亚热带地区3种常绿阔叶植物光系统II功能对冬季短暂升温的响应

doi:10.17521/cjpe.2023.0207

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 气候变暖导致亚热带地区冬季出现日最高气温在15 ℃以上亚适温的短暂升温现象, 然而不同耐冷性常绿阔叶植物的光合作用是如何响应这种短暂升温的尚缺乏研究。该研究以栽培于亚热带的红叶石楠(Photinia × fraseri, 耐冷性强)、荷花木兰(Magnolia grandiflora, 耐冷性中等)和雅榕(Ficus concinna, 冷敏感)为材料, 比较了这3种常绿阔叶植物阴生叶和阳生叶光系统II (PSII)功能对冬季短暂升温的响应。结果表明: 受冬季低温抑制的这3种常绿阔叶植物PSII功能在短暂升温期内(持续3天日最高气温在15 ℃以上)均有所恢复, 但其PSII功能和恢复程度对升温呈现不同的响应特征。红叶石楠阴生叶和阳生叶冬季PSII光抑制为可逆光抑制, PSII最大光化学效率(F_v/F_m)在升温条件下均可恢复至正常水平(>0.80); 且升温刺激了其阴生叶和阳生叶PSII功能的超补偿恢复, PSII反应中心开放程度(q_P)和热耗散能力(NPQ)均高于冬季降温前(10月)水平, 其中阴生叶光化学反应恢复程度高于阳生叶, 而阳生叶热耗散恢复程度高于阴生叶。荷花木兰阴生叶冬季PSII光抑制以可逆光抑制为主, 阳生叶则部分区域受到光抑制破坏; 冬季短暂升温促进了荷花木兰PSII功能较大程度恢复, 虽然总体上升温对叶片热耗散恢复的促进作用大于光化学反应, 但两种类型叶片相对而言, 阴生叶热耗散恢复程度高于阳生叶, 而阳生叶的光化学反应恢复程度高于阴生叶。冷敏感植物雅榕阴生叶冬季PSII光抑制也以可逆光抑制为主, 阳生叶则受到严重光抑制破坏; 冬季短暂升温下雅榕阴生叶PSII功能有一定程度恢复, 而阳生叶PSII功能未能有效恢复, 但总体上升温更有利于雅榕叶片热耗散的恢复。该研究结果表明, 3种常绿植物PSII光抑制程度与植物的耐冷性呈正相关关系, 冬季短暂升温刺激了3种常绿植物PSII功能的恢复, 其中耐冷性强的红叶石楠PSII光化学反应和热耗散能力获得超补偿恢复, 耐冷性中等的荷花木兰热耗散恢复优于光化学反应, 但对冷敏感性雅榕叶片仅有利于热耗散的恢复。

关键词: 常绿阔叶植物, PSII功能, 冬季PSII光抑制, 冬季短暂升温, 亚热带地区

Abstract:

Aims Climate warming will lead to a transient warming in subtropical regions during winter. Different overwintering strategies were observed in evergreen species. However, it is not clear how the photosynthetic physiology of evergreen broadleaf plants responds to transient warming at winter in subtropical region. This research aims to explore the responses of photosystem II (PSII) function of evergreen broadleaf species with different cold tolerance to transient warming at winter.

Methods Three evergreen broadleaf species Photinia × fraseri (high cold resistance), Magnolia grandiflora(moderate cold resistance), and Ficus concinna (cold sensitive) planted in subtropics were selected. The chlorophyll fluorescence parameters of shade leaves and sun leaves were examined during the transient warming period (the daily maximum temperature exceeding 15 °C and lasting for 3 d) at winter.

Important findings The PSII function of three evergreen broadleaf species was inhibited by low temperature at winter. Transient warming would promote the recovery of PSII function, however, different responses of PSII function to transient warming were observed in species with different cold tolerance. The winter PSII photoinhibition (WPI) of P. × fraseri was reversible for both shade and sun leaves, the maximum photochemical efficiency (F_v/F_m) of PSII was recovered to normal levels (>0.80) under the transient warming at winter. Moreover, the transient warming stimulated the overcompensation recovery of PSII function in both shade and sun leaves of P. × fraseri, manifested by the photochemical quenching (q_P) and non-photochemical quenching (NPQ) recovered to a higher level under the transient warming condition than before winter cooling (October). To compare the response difference between shade leaves and sun leaves of P. × fraseri, the improvement of photochemical reaction was better in shade leaves, whereas the recovery of thermal dissipation was better in sun leaves. The WPI of shade leaves of M. grandiflora was mainly reversible, while WPI of sun leaves could only partially recover. The transient warming promoted a significant recovery of PSII function in M. grandiflora. Overall, transient warming had a greater promoting effect on the improvement of energy dissipation in M. grandiflora than photochemical reactions. However, the recovery of energy dissipation in shade leaves of M. grandiflora was relatively better than that in sun leaves, while the recovery of photochemical reactions in sun leaves was better during the transient warming periods. For F. concinna, the WPI of shade leaves was mainly reversible, however, the sun leaves were damaged by severe photoinhibition by cold temperature with high light. During the transient warming period, partial recovery of PSII function was observed in the shade leaves of F. concinna, but not in the sun leaves. As same as the M. grandiflora, transient warming was more conducive to the recovery of energy dissipation than photochemical reaction in leaves of F. concinna. WPI was positively correlated with the cold tolerance of the three evergreen broadleaf species. Transient warming stimulated the overcompensation recovery of PSII function in P. × fraseri, and had a greater promoting effect on energy dissipation in M. grandiflora than photochemical reactions, but promoted the recovery of energy dissipation only in F. concinna.

