南亚热带针阔混交人工林植物生物量比较及其影响因子分析

doi:10.17521/cjpe.2024.0398

植物生态学报 ›› 2026, Vol. 50 ›› Issue (2): 400-416.DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2024.0398 cstr: 32100.14.cjpe.2024.0398

南亚热带针阔混交人工林植物生物量比较及其影响因子分析

张静¹^,², 陈洁¹^,^*(), 李艳朋¹, 盘李军³, 许涵¹, 李意德¹, 何海生³

¹ 中国林业科学研究院热带林业研究所, 广州 510520
² 东北林业大学林学院, 哈尔滨 150040
³ 佛山云勇林场, 广东佛山 528518

收稿日期:2024-11-05 接受日期:2025-04-08 出版日期:2026-02-28 发布日期:2026-04-01
通讯作者: *陈洁 (chenjiecaf@hotmail.com)
基金资助:
广东省林业科技创新项目(2022KJCX022);中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项(CAFYBB2020QB003)

Comparison of plant biomass in conifer and broadleaf mixed artificial forests in south subtropical area and analyses of influential factors

ZHANG Jing¹^,², CHEN Jie¹^,^*(), LI Yan-Peng¹, PAN Li-Jun³, XU Han¹, LI Yi-De¹, HE Hai-Sheng³

¹ Research Institute of Tropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Guangzhou 510520, China
² College of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
³ Foshan Yunyong Forest Farm, Foshan, Guangdong 528518, China

Received:2024-11-05 Accepted:2025-04-08 Online:2026-02-28 Published:2026-04-01
Contact: *CHEN Jie (chenjiecaf@hotmail.com)
Supported by:
Guangdong Province Forestry Science and Technology Innovation Project(2022KJCX022);Central Public-interest Scientific Institution Basal Research Fund, China(CAFYBB2020QB003)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

热带亚热带是我国人工林分布的重要区域, 明确该区域内典型人工林林分生物量现状及其影响因子有利于揭示人工林生产力的限制性因素, 为人工林经营管理提供理论指导。该研究以广东省佛山市云勇林场内由杉木(Cunninghamia lanceolata)纯林改造形成的针阔混交林为对象, 对比了恢复初期(8-16年)不同树种配置模式之间人工林植物各器官生物量以及总生物量的差异; 解析了不同树种配置模式下, 土壤理化性质和群落水平植物功能性状的变化; 分析了树种配置模式、土壤性质及植物性状对生物量变异的相对贡献及影响路径, 探讨了南亚热带人工林生物量变化的关键驱动因子。主要结果: 研究发现植物各器官生物量以及总生物量均随树种配置模式的变化而存在显著差异。树种配置模式主要通过调节植物叶片功能性状和土壤养分含量间接影响植物生物量, 其中叶片功能性状对树叶和树枝生物量的影响较大, 而土壤养分含量的差异是导致树干、树根以及总生物量变化的主要因子。具体地, 具有较高叶片氮磷比和叶片功能多样性的树种配置模式群落生物量较高。土壤总磷含量增加对群落生物量的增长具有显著的促进作用, 而土壤总钾含量过多却会抑制生物量的增长。该文初步比较了不同树种配置模式下, 叶片功能性状和土壤理化性质对南亚热带典型针阔混交人工林植被生物量的相对影响, 并解析了各器官及总生物量的关键影响因子, 为南亚热带人工林植被恢复、经营与管理提供了理论支撑。

关键词: 林分生物量, 针阔混交林, 树种配置, 功能性状, 土壤养分, 植被恢复

Abstract:

Aims Tropical and subtropical areas are hotspots for the distribution of artificial forests in our country. Clarifying the status and influential factors of plant biomass in typically mixed artificial forests in these areas is important. This can help to uncover the limiting factors for stand productivity and guide the management of artificial forests.

Methods In this study, we selected a conifer-broadleaf mixed forest in Yunyong forestry station located in Foshan, Guangdong. This forest was transformed from a Chinese fir plantation. First, we compared the difference in biomass of each plant organ among tree species configuration modes at the early recovery stage (8-16 a). Second, the shifts in soil physicochemical properties and community-level plant functional traits under different conditions of tree species configuration were characterized. Finally, we explored the relative contributions of tree species configuration, soil properties and plant leaf traits to variations in plant biomass, and evaluated their influential pathways. Based on these analyses, we aimed to evaluate the key influential factors for plant biomass in artificial forests in south subtropical areas.

