外源谷胱甘肽对石竹幼苗镉毒害的缓解效应

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1258.2013.00098

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为了探讨外源谷胱甘肽(GSH)对地被植物镉(Cd)毒害的缓解效应, 采用温室盆栽土培的方法, 研究了不同浓度(0、20、40、60、80、100 mg·L ^-1)的外源GSH处理对50 mg·kg ^-1 Cd胁迫下石竹(Dianthus chinensis)幼苗生长的影响。结果发现, 50 mg·kg ^-1 Cd显著抑制了石竹幼苗的生长。喷施外源GSH后, 一定浓度范围内(≤60 mg·L ^-1)的外源GSH可显著缓解石竹幼苗的Cd胁迫, 过氧化氢酶(CAT)、过氧化物酶(POD)、抗坏血酸过氧化物酶(APX)、单脱氢抗坏血酸还原酶(MDAR)、脱氢抗坏血酸还原酶(DHAR)、谷胱甘肽还原酶(GR)的活性, 抗坏血酸(AsA)和GSH含量以及生物量、株高、分蘖数都显著高于无外源GSH处理的石竹幼苗, 而丙二醛(MDA)含量、细胞膜透性、Cd含量、O₂· ^-的产生速率以及H₂O₂的积累量则显著低于无外源GSH处理的石竹幼苗, 但随着外源GSH喷施浓度的增加, 缓解效应有下降的趋势。试验表明55-65 mg·L ^-1的外源GSH缓解效果最佳。

关键词: 抗坏血酸-谷胱甘肽循环, 镉胁迫, 石竹幼苗, 外源谷胱甘肽, 缓解效应

Abstract:

Aims The objective was to investigate exogenous glutathione (GSH) mitigation effects of Cadmium (Cd) toxicity on ground cover plants.
Methods A greenhouse pot experiment was conducted to explore the effects of spraying different concentrations (0, 20, 40, 60, 80 and 100 mg·L ^-1) exogenous GSH on Dianthus chinensis seedlings exposed to 50 mg·kg ^-1 Cd in the soil.
Important findings 50 mg·kg ^-1 Cd significantly inhibited the growth of D. chinensis seedlings; however, a range of concentrations of sprayed exogenous GSH significantly relieved Cd stress on D. chinensis seedlings. Sprayed D. chinensis seedlings had increased activities of the catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POD), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), monodehydroascorbate reductase (MDAR), dehydroascorbate reductase (DHAR) and glutathione reductase (GR), as well as increased ascorbic acid (AsA) and GSH contents, biomass, plant height and number of tillers. There were decreases in malondialdehyde (MDA), cell membrane permeability, Cd contents, O₂· ^- production rates and accumulated amount of H₂O₂. However, with increased exogenous GSH concentration, there was a downward trend in mitigation effects. Considering all factors, the mitigation effects were maximized by spraying 55-65 mg·L ^-1 exogenous GSH.

Key words: AsA-GSH cycle, Cd stress, Dianthus chinensis seedling, exogenous GSH, mitigation effect

丁继军,潘远智,李丽,刘柿良,崔明峰,高佩刚. 外源谷胱甘肽对石竹幼苗镉毒害的缓解效应. 植物生态学报, 2013, 37(10): 950-960. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1258.2013.00098

DING Ji-Jun,PAN Yuan-Zhi,LI Li,LIU Shi-Liang,CUI Ming-Feng,GAO Pei-Gang. Mitigation effects of exogenous glutathione on the growth of Dianthus chinensis seedlings under Cd stress. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2013, 37(10): 950-960. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1258.2013.00098

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链接本文: https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/10.3724/SP.J.1258.2013.00098

https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/Y2013/V37/I10/950

图/表 10

表1 试验设计

Table 1 Design of this experiment

处理 Treatment	CK	I	II	III	IV	V	VI
镉 Cd (mg·kg^-1)	0	50	50	50	50	50	50
谷胱甘肽 Glutathione (mg·L^-1)	0	0	20	40	60	80	100

表2 Cd胁迫下外源谷胱甘肽对石竹幼苗生长的影响(平均值±标准偏差)

Table 2 Effects of the exogenous glutathione on the growth of Dianthus chinensis seedlings under Cd stress (mean ± SD)

