辽东山区主要阔叶树种叶片养分含量和再吸收对落叶时间的影响

doi:10.17521/cjpe.2018.0041

植物生态学报 ›› 2018, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (5): 573-584.DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2018.0041

辽东山区主要阔叶树种叶片养分含量和再吸收对落叶时间的影响

申奥^1,^2,³,朱教君^1,^2,^*(),闫涛^1,^2,³,卢德亮^1,^2,³,杨凯^1,²

1 中国科学院沈阳应用生态研究所, 中国科学院森林生态与管理重点实验室, 沈阳 110016
2 中国科学院清原森林生态系统观测研究站, 沈阳 110016
3 中国科学院大学, 北京 100049

收稿日期:2018-02-12 修回日期:2018-05-09 出版日期:2018-05-20 发布日期:2018-07-20
通讯作者: 朱教君
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金(31330016);国家自然科学基金(31570600)

Effects of leaf nutrient concentration and resorption on leaf falling time of dominant broadleaved species in a montane region of eastern Liaoning Province, China

SHEN Ao^1,^2,³,ZHU Jiao-Jun^1,^2,^*(),YAN Tao^1,^2,³,LU De-Liang^1,^2,³,YANG Kai^1,²

1 Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Management, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
2 Qingyuan Forest Chinese Ecosystem Research Network, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
3 University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China

Received:2018-02-12 Revised:2018-05-09 Online:2018-05-20 Published:2018-07-20
Contact: Jiao-Jun ZHU
Supported by:
Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China.(31330016);Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China.(31570600)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

凋落物是森林生态系统养分的重要来源, 叶片脱落时间是影响其分解的关键因素。东北温带森林中蒙古栎(Quercus mongolica)落叶时间较其他树种晚, 在山脊等贫瘠立地叶片甚至第二年春天才脱落。我们假设: 相对于其他树种, 蒙古栎叶片养分元素含量过高、再吸收时间长, 导致叶片延迟脱落。为验证假设, 除蒙古栎外, 选择了落叶时间居中的色木槭(Acer mono)和落叶较早的胡桃楸(Juglans mandshurica)为对象, 持续监测叶片从成熟至凋落过程中叶片养分元素含量, 包括大量元素: 氮(N)、磷(P)、钾(K)、钙(Ca)和镁(Mg), 微量元素: 铁(Fe)、铜(Cu)、锰(Mn)和锌(Zn); 并分析养分再吸收率。结果表明: 蒙古栎成熟叶养分元素含量介于对照树种之间; 凋落叶N、P和K含量低于对照树种, Fe和Mn含量高于对照树种, 其余元素含量介于对照树种之间。该结果不支持“蒙古栎叶片养分含量过高”假设。蒙古栎叶片N、P和K再吸收率高于对照树种, 再吸收率高低与其落叶时间完全一致; 叶片Cu和Zn再吸收率与对照树种无显著差异; 叶片其余元素未发生再吸收, 其累积率与对照树种无显著差异; 说明养分再吸收与养分含量无关, 可能与树种的种专一性相关, 可能会影响叶片脱落时间。由于蒙古栎多生长在贫瘠土壤, 其成熟叶无法积累更多养分; 为避免叶片脱落后养分进入土壤被其他物种利用, 将养分尽量回收储存于自身, 即蒙古栎叶片养分再吸收过程较长, 叶片脱落较晚。生长在极端贫瘠立地的蒙古栎叶片次年春天才落叶, 可能是由于再吸收一直在进行, 来不及脱落而保留至新生长季开始。落叶晚的树种养分再吸收率高、有利于自身养分保存, 更能适应贫瘠土壤, 反之亦然。

关键词: 叶片养分含量, 养分再吸收率, 叶片凋落时间, 阔叶树种

Abstract:

Aims Litter is an important source of nutrient in forest ecosystems, and its decomposition rate has a significant impact on soil nutrient supply. Previous observations indicated that different leaf falling time resulted in different litter decomposition rates. We found that the leaf falling time of Quercus mongolica was later than that of other tree species, especially in the barren soil. However, it is not yet clear why the leaves of Q. mongolica fall later. We hypothesized that the leaves of Q. mongolica had higher nutrient concentration, and longer time for resorption, which could lead to the later time of leaf falling.

