氮添加和增温对天山高寒草地群落性状的影响

doi:10.17521/cjpe.2024.0411

植物生态学报 ›› 2026, Vol. 50 ›› Issue (2): 417-428.DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2024.0411 cstr: 32100.14.cjpe.2024.0411

氮添加和增温对天山高寒草地群落性状的影响

张永军¹, 李敬东¹, 安琦¹, 洪翎桂¹, 任正炜³, 张蕊⁴, 周小龙¹^,²^,^*()

¹ 新疆大学生态与环境学院, 乌鲁木齐 830046
² 新疆大学绿洲生态教育部重点实验室, 乌鲁木齐 830046
³ 兰州大学生态学院, 兰州 730000
⁴ 新疆大学图书馆, 乌鲁木齐 830046

收稿日期:2024-11-18 接受日期:2025-02-26 出版日期:2026-02-28 发布日期:2026-04-01
通讯作者: *周小龙 (zhouxiaolong@xju.edu.cn)
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金(32460268);新疆维吾尔自治区自然科学基金(2024D01C33)

Effects of nitrogen addition and warming on community traits in an alpine grassland community of Tianshan Mountains

ZHANG Yong-Jun¹, LI Jing-Dong¹, AN Qi¹, HONG Ling-Gui¹, REN Zheng-Wei³, ZHANG Rui⁴, ZHOU Xiao-Long¹^,²^,^*()

¹ College of Ecology and Environment, Xinjiang University, Ürümqi 830046, China
² Key Laboratory of Oasis Ecology of Ministry Education, Xinjiang University, Ürümqi 830046, China
³ College of Ecology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
⁴ Library of Xinjiang University, Ürümqi 830046, China

Received:2024-11-18 Accepted:2025-02-26 Online:2026-02-28 Published:2026-04-01
Contact: *ZHOU Xiao-Long (zhouxiaolong@xju.edu.cn)
Supported by:
National Natural Science Foundation of China(32460268);Natural Science Foundation of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region(2024D01C33)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

研究植物功能性状对氮沉降和气温升高的响应对于理解环境变化背景下植物的生长与群落构建具有重要意义。然而, 关于氮沉降与气温升高对群落性状的影响差异与作用机制仍缺乏清晰的认识。为此, 该研究以位于天山南部的巴音布鲁克草原为研究对象, 通过设置氮添加和增温实验(10 g·m^-2和OTC开顶式增温装置), 测定了氮添加和增温对调查群落物种组成和5种功能性状(植株高度、叶面积、叶片碳含量、叶片氮含量及叶片磷含量)的影响, 探究了氮添加和增温对群落性状的影响规律与驱动机制。结果表明: 1)与对照相比, 氮添加后群落水平植株高度、叶片碳含量显著增加, 分别增加52.89%和28.65%, 叶片磷含量显著降低32.23%, 而叶面积和叶片氮含量均无显著变化。对植株高度而言, 氮添加后群落物种周转的相对贡献超过种内变异; 而在叶片化学性状(叶片碳含量、叶片氮含量及叶片磷含量)方面, 种内变异的影响显著大于物种周转。2)在增温处理中, 群落水平叶面积、叶片氮含量和叶片磷含量均显著降低, 与对照相比分别降低44.53%、25.07%、42.06%, 植株高度和叶片碳含量无显著变化。植株高度的变化主要由物种周转和种内变异的共变(covariation)引起; 在叶片形态(叶面积)和叶片化学性状(叶片碳含量、叶片氮含量及叶片磷含量)方面物种周转的影响远大于种内变异。3)增温+氮添加处理中, 群落水平叶片磷含量显著降低52.19%, 高度、叶面积、叶片碳含量和叶片氮含量都无显著变化。植株高度和叶片碳氮磷含量的变化主要受物种周转影响, 而叶面积受种内变异影响。研究表明, 氮沉降和增温可以通过不同的机制改变高寒草地群落的功能组成。氮沉降后, 种内性状变异通过增加个体间的功能差异, 增强了群落对环境变化的响应能力和稳定性; 增温和增温+氮添加条件下物种周转通过改变物种组成, 直接影响群落的物种多样性和结构, 从而显著影响天山高寒草地的群落功能。

关键词: 高寒草地, 功能性状, 种内性状变异, 物种周转

Abstract:

Aims The study of plant functional traits in response to nitrogen deposition and warming is crucial for understanding plant growth and community assembly under environmental change. However, the differential effects of nitrogen addition and warming on community traits, as well as the underlying mechanisms, remain unclear.