Important findings Our results showed that both plant and organ biomass differed significantly under different tree species configuration modes. Tree species configurations affected plant biomass mainly via regulating leaf functional traits and soil nutrient content. Moreover, leaf functional traits had greater influence on foliage and branch biomass, while the variation in soil nutrient content was the main factor driving the changes in truck, roots and total plant biomass. Specifically, tree species configurations characterized by a higher ratio of leaf nitrogen (N) : phosphorus (P) and a higher functional diversity had greater biomass in plant communities. An increase in soil total P content significantly promoted the increase in plant biomass, while an excess in soil total potassium would suppress the growth in biomass. This study compared the relative effects of leaf functional traits and soil nutrient content on plant biomass in the typically mixed artificial stands in south subtropical forests, and explored the key influential factors for the biomass in total and in each organ. These results provided the theoretical bases for restoration, operation and management of the artificial forests in south subtropical areas.

Key words: stand biomass, conifer-broadleaf mixed forest, tree species configuration, functional trait, soil nutrient, vegetation restoration

张静, 陈洁, 李艳朋, 盘李军, 许涵, 李意德, 何海生. 南亚热带针阔混交人工林植物生物量比较及其影响因子分析. 植物生态学报, 2026, 50(2): 400-416. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2024.0398

ZHANG Jing, CHEN Jie, LI Yan-Peng, PAN Li-Jun, XU Han, LI Yi-De, HE Hai-Sheng. Comparison of plant biomass in conifer and broadleaf mixed artificial forests in south subtropical area and analyses of influential factors. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2026, 50(2): 400-416. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2024.0398

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图/表 7

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模式 Mode	树种配置 Species composition	修复年限 Recovery year (a)	树高 Tree height (m)	物种数 No. of species	个体数 No. of individuals	胸径 Diameter at breast height (cm)	杉木个体数占比 Proportion of No. of Chinese fir individuals (%)
M1	米老排、桂南木莲、樟树、阴香、长芒杜英、枫香、盆架树 Mytilaria laosensis, Manglietia conifera, Cinnamomum camphora, Cinnamomum burmanni, Elaeocarpus rugosus, Liquidambar formosana, Winchia calophylla	13	6.39 ± 0.65	15.00 ± 4.36	187.00 ± 44.31	8.15 ± 0.23	37.22 ± 7.59
M2	观光木、降香黄檀、樟树、桂南木莲、非洲楝、红锥 Michelia odora, Dalbergia odorifera, Cinnamomum camphora, Mangletia glauca, Khaya senegalensis, Castanopsis hystrix	9	6.93 ± 0.32	16.67 ± 0.58	130.00 ± 2.00	7.31 ± 0.24	51.62 ± 8.80
M3	红锥、非洲楝、黧蒴锥、阴香、杨梅、山杜英、海南红豆 Castanopsis hystrix, Khaya senegalensis, Castanopsis fissa, Cinnamomum burmanni, Myrica rubra, Elaeocarpus sylvestris, Ormosia pinnata	14	6.66 ± 0.67	12.67 ± 4.04	76.00 ± 23.00	8.12 ± 1.09	33.96 ± 10.30
M4	红锥、非洲楝、黧蒴锥、阴香、红花荷、山杜英、木荷、壳菜果 Castanopsis hystrix, Khaya senegalensis, Castanopsis fissa, Cinnamomum burmanni, Rhodoleia championii, Elaeocarpus sylvestris, Schima superba, Mytilaria laosensis	13	7.95 ± 0.33	15.33 ± 5.69	101.33 ± 25.58	10.31 ± 0.08	41.79 ± 5.54
M5	人面子、格木、阴香、降香黄檀、醉香含笑、苦梓、任豆、铁刀木 Dracontomelon duperreanum, Erythrophleum fordii, Cinnamomum burmanni, Dalbergia odorifera, Michelia macclurei, Gmelina hainanensis, Zenia insignis, Cassia siamea	13	8.53 ± 0.28	9.00 ± 0.00	88.00 ± 26.06	10.42 ± 0.80	47.32 ± 7.77
M6	枫香、乌桕、喜树、黧蒴锥、楝叶吴萸、山杜英 Liquidambar formosana, Sapium sebiferum, Camptotheca acuminata, Castanopsis fissa, Evodia glabrifolia, Elaeocarpus sylvestris	8	5.73 ± 0.12	14.67 ± 0.58	126.67 ± 34.70	6.63 ± 0.14	54.30 ± 1.96
M7	凤凰木、西南木荷、醉香含笑、木荷、海南蒲桃、大花紫薇、红花羊蹄甲 Delonix regia, Schima wallichii, Michelia macclurei, Schima superba, Syzygium hainanense, Lagerstroemia speciosa, Bauhinia blakeana	16	6.88 ± 0.06	7.33 ± 2.52	136.33 ± 27.61	9.51 ± 0.50	25.83 ± 2.59
M8	枫香、观光木、醉香含笑、壳菜果、山杜英、黧蒴锥、阴香、格木 Liquidambar formosana, Tsoongiodendron odorum, Michelia macclurei, Mytilaria laosensis, Elaeocarpus sylvestris, Castanopsis fissa, Cinnamomum burmanni, Erythrophleum fordii	15	7.88 ± 0.36	14.33 ± 2.08	262.33 ± 9.29	8.65 ± 0.58	19.57 ± 7.28
M9	毛果青冈、樟树、阴香、香椿、木荷、红锥、醉香含笑 Cyclobalanopsis patelliformis, Cinnamomum camphora, Cinnamomum burmanni, Toona sinensis, Schima superba, Castanopsis hystrix, Michelia macclurei	9	5.78 ± 0.13	13.33 ± 1.53	220.67 ± 37.69	6.79 ± 0.35	65.71 ± 3.36
M10	铁刀木、黧蒴锥、樟树、格木、降香黄檀、醉香含笑、非洲楝、红锥、任豆、桂南木莲 Cassia siamea, Castanopsis fissa, Cinnamomum camphora, Erythrophleum fordii, Dalbergia odorifera, Michelia macclurei, Khaya senegalensis, Castanopsis hystrix, Zenia insignis, Mangletia glauca	14	7.81 ± 0.04	19.33 ± 0.67	150.00 ± 1.53	12.23 ± 1.53	56.06 ± 5.05
M11	红花荷、木棉、醉香含笑、盆架树、火焰树、朱槿 Rhodoleia championii, Bombax malabaricum, Michelia macclurei, Winchia calophylla, Spathodea campanulate, Hibiscus rosa-sinensis	15	10.66 ± 1.03	9.67 ± 2.91	97.33 ± 29.87	5.43 ± 0.15	69.05 ± 8.26