Methods We continuously measured N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Cu, Fe, Mn and Zn concentrations in leaves of three tree species (Q. mongolica, the leaf falling time is the last; Juglans mandshurica, the leaf falling time is the earliest, Acer mono, the leaf falling time is in between Q. mongolica and J. mandshurica) from leaf maturity (August) to litter fall (October) in a montane region of eastern Liaoning Province. We analyzed leaf nutrient concentrations and resorption efficiencies of each species.

Important findings The nutrient concentrations in mature leaves of Q. mongolica are similar to those of other tree species. N, P and K concentrations in the litter of Q. mongolica were significantly lower than those of other species (p < 0.05), and the resorption efficiencies were generally consistent with the leaf falling time. These findings did not support the hypothesis that leaves of Q. mongolica have higher nutrient concentrations than other species. The resorption efficiencies of N, P and K did not influence leaf nutrient concentrations, but were directly related to the biological characteristics of tree species. The leaves of Q. mongolica fall later, which might be due to the high adaptability of Q. mongolica to the barren soil. Although the mature leaves could not accumulate more nutrients from barren soil, they increased the nutrient use efficiency by prolonging the nutrient resorption time. We inferred that leaves with higher nutrient resorption efficiency would fall later, because of greater nutrient storage such as Q. mongolica, which is better adapted to barren soil than other tree species. On the contrary, trees with lower nutrient resorption efficiency generally grow better in the fertile soil, such as J. mandshurica.

Key words: nutrient concentration in leaf, nutrient resorption efficiency, leaf falling time, broadleaved species

申奥, 朱教君, 闫涛, 卢德亮, 杨凯. 辽东山区主要阔叶树种叶片养分含量和再吸收对落叶时间的影响. 植物生态学报, 2018, 42(5): 573-584. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2018.0041

SHEN Ao, ZHU Jiao-Jun, YAN Tao, LU De-Liang, YANG Kai. Effects of leaf nutrient concentration and resorption on leaf falling time of dominant broadleaved species in a montane region of eastern Liaoning Province, China. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2018, 42(5): 573-584. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2018.0041

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图/表 8

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林型 Forest type	密度 Stem density (tree·hm^-2)	胸径 DBH (cm)	坡向 Aspect (°)	坡度 Slope (°)	坡位 Slope position
次生林1 Secondary forest 1 (SF1)	1425	23.0 ± 4.4	274	42	中坡 Middle slope
次生林2 Secondary forest 2 (SF2)	2050	21.4 ± 2.4	200	40	中坡 Middle slope
次生林3 Secondary forest 3 (SF3)	1500	22.6 ± 2.8	349	35	中坡 Middle slope
次生林4 Secondary forest 4 (SF4)	1700	25.3 ± 2.2	213	45	中坡 Middle slope

林型 Forest type	密度 Stem density (tree·hm^-2)	胸径 DBH (cm)	坡向 Aspect (°)	坡度 Slope (°)	坡位 Slope position
次生林1 Secondary forest 1 (SF1)	1425	23.0 ± 4.4	274	42	中坡 Middle slope
次生林2 Secondary forest 2 (SF2)	2050	21.4 ± 2.4	200	40	中坡 Middle slope
次生林3 Secondary forest 3 (SF3)	1500	22.6 ± 2.8	349	35	中坡 Middle slope
次生林4 Secondary forest 4 (SF4)	1700	25.3 ± 2.2	213	45	中坡 Middle slope

	蒙古栎 Querus mongolica		色木槭 Acer mono		胡桃楸 Juglans mandshurica
	2016	2017	2016	2017	2016	2017
采样时间 Sampling time (Month-day)	8-15	7-25	8-15	7-25	8-15	7-25
	9-20	8-15	9-20	8-15	9-20	8-15
	10-01	9-05	10-01	9-05		9-05
	10-10	9-25		9-25		9-25
	10-20	10-15		10-15
		10-25

