气候变化对不同退化程度小叶杨林分生长和内在水分利用效率的调节

doi:10.17521/cjpe.2023.0363

植物生态学报 ›› 2025, Vol. 49 ›› Issue (2): 343-355.DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2023.0363 cstr: 32100.14.cjpe.2023.0363

气候变化对不同退化程度小叶杨林分生长和内在水分利用效率的调节

王堃莹¹, 邱贵福⁴, 刘子赫¹, 孟君¹, 刘宇轩¹, 贾国栋¹^,²^,³^,^*()

¹北京林业大学水土保持学院, 北京 100083
²北京林业大学水土保持国家林业和草原局重点实验室, 北京 100083
³林木资源高效生产全国重点实验室, 北京 100083
⁴张家口塞北林场(市国有林场管理处), 河北张家口 075000

收稿日期:2023-12-06 接受日期:2024-09-18 出版日期:2025-02-20 发布日期:2025-02-20
通讯作者: ^*贾国栋: (jiaguodong@bjfu.edu.cn)
基金资助:
国家重点研发计划(2023YFF1305302);国家自然科学基金(42277062);国家自然科学基金(41977149)

Climate change regulate tree growth and intrinsic water use efficiency of Populus simonii at different levels of degradation

WANG Kun-Ying¹, QIU Gui-Fu⁴, LIU Zi-He¹, MENG Jun¹, LIU Yu-Xuan¹, JIA Guo-Dong¹^,²^,³^,^*()

¹School of Soil and Water Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
²Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Soil and Water Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
³State Key Laboratory of Efficient Production of Forest Resources, Beijing 100083, China
⁴Zhangjiakou Saibei Forestry (Municipal State Forestry Administration), Zhangjiakou, Hebei 075000, China

Received:2023-12-06 Accepted:2024-09-18 Online:2025-02-20 Published:2025-02-20
Supported by:
National Key R&D Program of China(2023YFF1305302);National Natural Science Foundation of China(42277062);National Natural Science Foundation of China(41977149)

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 小叶杨(Populus simonii)作为中国北方重要防护树种, 其大面积衰退对生态系统健康发展及防护林持续经营产生了严重影响, 探究气候变化背景下小叶杨退化原因可为人工林的管理经营提供参考。该研究调查了张北县3种不同退化程度的小叶杨人工林, 将其胸高断面积增量(BAI)、内在水分利用效率(iWUE)、树轮碳稳定同位素比值和气孔调节策略进行对比, 从而分析了气候变化对小叶杨生长和iWUE的影响。结果显示: 1) CO₂浓度和气温是iWUE变化的主要驱动因素, 在大气CO₂浓度增加、气候变化和生理状况综合影响下, 小叶杨的iWUE呈现明显增加趋势, 不同退化程度小叶杨BAI均呈先增后减趋势。2) 3种不同退化程度小叶杨林分的生长主要受气温影响, 大多数情况下研究区iWUE的增加并不能促进树木生长。3)气候变化背景下, 衰退树木对干旱更为敏感, 干旱胁迫下, 退化程度大的林分采取更为严格的气孔策略。4) CO₂浓度增加及气温上升的促进作用无法抵消干旱胁迫加剧对树木生理机能的不利影响, 长期干旱胁迫可能导致退化树木生长进一步衰退。

关键词: 气候变化, 干旱, 气孔调节, 树轮, 稳定同位素, 人工林

Abstract:

Aims As one of the important species in shelterbelt forests of the northern China, the large-scale decline of the Populus simonii has a serious impact on the healthy development of the ecosystem and the sustainable management of shelterbelt forests, and the investigation on the causes of P. simonii degradation in the context of climate change can provide a reference for the management of plantation forests.

Methods The study investigated three P. simonii plantation forests with different degradation levels in Zhangbei, and compared their basal area increment (BAI), intrinsic water use efficiency (iWUE), tree ring carbon stable isotopes ratio, and stomatal regulation strategies, in order to analyze the impacts of climate change on the growth of P. simonii and its intrinsic water use efficiency.

Important findings The results showed that: 1) CO₂ concentration and air temperature were the main drivers of iWUE changes, with a significant increasing trend in iWUE under the combined effects of increasing atmospheric CO₂ concentration, climate change and physiological conditions. 2) The tree growth in the three P. simonii stands with different levels of degradation was mainly determined by air temperature, and in most cases the increase in iWUE did not promote tree growth. 3) Declining trees were more sensitive to drought in the context of climate change, and more stringent stomatal strategies were adopted by highly degraded stands under drought stress. 4) The negative effects of increased drought stress on tree physiology could not be counteracted by increased CO₂ concentrations and increased air temperatures, and prolonged drought stress might lead to further decline in the growth of degraded trees.