模式 Mode	树种配置 Species composition	修复年限 Recovery year (a)	树高 Tree height (m)	物种数 No. of species	个体数 No. of individuals	胸径 Diameter at breast height (cm)	杉木个体数占比 Proportion of No. of Chinese fir individuals (%)
M1	米老排、桂南木莲、樟树、阴香、长芒杜英、枫香、盆架树 Mytilaria laosensis, Manglietia conifera, Cinnamomum camphora, Cinnamomum burmanni, Elaeocarpus rugosus, Liquidambar formosana, Winchia calophylla	13	6.39 ± 0.65	15.00 ± 4.36	187.00 ± 44.31	8.15 ± 0.23	37.22 ± 7.59
M2	观光木、降香黄檀、樟树、桂南木莲、非洲楝、红锥 Michelia odora, Dalbergia odorifera, Cinnamomum camphora, Mangletia glauca, Khaya senegalensis, Castanopsis hystrix	9	6.93 ± 0.32	16.67 ± 0.58	130.00 ± 2.00	7.31 ± 0.24	51.62 ± 8.80
M3	红锥、非洲楝、黧蒴锥、阴香、杨梅、山杜英、海南红豆 Castanopsis hystrix, Khaya senegalensis, Castanopsis fissa, Cinnamomum burmanni, Myrica rubra, Elaeocarpus sylvestris, Ormosia pinnata	14	6.66 ± 0.67	12.67 ± 4.04	76.00 ± 23.00	8.12 ± 1.09	33.96 ± 10.30
M4	红锥、非洲楝、黧蒴锥、阴香、红花荷、山杜英、木荷、壳菜果 Castanopsis hystrix, Khaya senegalensis, Castanopsis fissa, Cinnamomum burmanni, Rhodoleia championii, Elaeocarpus sylvestris, Schima superba, Mytilaria laosensis	13	7.95 ± 0.33	15.33 ± 5.69	101.33 ± 25.58	10.31 ± 0.08	41.79 ± 5.54
M5	人面子、格木、阴香、降香黄檀、醉香含笑、苦梓、任豆、铁刀木 Dracontomelon duperreanum, Erythrophleum fordii, Cinnamomum burmanni, Dalbergia odorifera, Michelia macclurei, Gmelina hainanensis, Zenia insignis, Cassia siamea	13	8.53 ± 0.28	9.00 ± 0.00	88.00 ± 26.06	10.42 ± 0.80	47.32 ± 7.77
M6	枫香、乌桕、喜树、黧蒴锥、楝叶吴萸、山杜英 Liquidambar formosana, Sapium sebiferum, Camptotheca acuminata, Castanopsis fissa, Evodia glabrifolia, Elaeocarpus sylvestris	8	5.73 ± 0.12	14.67 ± 0.58	126.67 ± 34.70	6.63 ± 0.14	54.30 ± 1.96
M7	凤凰木、西南木荷、醉香含笑、木荷、海南蒲桃、大花紫薇、红花羊蹄甲 Delonix regia, Schima wallichii, Michelia macclurei, Schima superba, Syzygium hainanense, Lagerstroemia speciosa, Bauhinia blakeana	16	6.88 ± 0.06	7.33 ± 2.52	136.33 ± 27.61	9.51 ± 0.50	25.83 ± 2.59
M8	枫香、观光木、醉香含笑、壳菜果、山杜英、黧蒴锥、阴香、格木 Liquidambar formosana, Tsoongiodendron odorum, Michelia macclurei, Mytilaria laosensis, Elaeocarpus sylvestris, Castanopsis fissa, Cinnamomum burmanni, Erythrophleum fordii	15	7.88 ± 0.36	14.33 ± 2.08	262.33 ± 9.29	8.65 ± 0.58	19.57 ± 7.28
M9	毛果青冈、樟树、阴香、香椿、木荷、红锥、醉香含笑 Cyclobalanopsis patelliformis, Cinnamomum camphora, Cinnamomum burmanni, Toona sinensis, Schima superba, Castanopsis hystrix, Michelia macclurei	9	5.78 ± 0.13	13.33 ± 1.53	220.67 ± 37.69	6.79 ± 0.35	65.71 ± 3.36
M10	铁刀木、黧蒴锥、樟树、格木、降香黄檀、醉香含笑、非洲楝、红锥、任豆、桂南木莲 Cassia siamea, Castanopsis fissa, Cinnamomum camphora, Erythrophleum fordii, Dalbergia odorifera, Michelia macclurei, Khaya senegalensis, Castanopsis hystrix, Zenia insignis, Mangletia glauca	14	7.81 ± 0.04	19.33 ± 0.67	150.00 ± 1.53	12.23 ± 1.53	56.06 ± 5.05
M11	红花荷、木棉、醉香含笑、盆架树、火焰树、朱槿 Rhodoleia championii, Bombax malabaricum, Michelia macclurei, Winchia calophylla, Spathodea campanulate, Hibiscus rosa-sinensis	15	10.66 ± 1.03	9.67 ± 2.91	97.33 ± 29.87	5.43 ± 0.15	69.05 ± 8.26

