一年蓬入侵对亚高山泥炭湿地植物群落结构与多样性的影响

doi:10.17521/cjpe.2025.0282

植物生态学报 ›› 2026, Vol. 50 ›› Issue (4): 895-906.DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2025.0282 cstr: 32100.14.cjpe.2025.0282

一年蓬入侵对亚高山泥炭湿地植物群落结构与多样性的影响

何青¹^,², 袁旭东¹^,², 任博申¹^,², 冯治洋¹^,², 鲁梦珍¹^,², 林巧玲¹^,², 姜庆虎¹^,^*(), 杨林森³^,⁴, 余辉亮³^,⁴, 姚辉³^,⁴, 杨敬元³^,⁴, 刘峰¹, 江明喜¹

¹ 湿地演化与生态恢复湖北省重点实验室, 中国科学院武汉植物园, 武汉 430074
² 中国科学院大学, 北京 100049
³ 神农架国家公园科学研究院, 湖北神农架 442421
⁴ 神农架金丝猴保育生物学湖北省重点实验室, 湖北神农架 442421

收稿日期:2025-07-29 接受日期:2025-12-13 出版日期:2026-04-20 发布日期:2026-06-25
通讯作者: ^*姜庆虎(jiangqh@wbgcas.cn)

Effects of Erigeron annuus invasion on plant community structure and diversity in subalpine peat wetlands

HE Qing¹^,², YUAN Xu-Dong¹^,², REN Bo-Shen¹^,², FENG Zhi-Yang¹^,², LU Meng-Zhen¹^,², LIN Qiao-Ling¹^,², JIANG Qing-Hu¹^,^*(), YANG Lin-Sen³^,⁴, YU Hui-Liang³^,⁴, YAO Hui³^,⁴, YANG Jing-Yuan³^,⁴, LIU Feng¹, JIANG Ming-Xi¹

¹ Hubei Key Laboratory of Wetland Evolution & Ecological Restoration, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, China
² University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
³ Science Research Institute of Shennongjia National Park, Shennongjia, Hubei 442421, China
⁴ Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory for Conservation Biology of Shennongjia Snub-nosed Monkeys, Shennongjia, Hubei 442421, China

Received:2025-07-29 Accepted:2025-12-13 Online:2026-04-20 Published:2026-06-25
Contact: ^*JIANG Qing-Hu(jiangqh@wbgcas.cn)

1. 附录神农架大九湖泥炭湿地样地物种的平均重要值.pdf(272KB)

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 泥炭湿地是全球重要的碳库与生物多样性热点区域, 对外来植物入侵尤为敏感。该研究以神农架大九湖亚高山泥炭湿地为对象, 旨在揭示一年蓬(Erigeron annuus)入侵对植物群落结构和多样性的影响, 分析其生态效应及潜在机制。通过设置入侵与对照样地, 开展植物群落调查, 分析物种组成(功能群)及11项土壤因子, 结合α和β多样性等指标, 综合评估入侵效应。结果表明, 入侵导致禾本科与灯芯草科植物衰退, 菊科与部分豆科、唇形科植物扩张。在组间比较尺度上, 入侵样地原有优势种衰退, 物种丰度分布趋于均衡, 表现为Shannon-Wiener多样性指数和Pielou均匀度指数的显著升高, 而物种丰富度无显著差异。但在入侵样地内部, 随着一年蓬优势度的持续提升, 群落物种组成逐渐向一年蓬及少数伴生种集中, 物种丰度分布失衡, 导致Shannon-Wiener多样性指数、Pielou均匀度指数和物种丰富度显著下降, Simpson优势度指数显著上升, 整体α多样性水平呈实质性衰退。β多样性分析表明, 入侵降低了物种周转与群落空间异质性, 使物种组成与功能结构趋同。土壤环境分析揭示, 一年蓬偏好低水分、低养分生境, 并可能通过植物-土壤反馈机制改变土壤微环境, 抑制湿生植物生长并影响群落演替方向。该研究揭示了一年蓬入侵驱动的亚高山泥炭湿地群落结构重组与功能退化规律, 明确了建立长期监测体系及制定针对性防控策略的必要性, 为亚高山泥炭湿地入侵管理提供理论支撑。

关键词: 神农架, 大九湖, 植物入侵, 物种多样性, 物种组成

Abstract:

Aims Peat wetlands are globally significant carbon sinks and biodiversity hotspots that are particularly sensitive to alien plant invasions. This study focuses on the subalpine peat wetlands of Dajiuhu in Shennongjia, aiming to reveal the impacts of the invasion of Erigeron annuus on the structure and diversity of plant communities, and to analyze the underlying ecological effects and mechanisms.

Methods The effects of invasion were comprehensively assessed by setting up paired invasion and control plots, conducting plant community surveys, analyzing species composition (functional groups) and 11 soil factors, and integrating indicators such as α and β diversity metrics.