	蒙古栎 Querus mongolica		色木槭 Acer mono		胡桃楸 Juglans mandshurica
	2016	2017	2016	2017	2016	2017
采样时间 Sampling time (Month-day)	8-15	7-25	8-15	7-25	8-15	7-25
	9-20	8-15	9-20	8-15	9-20	8-15
	10-01	9-05	10-01	9-05		9-05
	10-10	9-25		9-25		9-25
	10-20	10-15		10-15
		10-25

树种 Tree species	年 Year	N		P		K		Ca		Mg
树种 Tree species	年 Year	成熟叶 Mature leaves	凋落叶 Senescent leaves	成熟叶 Mature leaves	凋落叶 Senescent leaves	成熟叶 Mature leaves	凋落叶 Senescent leaves	成熟叶 Mature leaves	凋落叶 Senescent leaves	成熟叶 Mature leaves	凋落叶 Senescent leaves
蒙古栎 Quercus mongolica	2016	25.01 ± 1.42^a	10.40 ± 0.42^a	1.55 ± 0.05^a	0.83 ± 0.07^a	9.63 ± 0.78^a	4.83 ± 0.16^a	9.61 ± 0.68^a	32.08 ± 1.34^a	2.04 ± 0.04^a	2.14 ± 0.13^a
蒙古栎 Quercus mongolica	2017	23.50 ± 0.70^A	10.19 ± 0.32^A	1.15 ± 0.03^A	0.37 ± 0.03^A	7.27 ± 0.30^A	2.87 ± 0.33^A	10.99 ± 0.62^A	15.45 ± 0.68^A	1.57 ± 0.09^A	1.53 ± 0.08^A
色木槭 Acer mono	2016	22.67 ± 0.38^a	16.16 ± 0.78^b	1.11 ± 0.05^b	0.56 ± 0.07^b	9.02 ± 1.16^b	6.82 ± 0.37^b	16.94 ± 1.76^b	21.00 ± 1.77^b	3.09 ± 0.32^b	3.10 ± 0.23^b
色木槭 Acer mono	2017	22.31 ± 0.38^A	14.71 ± 1.17^B	1.10 ± 0.06^A	0.66 ± 0.06^B	8.54 ± 0.34^B	5.71 ± 0.40^B	17.56 ± 0.58^B	24.07 ± 0.59^B	2.93 ± 0.10^B	4.13 ± 0.04^B
胡桃楸 Juglans mandshurica	2016	26.32 ± 1.27^a	21.18 ± 1.60^c	1.54 ± 0.02^a	0.86 ± 0.03^a	14.94 ± 0.98^b	12.89 ± 0.88^c	17.63 ± 1.10^b	18.50 ± 0.89^b	2.66 ± 0.17^a	2.11 ± 0.23^a
胡桃楸 Juglans mandshurica	2017	27.34 ± 0.72^B	23.64 ± 1.47^C	1.49 ± 0.07^B	1.19 ± 0.09^C	14.89 ± 0.37^C	12.87 ± 0.68^C	19.21 ± 1.11^C	21.45 ± 0.79^B	2.58 ± 0.18^B	2.53 ± 0.18^C

辽东山区主要阔叶树种叶片养分含量和再吸收对落叶时间的影响

Effects of leaf nutrient concentration and resorption on leaf falling time of dominant broadleaved species in a montane region of eastern Liaoning Province, China