树种 Tree species	树干生物量 Stem biomass (kg)	树枝生物量 Branch biomass (kg)	树叶生物量 Leaf biomass (kg)	树根生物量 Root biomass (kg)
杉木 Cunninghamia lanceolata	W = 0.0556D^2.3579	W = 0.0198D^2.1333	W = 0.0070D^1.5090	W = 0.3366D^1.1952
木荷 Schima superba	W = 0.0310D^2.7140	W = 0.2120D^1.6440	W = 0.0181D^1.9945	W = 0.0310D^2.2582
黧蒴锥 Castanopsis fissa	W = 0.153D^2.2007	W = 0.0117D^2.7605	W = 0.0133D^2.3320	W = 0.0255D^2.3650
山杜英 Elaeocarpus sylvestris	W = 0.0367D^2.6863	W = 0.0058D^3.1688	W = 0.0227D^1.8112	W = 0.0175D^2.5561
樟树 Cinnamomum camphora	W = 0.119122D^2.1521	W = 0.015418D^2.7002	W = 0.095227D^1.4724	W = 0.157486D^1.7732
阔叶树 Broadleaf forest	W = 0.1098D^2.2797	W = 0.0130D^2.6923	W = 0.0144D^2.2200	W = 0.0422D^2.2333

树种 Tree species	树干生物量 Stem biomass (kg)	树枝生物量 Branch biomass (kg)	树叶生物量 Leaf biomass (kg)	树根生物量 Root biomass (kg)
杉木 Cunninghamia lanceolata	W = 0.0556D^2.3579	W = 0.0198D^2.1333	W = 0.0070D^1.5090	W = 0.3366D^1.1952
木荷 Schima superba	W = 0.0310D^2.7140	W = 0.2120D^1.6440	W = 0.0181D^1.9945	W = 0.0310D^2.2582
黧蒴锥 Castanopsis fissa	W = 0.153D^2.2007	W = 0.0117D^2.7605	W = 0.0133D^2.3320	W = 0.0255D^2.3650
山杜英 Elaeocarpus sylvestris	W = 0.0367D^2.6863	W = 0.0058D^3.1688	W = 0.0227D^1.8112	W = 0.0175D^2.5561
樟树 Cinnamomum camphora	W = 0.119122D^2.1521	W = 0.015418D^2.7002	W = 0.095227D^1.4724	W = 0.157486D^1.7732
阔叶树 Broadleaf forest	W = 0.1098D^2.2797	W = 0.0130D^2.6923	W = 0.0144D^2.2200	W = 0.0422D^2.2333

南亚热带针阔混交人工林植物生物量比较及其影响因子分析

Comparison of plant biomass in conifer and broadleaf mixed artificial forests in south subtropical area and analyses of influential factors

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