树木干旱死亡点预测及致死生理机制研究进展

doi:10.17521/cjpe.2023.0319

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

干旱导致树木死亡事件在全球范围内不断增加, 近年国内外对干旱诱导树木死亡的机制研究有很多报道, 然而引起这种死亡的确切机制还未完全明确, 这增加了准确预测森林在未来气候变化下存活几率的不确定性。该文从死亡点预测、干旱致死生理机制等角度, 综合分析了极端干旱事件诱发树木死亡的相关研究进展, 明确了树木死亡是多个生理过程综合作用的结果。另外, 以往通过视觉症状判断的死亡可能发生在树木死亡一段时间之后, 导致错过最佳复水时期, 使死亡无法避免。通过分析木质部栓塞程度、径向液流、细胞膜渗透率、形成层活性等生理变量在树木死亡过程的主要特征及发生的可能顺序, 提出形成层活性丧失使树木发生不可逆转的死亡。因此, 在探讨树木死亡机制时, 量化形成层活性丧失率, 对准确判断树木死亡时间至关重要, 是值得研究的领域。该文对树木干旱致死研究领域提出的相应问题和研究方向, 可为准确判断树木死亡事件并制定高效、适宜的应对未来气候变化的方案提供参考思路。

关键词: 极端干旱, 细胞损伤, 形成层活性, 径向液流, 树木死亡

Abstract:

With the global increase in tree mortality events caused by drought, there have been numerous reports on the mechanism of drought-induced tree mortality both domestically and internationally in recent years. However, the exact mechanism that causes tree mortality remains unclear, which increases the uncertainty of predicting the survival probability of forests under future climate changes. This review systematically analyzed the research progress related to tree death caused by extreme drought events, focusing the prediction of death point and physiological mechanism of drought-induced tree mortality. It highlighted that tree death was the result of multiple physiological processes. Furthermore, previous reports have shown that the death judged by visual symptoms may occur after the tree has already been dead for a period, leading to a lack of early warning signals and making the death inevitable. The review analyzed the main characteristics and possible sequence of physiological variables such as the degree of xylem embolism, radial flow, cell membrane permeability, and cambium activity in the process of drought-induced tree mortality. It suggests that the loss of cambium activity ultimately led to irreversible tree death. Therefore, when discussing the mechanism of drought-induced tree mortality, quantifying the loss rate of cambium activity is crucial for accurately determining the time of tree death, which is worth further studying. This paper also proposed relevant issues and research directions in the field of drought-induced tree mortality, providing reference ideas for accurately predicting tree death and formulating efficient and appropriate solutions to future climate change.

Key words: extreme drought, cell damage, cambium activity, radial flow, tree mortality

邵畅畅, 段洪浪, 赵熙州, 丁贵杰. 树木干旱死亡点预测及致死生理机制研究进展. 植物生态学报, 2025, 49(2): 221-231. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2023.0319

SHAO Chang-Chang, DUAN Hong-Lang, ZHAO Xi-Zhou, DING Gui-Jie. Research progress on the prediction of drought death point and the mechanism of drought- induced tree mortality. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2025, 49(2): 221-231. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2023.0319

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链接本文: https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/10.17521/cjpe.2023.0319

https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/Y2025/V49/I2/221

图/表 2

图1 木质部导管栓塞与修复情况图(纹孔类型以针叶树种为例)。A, 木质部管胞正常供水。B, 管胞出现栓塞。C, 栓塞管胞不能恢复水力功能。D, 栓塞管胞重新填充。E, 形成新的管胞。

Fig. 1 Dagram representing xylem embolism and repair (the type of pits as an example of conifer species). A, Normal water supply to xylem tracheids. B, Embolization of xylem tracheids. C, Embolized tracheids are unable to restore hydraulic function. D, Re-filling of embolized tracheids. E, Formation of new tracheids.

图2 树木在极端干旱事件下系列生理变化过程。红色斜线表示木质部栓塞以及水分运输停止, 蓝色斜线表示CO2同化停止以及有机物不可利用或运输失败。

Fig. 2 A series of physiological changes of trees under extreme drought events. Red diagonals indicate xylem embolism and the cessation of water transport, while blue diagonals represent the cessation of CO2 assimilation and the unavailability for organic matter or failure of organic matter transport. gs, stomatal conductance; RWC, relative water content; SWC, soil water content.

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