Key words: climate change, drought, stomatal regulation, tree ring, stable isotope, plantation

王堃莹, 邱贵福, 刘子赫, 孟君, 刘宇轩, 贾国栋. 气候变化对不同退化程度小叶杨林分生长和内在水分利用效率的调节. 植物生态学报, 2025, 49(2): 343-355. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2023.0363

WANG Kun-Ying, QIU Gui-Fu, LIU Zi-He, MENG Jun, LIU Yu-Xuan, JIA Guo-Dong. Climate change regulate tree growth and intrinsic water use efficiency of Populus simonii at different levels of degradation. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2025, 49(2): 343-355. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2023.0363

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链接本文: https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/10.17521/cjpe.2023.0363

https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/Y2025/V49/I2/343

图/表 11

图1 张北县3种不同退化程度的小叶杨人工林位置和采样点分布图。

Fig. 1 Location and sampling sites distribution of Populus simonii plantation forests with three degradation levels in Zhangbei.

表1 不同退化程度小叶杨人工林样地信息统计(平均值±标准差)

Table 1 Statistical information on sample plots of Populus simonii plantations at different levels of degradation (mean ± SD)

退化等级 Degradation level	衰退树木比率 Rate of dieback trees (%)	树高 Height (m)	胸径 DBH (cm)	叶面积指数 LAI	密度 Density (·hm^-2)	采样点数量 (小区数量) Sites (subplots)	海拔 Altitude (m)
正常生长 Normal growth	<20	13.88 ± 4.25^a	22.15 ± 2.25^a	2.06 ± 0.96^a	1 042 ± 532	9 (3)	1 250-1 275
轻度退化 Mild degradation	20-60	10.82 ± 2.25^a	17.62 ± 1.86^a	1.30 ± 0.53^ab	1 650 ± 839	9 (3)	1 238-1 285
重度退化 Severe degradation	>60	8.95 ± 2.25^b	13.71 ± 1.64^b	0.98 ± 0.21^c	728 ± 230	9 (3)	1 256-1 286

图2 张北县帕默尔干旱指数(PDSI)特征。

Fig. 2 Characterization of Palmer Drought Index (PDSI) in Zhangbei.

图3 张北县气温、降水量、相对湿度和年度饱和水汽压差(VPD)的年际变化。

Fig. 3 Interannual variation of temperature, precipitation, relative humidity and annual vapor pressure deficit (VPD) in Zhangbei.

图4 张北县不同退化程度小叶杨胸高断面积增量(BAI)和内在水分利用效率(iWUE) (平均值±标准差)。不同大写字母表示不同退化程度之间iWUE差异显著, 不同小写字母表示不同退化程度之间BAI差异显著(p < 0.05)。

Fig. 4 Basal area increment (BAI) and intrinsic water use efficiency (iWUE) of Populus simonii at different degradation levels in Zhangbei (mean ± SD). Different uppercase letters indicate significant differences in iWUE between degradation levels, and different lowercase letters indicate significant differences in BAI between degradation levels (p < 0.05).

图5 张北县不同退化程度小叶杨树轮纤维素碳稳定同位素值(δ13C)和树轮中13C判别值(Δ13C)变化趋势及对比(平均值±标准差)。不同退化程度之间δ13C的显著差异(p < 0.05)用不同大写字母表示, 不同退化程度之间Δ13C的显著差异(p < 0.05)用不同小写字母表示。

Fig. 5 Trends and comparisons of carbon stable isotope values of tree ring cellulose (δ13C) and 13C discrimination in the tree ring (Δ13C) changes in Populus simonii with different degradation levels in Zhangbei (mean ± SD). Significant differences (p < 0.05) in δ13C between different degrees of degradation are indicated by different uppercase letters, and significant differences (p < 0.05) in Δ13C between different degrees of degradation are indicated by different lowercase letters.

图6 不同退化程度小叶杨胞间CO2浓度(Ci)及Ci与大气CO2浓度(Ca)比值。不同退化程度之间Ci的显著差异(p < 0.05)用不同小写字母表示, 不同退化程度之间Ci/Ca的显著差异(p < 0.05)用不同大写字母表示。

Fig. 6 Intercellular CO2 concentration (Ci) and the ratio of Ci to atmospheric CO2 concentration (Ca) in Populus simonii with different degradation levels. Significant differences (p < 0.05) in Ci between different degrees of degradation are indicated by different lowercase letters, and significant differences (p < 0.05) in Ci/Ca between different degrees of degradation are indicated by different uppercase letters.