处理 Treatment	生物量 Biomass (g DW·pot^-1)			株高 Plant height (cm)	分蘖数 Tiller number	抗性系数 Coefficient
处理 Treatment	地下部 Root	地上部 Shoot	整株 Whole plant	株高 Plant height (cm)	分蘖数 Tiller number	抗性系数 Coefficient
CK	1.89 ± 0.11^a	13.66 ± 0.30^a	15.56 ± 0.37^a	27.50 ± 2.38^a	11.8 ± 2.08^a	-
I	1.44 ± 0.05^b	10.59 ± 0.26^c	12.02 ± 0.21^d	17.37 ± 1.62^d	5.3 ± 1.53^b	0.77
II	1.44 ± 0.08^b	10.75 ± 0.38^c	12.18 ± 0.32^d	18.93 ± 0.26^cd	5.3 ± 2.52^b	0.78
III	1.59 ± 0.06^b	11.30 ± 0.29^b	12.90 ± 0.31^c	20.16 ± 2.15^c	7.7 ± 1.54^b	0.83
IV	1.53 ± 0.21^b	13.21 ± 0.14^a	14.73 ± 0.14^b	23.36 ± 0.42^b	8.3 ± 0.58^b	0.95
V	1.59 ± 0.08^b	11.34 ± 0.19^b	12.93 ± 0.26^c	19.31 ± 0.06^cd	6.7 ± 1.53^b	0.83
VI	1.49 ± 0.03^b	11.66 ± 0.27^b	13.15 ± 0.28^c	20.22 ± 0.20^c	7.3 ± 1.53^b	0.85

表3 Cd胁迫下石竹幼苗各指标与外源谷胱甘肽浓度之间的相关性与线性回归分析

Table 3 Correlation and linear regression analysis between each index of Dianthus chinensis seedlings and exogenous glutathione concentration under Cd stress

指标 Index		PB	PH			NT	Cd_Root	Cd_Stem		Cd_Leaf	Con	MDA含量 MDA content		O₂·^-产生速率 O₂·^-production rate
r		0.523	0.446			0.417	-0.837	-0.899		-0.888	0.619	0.804		0.875
b		0.138*	0.027			0.021	-0.209^**	-0.083^**		-0.081^**	-0.075^**	-0.009^**		-0.027^**
a		12.293	18.562			5.730	54.481	15.510		14.786	31.240	5.486		5.477
指标 Index	H₂O₂含量 H₂O₂ content			POD活性 POD activity	SOD活性 SOD activity		CAT活性 CAT activity		APX活性 APX activity	MDAR活性 MDAR activity	DHAR活性 DHAR activity	GR活性 GR activity	AsA含量 AsA content		GSH含量 GSH content
r	0.840			0.417	0.122		0.721		0.204	0.672	0.462	0.637	0.565		0.757
b	-0.025^**			0.187	0.049		0.101^**		0.001	0.003^**	0.001	0.001^**	0.002^*		0.002^**
a	4.338			220.339	130.075		29.968		1.477	1.270	0.483	0.347	0.643		0.311

图1 Cd胁迫下外源谷胱甘肽对石竹幼苗各部分Cd含量的影响(平均值±标准偏差)。处理同表1。不同小写字母表示同一部位不同浓度外源谷胱甘肽处理差异显著(p < 0.05)。

Fig. 1 Effects of exogenous glutathione on the Cd content of different parts of Dianthus chinensis seedlings under Cd stress (mean ± SD). Treatment see Table 1. Different small letters indicate significant difference in the same location with different exogenous glutathione treatments (p < 0.05).

图2 Cd胁迫下外源谷胱甘肽对石竹幼苗叶片丙二醛含量和相对电导率的影响(平均值±标准偏差)。处理同表1。不同小写字母表示相同处理时间下不同浓度的外源谷胱甘肽处理间差异显著(p < 0.05)。

Fig. 2 Effects of exogenous glutathione on malondialdehyde (MDA) content and the relative conductivity of Dianthus chinensis seedling leaves under Cd stress (mean ± SD). Treatment see Table 1. Different small letters indicate significant difference between exogenous glutathione treatments of same treatment duration (p < 0.05).