Important findings The results showed that invasion led to decline in Poaceae and Juncaceae species, while Asteraceae, some Fabaceae, and Lamiaceae species expanded. Comparisons between invaded and control plots revealed that the dominance of previously dominant native species decreased in invaded plots, resulting in a more even distribution of species abundance. This was reflected in significant increases in the Shannon-Wiener diversity and Pielou evenness indices, while species richness showed no significant difference. However, within the invaded plots, as the dominance of E. annuus gradually increased, community composition became increasingly dominated by E. annuus and a few associated species, leading to an uneven distribution of species abundance. Consequently, Shannon-Wiener diversity and Pielou evenness indices, and species richness all decreased significantly, while the Simpson dominance index increased significantly, reflecting a substantial decline in overall α diversity. β diversity analysis showed that invasion significantly reduced species turnover and community spatial heterogeneity, leading to homogenization of species composition and functional structure. Soil environmental analysis showed that E. annuus prefers habitats with low moisture and nutrients, potentially altering the soil microenvironment through plant-soil feedback mechanisms, thereby further inhibiting wetland plants and affecting community succession trajectories. This study demonstrates the structural reorganization and functional degradation of subalpine peat wetland communities driven by E. annuus invasion, highlights the necessity of establishing long-term monitoring systems and formulating targeted prevention and control strategies, and provides theoretical support for invasive species management in subalpine peat wetlands.

Key words: Shennongjia, Dajiuhu, plant invasion, species diversity, species composition

何青, 袁旭东, 任博申, 冯治洋, 鲁梦珍, 林巧玲, 姜庆虎, 杨林森, 余辉亮, 姚辉, 杨敬元, 刘峰, 江明喜. 一年蓬入侵对亚高山泥炭湿地植物群落结构与多样性的影响. 植物生态学报, 2026, 50(4): 895-906. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2025.0282

HE Qing, YUAN Xu-Dong, REN Bo-Shen, FENG Zhi-Yang, LU Meng-Zhen, LIN Qiao-Ling, JIANG Qing-Hu, YANG Lin-Sen, YU Hui-Liang, YAO Hui, YANG Jing-Yuan, LIU Feng, JIANG Ming-Xi. Effects of Erigeron annuus invasion on plant community structure and diversity in subalpine peat wetlands. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2026, 50(4): 895-906. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2025.0282

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链接本文: https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/10.17521/cjpe.2025.0282

https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/Y2026/V50/I4/895

图/表 5

表1 样地主要物种的平均重要值

Table 1 Average importance values of the main species across sample plots

物种 Species	科 Family	编号 Code	平均重要值 Average importance value (%)
物种 Species	科 Family	编号 Code	对照样地 Control plot	入侵样地 Invasion plot
香青 Anaphalis sinica	菊科 Asteraceae	AS	5.32	6.21
野艾蒿 Artemisia lavandulifolia	菊科 Asteraceae	ARL	7.69	11.40
大狼耙草 Bidens frondosa	菊科 Asteraceae	BF	1.96	7.14
一年蓬 Erigeron annuus	菊科 Asteraceae	EN	0.41	20.81
小花剪股颖 Agrostis micrantha	禾本科 Poaceae	AM	15.77	5.34
拂子茅 Calamagrostis epigejos	禾本科 Poaceae	CE	13.86	0.49
酸模叶蓼 Persicaria lapathifolia	蓼科 Polygonaceae	PL	4.38	5.40
白车轴草 Trifolium repens	豆科 Fabaceae	TR	2.81	8.51
东方草莓 Fragaria orientalis	蔷薇科 Rosaceae	FO	2.41	5.05
三叶委陵菜 Potentilla freyniana	蔷薇科 Rosaceae	PF	5.13	-
分枝灯芯草 Juncus luzuliformis	灯芯草科 Juncaceae	JL	6.05	3.06

图1 对照样地与入侵样地的功能群重要值。*, p < 0.05; **, p < 0.01; ***, p < 0.001。

Fig. 1 Comparison of the important values of functional groups between control and invaded plots. *, p < 0.05; **, p < 0.01; ***, p < 0.001.

图2 对照样地和入侵样地的物种多样性指数(平均值±标准差)。*, p < 0.05; **, p < 0.01。

Fig. 2 Species diversity index for control and invasion plots (mean ± SD). *, p < 0.05; **, p < 0.01.

图3 一年蓬重要值与物种多样性指数的回归拟合。

Fig. 3 Regression fitting of the importance value of Erigeron annuus with species diversity index.

图4 植物群落组成的非度量多维尺度(NMDS)排序及土壤因子拟合结果。pH, 土壤酸碱度; SM, 土壤含水率; SOC, 土壤有机碳含量; TN, 全氮含量; TP, 全磷含量。物种编码详见附录。

Fig. 4 Non-metric multidimensional scaling (NMDS) ranking and soil factor fitting results for plant community composition. pH, soil potential of hydrogen; SM, soil moisture; SOC, soil organic carbon content; TN, total nitrogen content; TP, total phosphorus content. The species abbreviations are given in Supplement.

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一年蓬入侵对亚高山泥炭湿地植物群落结构与多样性的影响

Effects of Erigeron annuus invasion on plant community structure and diversity in subalpine peat wetlands

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