图7 不同退化程度小叶杨胸高断面积增量(BAI)和内在水分利用效率(iWUE)与年际气象因子相关系数。*和**分别代表显著性水平小于0.05和0.01。A、B和C代表BAI、iWUE与2000年前气象因子相关性, D、E和F代表2000年后气象因子相关性。BAIn、BAIm和BAIs分别表示正常、轻度退化和重度退化林分的BAI。P, 降水量; PDSI, 帕默尔干旱指数; RH, 相对湿度; T, 气温; VPD, 饱和水汽压差。

Fig. 7 Correlation coefficients among basal area increment (BAI), intrinsic water use efficiency (iWUE) and inter-annual meteorological factors of Populus simonii with different degradation levels. * and ** represent significance levels less than 0.05 and 0.01, respectively. Figures A, B and C show BAI and iWUE correlations with pre-2000 meteorological factors, and Figures D, E and F show post-2000 meteorological factor correlations. BAIn, BAIm and BAIs represent BAI in normal, mild and severely degraded stands, respectively. P, precipitation; PDSI, Palmer drought severity index; RH, relative humidity; T, air temperature; VPD, vapor pressure deficit.

表2 小叶杨胸高断面积增量(BAI)与气象因子逐步回归模型的赤池信息量准则(AIC)值

Table 2 Akaike Information Criterion (AIC) values of stepwise regression between basal area increment (BAI) and meteorological factors for Populus simonii

选取指标 Selection of indicators	正常生长 Normal growth		轻度退化 Mild degradation		重度退化 Severe degradation
选取指标 Selection of indicators	2000年前 Pre-2000	2000年后 Post-2000	2000年前 Pre-2000	2000年后 Post-2000	2000年前 Pre-2000	2000年后 Post-2000
T	60.35	16.71	49.18	14.19	35.99	16.71
T+PDSI	61.41	18.50	49.82	15.53	35.50	18.50
RH+PDSI	59.31	14.75	59.31	16.63	43.72	17.99
P+T+PDSI	63.14	20.46	51.53	17.44	36.87	20.46
T+RH+VPD+PDSI	53.52	17.63	53.52	18.67	39.32	21.84
P+T+RH+VPD+PDSI	67.07	19.61	55.32	20.66	40.74	23.80

表3 小叶杨内在水分利用效率(iWUE)与气象因子逐步回归模型的赤池信息量准则(AIC)值

Table 3 Akaike Information Criterion (AIC) values of stepwise regression between intrinsic water use efficiency (iWUE) and meteorological factors for Populus simonii

选取指标 Selection of indicators	正常生长 Normal growth		轻度退化 Mild degradation		重度退化 Severe degradation
选取指标 Selection of indicators	2000年前 Pre-2000	2000年后 Post-2000	2000年前 Pre-2000	2000年后 Post-2000	2000年前 Pre-2000	2000年后 Post-2000
PDSI	56.09	40.80	73.23	58.40	78.36	59.71
T+PDSI	58.06	40.39	45.22	60.36	77.94	59.23
T+VPD	65.48	37.12	74.35	60.63	79.61	61.78
P+PDSI	54.72	42.80	75.14	59.98	79.36	61.71
T+VPD+PDSI	60.05	39.03	76.05	62.36	78.79	60.14
P+T+RH+PDSI	58.19	44.33	78.27	63.90	80.80	63.14
P+T+RH+VPD+PDSI	60.14	42.54	79.00	65.89	81.99	63.67

表4 月平均气温对小叶杨胸高断面积增量(BAI)的影响

Table 4 Effect of monthly mean air temperature on basal area increment (BAI) for Populus simonii

月份 Month	BAI_n	BAI_m	BAI_s
1	0.18	0.24	0.26
2	<0.01^**	<0.01^**	<0.01^**
3	0.26	0.28	0.22
4	0.23	0.22	0.19
5	0.20	0.19	0.16
6	0.04^*	0.04^*	0.29
7	<0.01^**	<0.01^**	0.27
8	<0.01^**	<0.01^**	0.04^*
9	<0.01^**	<0.01^**	<0.01^**
10	0.11	0.05	0.01^*
11	0.20	0.23	0.20
12	0.06	0.01	0.12

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气候变化对不同退化程度小叶杨林分生长和内在水分利用效率的调节

Climate change regulate tree growth and intrinsic water use efficiency of Populus simonii at different levels of degradation

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