图3 Cd胁迫下外源谷胱甘肽对石竹幼苗叶片O2·-产生速率和H2O2含量的影响(平均值±标准偏差)。处理同表1。不同小写字母表示相同处理时间下不同浓度的外源谷胱甘肽处理间差异显著(p < 0.05)。

Fig. 3 Effects of exogenous glutathione on superoxide anion production rate and H2O2 content of Dianthus chinensis seedling leaves under Cd stress (mean ± SD). Treatment see Table 1. Different small letters indicate significant difference between exogenous glutathione treatments of same treatment duration (p < 0.05).

表4 石竹幼苗各指标间的相关系数

Table 4 Correlation coefficients between various indicators of Dianthus chinensis seedlings

指标 Index	Cd_root	Con	$\text{O}_{\text{2}}^{\overline{\bullet }}$	H₂O₂	POD	SOD	CAT	APX	MDAR	DHAR	GR	AsA	GSH
Cd_root	1
Con	0.70^**	1
O₂·^-	0.91^**	0.72^**	1
H₂O₂	0.72^**	0.52^*	0.72^**	1
POD	-0.52^*	-0.74^**	-0.56^**	-0.33	1
SOD	0.66^**	0.66^**	0.49^*	0.42	-0.50^*	1
CAT	-0.37	-0.10	-0.6^**	-0.42	0.14	0.27	1
APX	-0.11	-0.19	-0.35	0.08	0.39	0.03	0.47^*	1
MDAR	-0.85^**	-0.73^**	-0.84^**	-0.62^**	0.57^**	-0.40	0.48^*	0.19	1
DHAR	-0.71^**	-0.70^**	-0.76^**	-0.49^*	0.46^*	-0.33	0.45^*	0.29	0.78^**	1
GR	-0.78^**	-0.56^**	-0.84^**	-0.61^**	0.45^*	-0.28	0.59^**	0.24	0.72^**	0.83^**	1
AsA	-0.74^**	-0.66^**	-0.83^**	-0.48^*	0.55^**	-0.25	0.52^*	0.47^*	0.81^**	0.87^**	0.84^**	1
GSH	-0.49^*	-0.39	-0.65^**	-0.59^**	0.52^*	0.06	0.73^**	0.28	0.58^**	0.54^*	0.68^**	0.65^**	1

图4 Cd胁迫下外源谷胱甘肽对石竹幼苗叶片过氧化物酶(POD)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶活性的影响(CAT) (平均值±标准偏差)。处理同表1。不同小写字母表示相同处理时间下不同浓度的外源谷胱甘肽处理间差异显著(p < 0.05)。

Fig. 4 Effects of exogenous glutathione on peroxidase (POD), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activities of Dianthus chinensis seedling leaves under Cd stress (mean ± SD). Treatment see Table 1. Different small letters indicate significant difference between exogenous glutathione treatments of same treatment duration (p < 0.05).

图5 Cd胁迫下外源谷胱甘肽对石竹幼苗叶片抗坏血酸过氧化物酶(APX)、单脱氢抗坏血酸还原酶(MDAR)、脱氢抗坏血酸还原酶(DHAR)和谷胱甘肽还原酶(GR)活性的影响(平均值±标准偏差)。处理同表1。不同小写字母表示相同处理时间下不同浓度的外源谷胱甘肽处理间差异显著(p < 0.05)。

Fig. 5 Effects of exogenous glutathione on ascorbate peroxidase (APX), monodehydroascorbate reductase (MDAR), dehydroascorbate reductase (DHAR) and glutathione reductase (GR) activities of Dianthus chinensis seedling leaves under Cd stress (mean ± SD). Treatment see Table 1. Different small letters indicate significant difference between exogenous glutathione treatments of same treatment duration (p < 0.05).

图6 Cd胁迫下外源谷胱甘肽对石竹幼苗叶片抗坏血酸(AsA)和谷胱甘肽(GSH)含量的影响(平均值±标准偏差)。处理同表1。不同小写字母表示相同处理时间下不同浓度的外源谷胱甘肽处理间差异显著(p < 0.05)。

Fig. 6 Effects of exogenous glutathione on ascorbic acid (AsA) and glutathione (GSH) content of Dianthus chinensis seedling leaves under Cd stress (mean ± SD). Treatment see Table 1. Different small letters indicate significant difference between exogenous glutathione treatments of same treatment duration (p < 0.05).

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