Methods This study was conducted in the Bayanbulak Grassland, located in the southern Tianshan Mountains. We set up an experimental design with warming (open-top chambers, OTC) and nitrogen addition (10 g·m^-2), and measured the effects of nitrogen addition and warming on community species composition and five functional traits (plant height, leaf area, leaf carbon content, leaf nitrogen content, and leaf phosphorus content). The aim was to explore the impact and mechanisms of nitrogen addition and warming on community-level functional traits.

Important findings 1) Compared to the control treatment, nitrogen addition significantly increased community-level plant height and leaf carbon content by 52.89% and 28.65%, respectively, while leaf phosphorus content decreased significantly by 32.23%. There were no significant changes in leaf area or leaf nitrogen content. For plant height, the relative contribution of species turnover to the community change was greater than that of intraspecific trait variability (ITV), whereas for leaf chemical traits (leaf carbon content, leaf nitrogen content, and leaf phosphorus content), ITV played a significantly larger role than species turnover. 2) Under warming, community-level leaf area, leaf nitrogen content, and leaf phosphorus content decreased significantly by 44.53%, 25.07%, and 42.06%, respectively, compared to the control. In contrast, plant height and leaf carbon content showed no significant changes. Changes in plant height were mainly driven by the covariation between species turnover and ITV, whereas for leaf morphology (leaf area) and leaf chemical traits (leaf carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus contents), species turnover had a much greater impact than ITV. 3) In the combined warming and nitrogen treatment, community-level leaf phosphorus content decreased significantly by 52.19%, with no significant changes in plant height, leaf area, leaf carbon content, or leaf nitrogen content. The changes in plant height and leaf carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus contents were primarily driven by species turnover, while leaf area was mainly influenced by ITV. This study suggests that nitrogen addition and warming can alter the functional composition of alpine meadow communities through different mechanisms. Following nitrogen addition, ITV increases functional variability among individuals, enhancing the community’s responsiveness and stability to environmental changes. Under warming treatment, alone or combined with nitrogen addition, species turnover influences the community by altering species composition, directly affecting species diversity and structures, thereby significantly impacting the community function in the alpine meadows of the Tianshan Mountains.

Key words: alpine grassland, functional trait, intraspecific trait variation, species turnover

张永军, 李敬东, 安琦, 洪翎桂, 任正炜, 张蕊, 周小龙. 氮添加和增温对天山高寒草地群落性状的影响. 植物生态学报, 2026, 50(2): 417-428. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2024.0411

ZHANG Yong-Jun, LI Jing-Dong, AN Qi, HONG Ling-Gui, REN Zheng-Wei, ZHANG Rui, ZHOU Xiao-Long. Effects of nitrogen addition and warming on community traits in an alpine grassland community of Tianshan Mountains. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2026, 50(2): 417-428. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2024.0411

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链接本文: https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/10.17521/cjpe.2024.0411

https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/Y2026/V50/I2/417

图/表 5

表1 氮添加和增温对天山高寒草地群落常见种的相对多度的影响

Table 1 Effects of nitrogen addition and warming on the relative abundance of common species in Tianshan alpine grassland communities

物种 Species	PFG	CK	N	W	WN	lg (N:C)	lg (W:C)	lg (WN:C)
草 Koeleria cristata	G	0.06	0.03	0.20	0.07	-0.30	0.52	0.04
草地早熟禾 Poa pratensis	G	0.03	0.05	0.02	0.02	0.22	-0.18	-0.19
冰草 Agropyron cristatum	G	0.08	0.13	0.07	0.22	0.21	-0.06	0.45
紫花针茅 Stipa purpurea	G	0.08	0.09	0.07	0.07	0.05	-0.06	-0.07
羊茅 Festuca ovina	G	0.01	0.07	0.16	0.04	0.85	1.20	0.64
细果薹草 Carex stenocarpa	G	0.04	0.16	0.14	0.15	0.60	0.54	0.58
二裂委陵菜 Potentilla bifurca	F	0.37	0.32	0.20	0.28	-0.06	-0.27	-0.12
莓叶委陵菜 Potentilla fragarioides	F	0.19	0.11	0.03	0.11	-0.24	-0.80	-0.24
小花棘豆 Oxytropis glabra	L	0.04	0.02	0.01	0.01	-0.30	-0.60	-0.68
斜茎黄耆 Astragalus adsurgens	L	0.09	0.03	0.08	0.03	-0.48	-0.06	-0.51