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树种 Tree species	年 Year	Fe		Mn		Cu		Zn
树种 Tree species	年 Year	成熟叶 Mature leaves	凋落叶 Senescent leaves	成熟叶 Mature leaves	凋落叶 Senescent leaves	成熟叶 Mature leaves	凋落叶 Senescent leaves	成熟叶 Mature leaves	凋落叶 Senescent leaves
蒙古栎 Querus mongolica	2016	128.60 ± 27.98^a	319.23 ± 16.72^a	247.51 ± 9.76^a	426.81 ± 36.44^a	6.64 ± 0.36^a	5.95 ± 0.11^a	46.20 ± 5.73^a	27.41 ± 2.93^a
蒙古栎 Querus mongolica	2017	189.16 ± 14.65^A	240.12 ± 12.84^A	382.69 ± 33.60^A	409.22 ± 29.70^A	7.25 ± 0.22^A	5.27 ± 0.18^A	63.09 ± 4.47^A	58.76 ± 7.88^A
色木槭 Acer mono	2016	105.75 ± 28.32^a	195.57 ± 8.93^b	164.50 ± 32.73^b	205.60 ± 35.10^b	7.18 ± 0.32^a	4.90 ± 0.43^a	71.21 ± 21.53^a	33.81 ± 6.08^a
色木槭 Acer mono	2017	208.29 ± 12.93^A	237.51 ± 12.49^A	205.24 ± 19.54^B	230.44 ± 23.07^B	5.88 ± 0.18^B	3.88 ± 0.19^B	63.15 ± 6.53^A	60.87 ± 7.15^A
胡桃楸 Juglans mandshurica	2016	75.33 ± 11.49^a	228.88 ± 32.49^b	135.91 ± 5.26^b	165.59 ± 14.71^b	9.01 ± 0.49^b	7.70 ± 0.30^b	29.91 ± 5.75^a	52.74 ± 2.84^b
胡桃楸 Juglans mandshurica	2017	204.29 ± 28.80^A	166.45 ± 6.46^B	170.05 ± 12.11^B	217.08 ± 15.67^B	9.51 ± 0.55^C	8.21 ± 0.30^C	44.67 ± 5.18^A	49.65 ± 4.29^A

树种 Tree species	年 Year	Fe		Mn		Cu		Zn
树种 Tree species	年 Year	成熟叶 Mature leaves	凋落叶 Senescent leaves	成熟叶 Mature leaves	凋落叶 Senescent leaves	成熟叶 Mature leaves	凋落叶 Senescent leaves	成熟叶 Mature leaves	凋落叶 Senescent leaves
蒙古栎 Querus mongolica	2016	128.60 ± 27.98^a	319.23 ± 16.72^a	247.51 ± 9.76^a	426.81 ± 36.44^a	6.64 ± 0.36^a	5.95 ± 0.11^a	46.20 ± 5.73^a	27.41 ± 2.93^a
蒙古栎 Querus mongolica	2017	189.16 ± 14.65^A	240.12 ± 12.84^A	382.69 ± 33.60^A	409.22 ± 29.70^A	7.25 ± 0.22^A	5.27 ± 0.18^A	63.09 ± 4.47^A	58.76 ± 7.88^A
色木槭 Acer mono	2016	105.75 ± 28.32^a	195.57 ± 8.93^b	164.50 ± 32.73^b	205.60 ± 35.10^b	7.18 ± 0.32^a	4.90 ± 0.43^a	71.21 ± 21.53^a	33.81 ± 6.08^a
色木槭 Acer mono	2017	208.29 ± 12.93^A	237.51 ± 12.49^A	205.24 ± 19.54^B	230.44 ± 23.07^B	5.88 ± 0.18^B	3.88 ± 0.19^B	63.15 ± 6.53^A	60.87 ± 7.15^A
胡桃楸 Juglans mandshurica	2016	75.33 ± 11.49^a	228.88 ± 32.49^b	135.91 ± 5.26^b	165.59 ± 14.71^b	9.01 ± 0.49^b	7.70 ± 0.30^b	29.91 ± 5.75^a	52.74 ± 2.84^b
胡桃楸 Juglans mandshurica	2017	204.29 ± 28.80^A	166.45 ± 6.46^B	170.05 ± 12.11^B	217.08 ± 15.67^B	9.51 ± 0.55^C	8.21 ± 0.30^C	44.67 ± 5.18^A	49.65 ± 4.29^A