种子异型植物异子蓬的生殖分配和结实格局

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1258.2012.00948

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

选择能产生异型果实和种子的一年生盐生植物异子蓬(Suaeda aralocaspica)为研究对象, 研究其生殖分配和结实格局。结果表明, 异子蓬具有较高的生殖分配和规律性的“谨慎型”结实格局。异子蓬的生殖分配高达56%。在资源充裕时, 该植物对扁圆形棕色种子(采取机会主义的萌发策略)的投资多于双凸镜形黑色种子(采取谨慎的萌发策略)的投资。异子蓬的花序类型为二歧聚伞花序, 单个果序含果实(种子)的数目为1-15个, 最多可分为4级。果序内果实的分布具有一定的规律: 第一级1个果实, 第二级2个, 第三级4个, 第四级8个。异子蓬优先将资源供给黑色种子的果实, 利用不同类型种子的发育顺序, 首先保证黑色种子的产出。具有较高的生殖分配和采取“谨慎”的生殖策略是异子蓬与其所处盐漠环境长期适应的结果。

关键词: 结实格局, 盐生植物, 生殖分配, 种子异型性, 异子蓬

Abstract:

Aims Suaeda aralocaspica is an annual halophyte native to the inland salt desert of the Junggar Basin, Xinjiang, China. It produces two clearly defined types of fruits and seeds on the same plant. Our objective was to investigate reproductive allocation and fruit-set pattern of this species.
Methods We randomly selected 11 plants of S. aralocaspica in a population and measured the canopy diameter, shoot length, and root length and biomass allocation. We randomly selected 30 primal branches, 30 secondary branches and 30 tertiary branches, and then counted the fruit number for different node sites. We also determined the position of each fruit (seed) in the infructescence for three consecutive growing seasons.
Important findings Suaeda aralocaspica had high biomass allocation to reproductive organs and a regular fruit-set pattern that is a cautious strategy. The reproductive allocation of biomass in S. aralocaspica plants reached 56%, which is much higher than that of most annual and perennial plants. A greater proportion of biomass was allocated to oblate brown seeds (opportunistic germination strategy) than to elliptical black seeds (cautious germination strategy). The inflorescence (dichasium) may contain from one to fifteen fruits in one to four orders. The first order contains a single fruit, the second order two fruits, the third four and the fourth eight. Suaeda aralocaspica allocated resources first to black-seeded fruits. Thus, S. aralocaspica has high reproductive allocation and a cautious reproductive strategy that is adapted to the salt desert.

Key words: fruit-set pattern, halophyte, reproductive allocation, seed heteromorphism, Suaeda aralocaspica

王雷, 董鸣, 黄振英. 种子异型植物异子蓬的生殖分配和结实格局. 植物生态学报, 2012, 36(9): 948-955. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1258.2012.00948

WANG Lei, DONG Ming, HUANG Zhen-Ying. Reproductive allocation and fruit-set pattern of seed-heteromorphic plant Suaeda aralocaspica. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2012, 36(9): 948-955. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1258.2012.00948

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链接本文: https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/10.3724/SP.J.1258.2012.00948

https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/Y2012/V36/I9/948

图/表 6

表1 分枝水平和果实类型对异子蓬果实数目影响的双因素方差分析

Table 1 Two-way ANOVA of effects of branch level and fruit type on fruit number of Suaeda aralocaspica

	df	SS	MS	F	p
分枝 Branch (B)	2	68.253	34.126	13.869	0
果实类型 Fruit type (F)	1	111.410	111.410	45.278	0
分枝×果实类型 B × F	2	25.439	12.720	5.169	0.007

图1 异子蓬单株一级分枝(A)、二级分枝(B)和三级分枝(C)的果实数(平均值±标准误差)。不同小写字母表示同级分枝上果实数差异显著(p < 0.05)。

Fig. 1 Fruit number of primary (A), secondary (B) and tertiary (C) branches of individual Suaeda aralocaspica (mean ± SE). Different lower case letters indicate significant difference in fruit number at same branch level (p < 0.05).

图2 异子蓬一级分枝不同节点位置的果实数(A)和棕色种子果实所占的比例(B) (平均值±标准误差)。

Fig. 2 Fruit number (A) and brown-seeded fruits percentage (B) of primary branch of Suaeda aralocaspica for different node sites (mean ± SE).

图3 异子蓬二级分枝不同节点位置的果实数(A)和棕色种子果实所占的比例(B) (平均值±标准误差)。

Fig. 3 Fruit number (A) and brown-seeded fruits percentage (B) of secondary branch of Suaeda aralocaspica for different node sites (mean ± SE).

图4 异子蓬三级分枝不同节点位置的果实数(A)和棕色种子果实所占的比例(B) (平均值±标准误差)。

Fig. 4 Fruit number (A) and brown-seeded fruits percentage (B) of tertiary branch of Suaeda aralocaspica for different node sites (mean ± SE).

图5 异子蓬果序中棕色和黑色种子果实的4种分布模式图。竖直的粗线, 分枝; 其余实线, 果枝; 虚线, 第一个果实的果枝。1, 结1个果实; 2, 结3个果实; 3, 结7个果实; 4, 结15个是果实。

Fig. 5 Distribution model of brown- and black-seeded fruits in Suaeda aralocaspica infructescence. Straight thick line, branch; other real line, fruit branch; broken line, fruit branch of the first fruit. 1, one fruit; 2, three fruits; 3, seven fruits; 4, 15 fruits.

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