表2 氮添加和增温对天山高寒草地群落常见种的生物量的影响

Table 2 Effects of nitrogen addition and warming on the biomass of common species in alpine grasslands of the Tianshan Mountains

物种 Species	PFG	CK	N	W	WN	lg (N:C)	lg (W:C)	lg (WN:C)
草 Koeleria cristata	G	5.10	2.55	1.80	0.80	-0.30	-0.35	-0.80
草地早熟禾 Poa pratensis	G	0.65	0.94	0.68	0.01	0.16	0.02	-1.81
冰草 Agropyron cristatum	G	1.44	9.21	1.50	3.04	0.81	0.02	0.32
紫花针茅 Stipa purpurea	G	1.75	7.36	1.99	1.55	0.62	0.06	-0.05
羊茅 Festuca ovina	G	0.75	4.11	1.38	0.33	0.74	0.26	-0.36
细果薹草 Carex stenocarpa	G	0.18	1.91	0.16	0.92	1.02	-0.05	0.71
二裂委陵菜 Potentilla bifurca	F	2.96	3.85	0.58	4.85	0.11	-0.71	0.21
莓叶委陵菜 Potentilla fragarioides	F	7.48	3.02	0.35	1.21	-0.39	-1.33	-0.79
小花棘豆 Oxytropis glabra	L	1.01	0.52	0.24	0.95	-0.29	-0.63	-0.03
斜茎黄耆 Astragalus adsurgens	L	4.80	0.79	1.13	0.03	-0.78	-0.63	-2.20

图1 氮添加和增温对不同功能群多度和生物量的影响(平均值±标准误)。CK, 对照; N, 氮添加; W, 增温; WN, 增温+氮添加。不同小写字母表示不同处理间的差异显著(p < 0.05)。

Fig. 1 Effects of nitrogen addition and warming on the abundance and biomass of different functional groups (mean ± SE). CK, control; N, nitrogen addition; W, warming; WN, warming combined with nitrogen addition. Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences between different treatments (p < 0.05).

图2 氮添加(N)和增温(W)对群落性状的影响(平均值±标准误)。CK, 对照; N, 氮添加; W, 增温; WN, 增温+氮添加。不同小写字母表示不同处理间的差异显著(p < 0.05)。

Fig. 2 Effects of nitrogen addition and warming on community-level functional traits (mean ± SE). CK, control; N, nitrogen addition; W, warming; WN, warming combined with nitrogen addition. Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences between different treatments (p < 0.05).

图3 氮添加和增温中物种周转和种内变异对群落性状的相对贡献。ITV, 种内性状变异; neg_cov, 物种周转和种内性状变异产生负共变; pos_cov, 物种周转和种内变异产生正共变。N, 氮添加; W, 增温; WN, 增温+氮添加。H, 高度; LA, 叶面积; LCC, 叶片碳含量; LNC, 叶片氮含量; LPC, 叶片磷含量。

Fig. 3 Relative contributions of species turnover and intraspecific variation to community traits under nitrogen addition (N) and warming (W). ITV, intraspecific trait variation; neg_cov, species turnover exhibits a negative covariance with intraspecific trait variation; pos_cov, species turnover exhibits a positive covariance with intraspecific trait variation. N, nitrogen addition; W, warming; WN, warming combined with nitrogen addition. H, height; LA, leaf area; LCC, leaf carbon content; LNC, leaf nitrogen content; LPC, leaf phosphorus content.

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氮添加和增温对天山高寒草地群落性状的影响

Effects of nitrogen addition and warming on community traits in an alpine grassland community of Tianshan Mountains

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