小五台亚高山草甸与生境关系分析

doi:10.17521/cjpe.2007.0053

植物生态学报 ›› 2007, Vol. 31 ›› Issue (3): 437-444.DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2007.0053

小五台亚高山草甸与生境关系分析

黄晓霞¹(), 江源²^,^*(), 刘全儒³, 黄秋如⁴

1 云南大学资源环境与地球科学学院,昆明 650091
2 北京师范大学资源学院;北京师范大学中国生态资产评估研究中心;北京师范大学环境演变与自然灾害教育部重点实验室,北京 100875
3 北京师范大学生命科学学院,北京 100875
4 海南省气象局,海口 570203

收稿日期:2006-02-17 接受日期:2006-05-31 出版日期:2007-02-17 发布日期:2007-05-30
通讯作者: 江源
作者简介:* E-mail: jangy@bnu.edu.cn
E-mail of the first author: huangxx@ynu.edu.cn
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金资助项目(40571001);国家自然科学基金资助项目(40371043);云南大学理(工)科校级科研重点项目(2005Z005B)

RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN HABITATS AND COMMUNITIES OF SUBALPINE MEADOW ON MT. XIAOWUTAI, NORTH CHINA

HUANG Xiao-Xia¹(), JIANG Yuan²^,^*(), LIU Quan-Ru³, HUANG Qiu-Ru⁴

¹School of Resource Environment and Earth Science, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China
²College of Resources Science, China Ecological Capital Assessment Research Center, Beijing Normal University; Key laboratory of Environmental Change and Natural Disaster, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100875, China
³College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
⁴Meteorologic Bureau of Hainan, Haikou 570203, China

Received:2006-02-17 Accepted:2006-05-31 Online:2007-02-17 Published:2007-05-30
Contact: JIANG Yuan

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

该文结合野外植被调查,在获取更为详细的景观尺度生境数据基础上,探讨了小五台亚高山草甸植物群落与直接环境因子之间的定量关系。典范对应分析(CCA)的结果表明:1) 在小五台的亚高山草甸分布地段,热量、养分和水分条件构成了其生境特征差异的基本格局;2) 用效应温度和太阳直接辐射量所表征的热量因子,指示出研究区植物群落最基本的分化,说明热量条件是制约研究区草甸群落分布的最重要的因子;3) 养分状况的差异,除了说明生境条件本身的差异外,也在一定程度上指示了放牧干扰对群落分布的影响;4) 由地形等因素控制的土壤表层水分状况,则反映了草甸植物群落分布所受到的水分条件影响。

关键词: 小五台, 亚高山草甸, 群落分布格局, 典范对应分析, 直接环境因子

Abstract:

Aims Vegetation-environment relationships are key to understanding and predicting vegetation patterns in mountainous areas. Much research has examined vegetation patterns related to climate and topography; however, most studies have focused on forest and shrubland and habitats or examined relationships of vegetation and environmental factors along elevation gradients. Meadows have rarely been studied. We examined a subalpine meadow on the top of Mt. Xiaowutai (summit 2 882 m), the highest mountain of Hebei Province, North China, to relate communities to environmental factors.
Methods We examined vegetation data in relation to temperature, solar radiation and a soil wetness index simulated by GIS. Two-way indicator species analysis (TWINSPAN) was used to classify herbaceous communities, and the relationship between plant communities and environment was examined using canonical correspondence analysis (CCA).
Important findings The thermal gradient of temperature and direct solar radiation was the key factor correlated with community distribution in the study area, followed by soil nutrients, grazing and soil moisture as reflected by the soil wetness index, which is controlled by topography. This study indicates that habitat conditions, including temperature, solar radiation, soil wetness and nutrients, are the key factors which determine the distribution pattern of alpine meadow communities.

Key words: Mt. Xiaowutai, subalpine meadow, distribution pattern of plant communities, CCA, direct environment parameters

黄晓霞, 江源, 刘全儒, 黄秋如. 小五台亚高山草甸与生境关系分析. 植物生态学报, 2007, 31(3): 437-444. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2007.0053

HUANG Xiao-Xia, JIANG Yuan, LIU Quan-Ru, HUANG Qiu-Ru. RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN HABITATS AND COMMUNITIES OF SUBALPINE MEADOW ON MT. XIAOWUTAI, NORTH CHINA. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2007, 31(3): 437-444. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2007.0053