Key words: evergreen broadleaf plant, PSII function, winter PSII photoinhibition, transient warming in winter, subtropical region

闫小红, 傅英健, 胡文海. 亚热带地区3种常绿阔叶植物光系统II功能对冬季短暂升温的响应. 植物生态学报, 2025, 49(2): 331-342. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2023.0207

YAN Xiao-Hong, FU Ying-Jiang, HU Wen-Hai. Responses of photosystem II function of three evergreen broadleaf species to transient warming at winter in subtropical region. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2025, 49(2): 331-342. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2023.0207

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链接本文: https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/10.17521/cjpe.2023.0207

https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/Y2025/V49/I2/331

图/表 7

图1 实验地点实验期间日最高气温与最低气温的变化。

Fig. 1 Changes in daily maximum and minimum air temperature during experimental period of the study site.

图2 3种常绿阔叶植物光系统II最大量子产量(Fv/Fm)的变化(平均值±标准误, n = 5)。

Fig. 2 Changes in the maximum quantum yield of photosystem II (Fv/Fm) of three evergreen broadleaf species (mean ± SE, n = 5).

图3 3种常绿阔叶植物通过光系统II电子传递速率(ETR(II))快速光响应曲线(平均值±标准误, n = 5)。PAR, 光合有效辐射。

Fig. 3 Rapid light response curves of electron transport rate of PSII (ETR(II)) in the three evergreen broadleaf species (mean ± SE, n = 5). PAR, photosynthetically active radiation.

图4 3种常绿阔叶植物最大光合电子流(Jmax)和饱和光强(PARsat)的变化(平均值±标准误, n = 5)。不同小写字母表示不同叶类型和升温前后在0.05水平上差异显著。

Fig. 4 Changes in the maximum photosynthetic electron flow (Jmax) and saturated irradiance (PARsat) of three evergreen broadleaf species (mean ± SE, n = 5). Different lowercase letters are significantly different between leaf types, before and after warming (p < 0.05).

表1 光环境和温度变化对3种常绿阔叶植物最大光合电子流(Jmax)和饱和光强(PARsat)的协同影响

Table 1 Collaborative effects of light environment and temperature variation on the maximum photosynthetic electron flow (Jmax) and saturated irradiance (PARsat) of three evergreen broadleaf plants

参数 Parameter	F
参数 Parameter	光环境 Light	温度 Temperature	光环境×温度 Light × temperature
红叶石楠 Photinia × fraseri
J_max	40.404^***	37.689^***	0.578
PAR_sat	154.136^***	20.482^**	15.657^**
荷花木兰 Magnolia grandiflora
J_max	37.702^***	46.720^***	2.483
PAR_sat	13.864^**	14.915^**	2.651
雅榕 Ficus concinna
J_max	58.026^***	23.387^***	4.966
PAR_sat	41.981^***	11.853^**	2.516

图5 3种常绿阔叶植物光化学猝灭(qP)和非光化学猝灭(NPQ)的变化(平均值±标准误, n = 5)。

Fig. 5 Changes in the photochemical quenching (qP) and non-photochemical quenching (NPQ) of three evergreen broadleaf species (mean ± SE, n = 5).

图6 3种常绿阔叶植物光系统II (PSII)能量分配的变化(平均值±标准误, n = 5)。Y(II), PSII实际光化学量子产量; Y(NO), PSII非调节性能量耗散的量子产量; Y(NPQ), PSII调节性能量耗散的量子产量。

Fig. 6 Changes in the energy partitioning of photosystem II (PSII) of three evergreen broadleaf species (mean ± SE, n = 5). Y(II), effective PSII quantum yield; Y(NO), quantum yield of non-regulation energy dissipation; Y(NPQ), quantum yield of regulated energy dissipation.

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