 以细菌较为明显。这些结果揭示了不同植物对土壤微生物群落的影响特征, 对理解内蒙古草原地区退化及恢复过程中植被演替引起的土壤性质和功能的变化有一定的帮助。

关键词: 植物-微生物互作, 实时聚合酶链反应, 根际微生物, 末端限制性片段长度多态性分析

Abstract:

Aims Vegetation in Inner Mongolia grassland has changed due to overgrazing and climate change. Our objective was to explore the effects of plant species on soil microbial communities in an Inner Mongolia grassland to understand the ecological consequences of vegetation changes in this region.
Methods We investigated the sizes and community structures of bacteria and fungi in the rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere soils of several typical plant species in a degradation-restoration site in Xilin Gol Grassland using real-time PCR and terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (T-RFLP) analysis.
Important findings Different plant species have significant effects on the sizes of bacterial communities in both rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere soils and size of fungal communities in rhizosphere soil. The abundances of bacteria and fungi in the rhizosphere soil were generally higher than those in non-rhizosphere soils, particularly for fungi. Multi-response permutation procedures and principal component analysis of T-RFLP data showed significant differences of the bacterial and fungal community structure between rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere soil for most species, and the fungal community structures of all samples can be divided into the rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere soils. In addition, the community structure clustered by plant species is more evident for bacteria. These results revealed important effects of plant species on microbial community composition as well as significant differences of microbial community between rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere soils. Findings are helpful for understanding plants-soil-microbe interactions and mechanisms involved in the Inner Mongolia grassland region.

Key words: plant-microbe interaction, real time-PCR, rhizosphere microorganisms, terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis

王纳纳, 陈颖, 应娇妍, 高勇生, 白永飞. 内蒙古草原典型植物对土壤微生物群落的影响. 植物生态学报, 2014, 38(2): 201-208. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1258.2013.00037

WANG Na-Na, CHEN Ying, YING Jiao-Yan, GAO Yong-Sheng, BAI Yong-Fei. Effects of typical plant on soil microbial communities in an Inner Mongolia grassland. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2014, 38(2): 201-208. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1258.2013.00037

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链接本文: https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/10.3724/SP.J.1258.2013.00037

https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/Y2014/V38/I2/201

图/表 5

表1 植物种及根际环境对细菌和真菌数量的影响

Table 1 Effects of plant species and rhizosphere environment on numbers of bacteria and fungi

微生物类群 Microbial group	变异来源 Source of variation	df	F	p
细菌 Bacteria	物种 Species	5	2.16	0.095 7
	根际环境 Rhizosphere environment	1	11.89	0.002 3
	物种×根际环境 Species × rhizosphere environment	5	2.55	0.057 4
真菌 Fungi	物种 Species	5	2.46	0.064 7
	根际环境 Rhizosphere environment	1	136.02	<0.000 1
	物种×根际环境 Species × rhizosphere environment	5	0.50	0.771 3

图1 不同植物种根际土壤和非根际土壤中细菌的数量(平均值±标准误差)。A、B表示不同物种根际土壤间差异显著(p < 0.05); a、b表示不同物种非根际土壤间差异显著(p < 0.05)。

Fig. 1 Numbers of bacteria in rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere soils of different plant species (mean ± SE). A and B indicate significant difference among rhizosphere soils of different species (p < 0.05); a and b indicate significant difference among non-rhizosphere soils of different species (p < 0.05).

图2 不同植物种根际土壤和非根际土壤中真菌的数量(平均值±标准误差)。A、B表示不同物种根际土壤间差异显著(p < 0.05)。

Fig. 2 Numbers of fungi in rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere soils of different plant species (mean ± SE). A and B indicate significant difference among rhizosphere soils of different species (p < 0.05).

表2 不同物种根际和非根际土壤中细菌和真菌群落结构的多响应置换过程分析

Table 2 Multi-response permutation procedures analysis of bacteria and fungi community structure in rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere soils of different species

微生物类群 Microbial group	分组 Group	观测值 Observed value	预期值 Expected value	T	A	p
细菌 Bacteria	根际与非根际 Rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere	0.457	0.500	-5.014	0.086	< 0.001
	不同物种根际土壤 Rhizosphere soils of different species	0.233	0.500	-5.518	0.533	< 0.001
	不同物种非根际土壤 Non-rhizosphere soils of different species	0.284	0.500	-4.250	0.430	< 0.001
真菌 Fungi	根际与非根际 Rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere	0.405	0.500	-10.832	0.190	< 0.001
	不同物种根际土壤 Rhizosphere soils of different species	0.307	0.500	-4.341	0.385	< 0.001
	不同物种非根际土壤 Non-rhizosphere soils of different species	0.268	0.500	-4.969	0.462	< 0.001

图3 不同物种根际土壤和非根际土壤中细菌(A)和真菌(B)群落结构。○, 冰草根际土壤; ●, 冰草非根际土壤; ◇, 冷蒿根际土壤; ◆, 冷蒿非根际土壤; ▽, 羊草根际土壤; ▼, 羊草非根际土壤; △, 糙隐子草根际土壤; ▲, 糙隐子草非根际土壤; □, 西伯利亚羽茅根际土壤; ■, 西伯利亚羽茅非根际土壤; ☆, 大针茅根际土壤; ★, 大针茅非根际土壤。

Fig. 3 Community structures of bacteria (A) and fungi (B) in rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere soils of different species. ○, Agropyron cristatum rhizosphere soil; ●, Agropyron cristatum non-rhizosphere soil; ◇, Fringed sagebrush rhizosphere soil; ◆, Fringed sagebrush non-rhizosphere soil; ▽, Leymus chinensis rhizosphere soil; ▼, Leymus chinensis non- rhizosphere soil; △, Cleistogenes squarrosa rhizosphere soil; ▲, Cleistogenes squarrosa non-rhizosphere soil; □, Achnatherum sibiiricum rhizosphere soil; ■, Achnatherum sibiiricum non-rhizosphere soil; ☆, Stipa grandis rhizosphere soil; ★, Stipa grandis non-rhizosphere soil.

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