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链接本文: https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/10.17521/cjpe.2007.0053

https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/Y2007/V31/I3/437

图/表 7

图1 小五台山地形特征及调查样带位置Ⅰ~Ⅷ: 调查样带 Transects

Fig.1 Topography of the study area and distribution of the transects in Mt. Xiaowutai

图2 研究区太阳直接辐射状况 (2001.7.26~9.21)

Fig.2 Direct solar radiation of the study area (2001.7.26-9.21)

图3 研究区土壤湿润度系数图

Fig.3 Wetness index of the study area

图4 TWINSPAN对小五台所有样方分类的结果

Fig.4 TWINSPAN diagram of the plots in Mt. Xiaowutai 0. All sample plots I. Sedum pallescens, Saussurea chinensis II-1. Festuca litvinovii, Libanotis condensata, Rumex acetosa II-2. Scabiosa tschiliensis, Sanguisorba officinalis, Delphinium grandiflorum III-1. Delphinium grandiflorum, Ligusticum tachiroei, Tephroseris rufa var. chaetocarpa III-2. Myosotis sylvatica, Thalictrum petaloideum, Corydalis hsiaowutaishanensis III-3. Plantago depressa, Ligusticum jeholense 1. Ass. Saussurea chinensis + Saussurea iodostegia 2. Ass. Kobresia myosuroides+Potentilla nivea + Hedysarum inundatum 3. Ass. Kobresia myosuroides + Hedysarum inundatum 4. Ass. Kobresia myosuroides + Polygonum viviparum + Carex duriuscula 5. Ass. Kobresia myosuroides + Scabiosa tschiliensis

表1 小五台研究区草甸群落的主要特征

Table 1 Characteristics of the meadows in Mt.Xiaowutai

群落类型 Plant association	样方数 Samples	坡向 Aspect	坡度 Slope	盖度(%) Cover	高度(cm) Height	物种数 Species	多样性指数 Shannon index
中国风毛菊+紫苞风毛菊+岩茴香 Ass. Saussurea chinensis+Saussurea iodostegia+Ligusticum tachiroei	2	-	-	80~95	10	26	3.00
嵩草+雪白委陵菜+湿地岩黄芪 Ass. Kobresia myosuroides+Potentilla nivea+Hedysarum inundatum	37	W	30~35	94~98	10~20	25~32	3.00~3.30
嵩草+湿地岩黄芪 Ass. Kobresia myosuroides+Hedysarum inundatum	12	N	28~38	90~100	10~15	25~30	3.19~3.25
嵩草+珠芽蓼+卵穗苔草 Ass. Kobresia myosuroides+Polygonum viviparum+Carex duriuscula	7	SW	25~30	50~80	5~10	20~30	2.63~3.25
嵩草+华北蓝盆花 Ass. Kobresia myosuroides+Scabiosa tschiliensis	18	S, SE	30~40	90~95	10~15	30~34	2.94~3.38

表2 各环境因子与CCA排序轴之间的相关系数

Table 2 The correlation coefficients between CCA ordination axes and environmental factors

	AX1	AX2	AX3	AX4	总量 Total inertia
效应温度 Effective temperature	-0.454^***	0.414^***	-0.371^***	-0.125
太阳直接辐射量 Direct solar radiation	-0.560^***	0.422^***	0.038	0.172
土壤湿润度指数 Wetness index	-0.091	-0.366^***	-0.308^***	0.433^***
土壤有机质 Organic matter content	0.628^***	0.335^***	-0.155	0.191^*
土壤全氮 Total nitrogen content	0.305^***	0.264^**	-0.134	0.142
土壤pH值 pH of soil	-0.134	-0.062	-0.177	-0.267^**
土层厚度 Soil thickness	-0.035	-0.343^***	-0.389^***	-0.162
特征值 Eigenvalues	0.152	0.116	0.110	0.057	2.614
累积贡献率 Cumulative ratio (%)	5.8	10.3	14.5	16.6

图5 小五台主要群丛类型的CCA排序结果

Fig.5 Diagram of plots along the first and second axes of CCA ordination SUN: 太阳辐射 Solar radiation TMP: 温度 Temperature OM: 有机质 Organic material TN: 全氮 Total N WET: 水分 Wet SOIL: 土壤深度 Soil depth

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小五台亚高山草甸与生境关系分析

RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN HABITATS AND COMMUNITIES OF SUBALPINE MEADOW ON MT. XIAOWUTAI, NORTH CHINA

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