青海省三江源区人工草地生态系统CO2通量

doi:10.3773/j.issn.1005-264x.2008.03.003

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

了解三江源人工草地净生态系统CO₂交换(Net ecosystem CO₂ exchange, NEE)的季节变化规律和主要生物因子及环境因子对这些过程的影响将有助于认识青藏高原人工草地生态系统碳循环、生态价值、功能,以及对三江源区的生态安全的重要意义。该研究利用涡度相关技术,于2005年9月1日至2006年8月31日对位于青海腹地的垂穗披碱草(Elymus nutans)人工草地的NEE及生物和环境因子进行观测, 阐明NEE及其组分的动态变化特征和影响因子。三江源区人工草地生态系统的日最大吸收量为2.38 g C·m^-2·d^-1,出现在7月30日。日间最大吸收率和最大排放率都出现在8月,分别为-6.82和2.95 μmol CO ₂·m^-2·s^-1。在生长季, 白天的NEE主要受光合有效辐射(Photosynthetically active radiation, PAR)变化控制, 同时又与叶面积指数和群落多样性交互作用, 共同调节光合速率和光合效率的强度。最大光合同化速率为2.46~10.39 μmol CO ₂·m^-2·s^-1,表观初始光能利用率为0.013~0.070 μmol CO ₂·μmol^-1PAR。在碳交换日过程中,NEE并不完全随着PAR的增加而增大,当PAR超过某一值(>1 200 μmol·m^-2·s^-1)时,NEE随PAR的增加而降低。受温度的影响,生长季的生态系统的呼吸商Q₁₀(1.8)小于非生长季节的(2.6)。生态系统呼吸主要受温度的控制,同时也受到叶面积指数的显著影响。生长季昼夜温差大并不利于生态系统的碳获取。三江源区人工草地生态系统是一个较强的碳汇,为-49.35 g C·m^-2·a^-1。

关键词: 人工草地生态系统, CO₂通量, 昼夜温差

Abstract:

Aims It is important to the study of the carbon cycle and ecological issues to understand seasonal variation in CO₂ flux and the influence of environmental factors on the artificial grassland in the source region of the three rivers on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau.

Methods We utilized the eddy covariance method to observe net ecosystem CO₂ exchange (NEE) and biological and environmental factors and their variation at the Elymus nutans artificial grassland from September 1, 2005 to August 31, 2006.

Important findings The daily maximum uptake of CO₂ was 2.38 g C·m^-2·d^-1 on July 30. The ratio of daily uptake and emission in August were observed, -6.82 and 2.95 μmol CO ₂·m^-2·s^-1, respectively. In the growing seasons, daily NEE was dominated by the variation of photosynthetically active radiation (PAR). At the same time, daily NEE combined with leaf area and community diversity to control photosynthetic rate and photosynthetic efficiency. Maximum photosynthetic rate was 2.46-10.39 μmol CO ₂·m^-2·s^-1, and the apparent quantum yield (denoting the maximum efficiency of light utilization in photosynthesis) was 0.013-0.070 μmol CO ₂·μmol^-1 PAR. The influence of temperature, Q₁₀ (1.8) in the growing season was less than in the non-growing season. The respiration of the ecosystem was mainly dominated by temperature and leaf area. Carbon absorption was not dominated by the larger temperature difference of the day and night in the growing season. Our study proved that the artificial grassland ecosystem was a carbon sink with a carbon absorption of -49.35 g C·m^-2·a^-1. Our study also proved that the source and sink function of carbon was influenced by the amount, intensity and seasonal allocation of annual precipitation, as well as by plant community diversity.

Key words: artificial grassland ecosystem, CO₂ fluxes, temperature difference of day and night

赵亮, 古松, 周华坤, 徐世晓, 赵新全, 李英年. 青海省三江源区人工草地生态系统CO₂通量. 植物生态学报, 2008, 32(3): 544-554. DOI: 10.3773/j.issn.1005-264x.2008.03.003

ZHAO Liang, GU Song, ZHOU Hua-Kun, XU Shi-Xiao, ZHAO Xin-Quan, LI Ying-Nian. CO₂ FLUXES OF ARTIFICIAL GRASSLAND IN THE SOURCE REGION OF THE THREE RIVERS ON THE QINGHAI-TIBETAN PLATEAU, CHINA. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2008, 32(3): 544-554. DOI: 10.3773/j.issn.1005-264x.2008.03.003

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链接本文: https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/10.3773/j.issn.1005-264x.2008.03.003

https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/Y2008/V32/I3/544

图/表 10

表1 观测要素及安装高度

Table 1 Meteorological parameters and instruments used

观察要素 Meteorological parameters	仪器介绍 Instruments or sensor	设置高度 Location (cm)
CO₂ 和H₂O 浓度 CO₂ and H₂O concentrations	Li-7500, Li-Cor, USA	300
三维风速和空气 Vertical wind and air temperature	CSAT3, CSI,USA	300
净辐射Net radiation	CNR-1, Kipp and Zonen, Netherlands	150
光量子通量Photosynthetic photon flux density	Li-190SB, Li-Cor, USA	150
风速和风向Wind speed and direction	014A and 034A-L, CSI,USA	110, 300
空气温度和湿度Air temperature and humidity	HUMP45C, CSI, USA	110, 300
地表面温度Soil surface temperature	107,CSI,USA	0
土壤热通量Soil heat flux	HFT-3, CSI, USA	-2
土壤温度Soil temperature	105T,CSI,USA	-3, -10, -20, -30, -40, -50, -60, -70
土壤含水量Soil water content	TDR,CS615, CSI, USA	-3, -20, -50
降雨量Precipitation	TE525MM, CSI, USA	50

图1 光合有效辐射 (PAR)、250 cm的空气温度(Ta)、5 cm的土壤温度 (Ts)、250 cm的饱合水汽压(VPD)、5 cm土壤体积含水量(SWC)和日降雨量(PPT)的季节变化 A:2005年9月19日 September 19, 2005 B: 2005年11月16日 November 16, 2005 C:2006年1月13日 January 13, 2006 D: 2006年3月12日 March 12, 2006 E:2006年5月9日 May 9, 2006 F:2006年7月6日 July 6, 2006 G:2006年9月2日 September 2, 2006

Fig.1 Seasonal variability of photosynthetically active radiation (PAR), average daily air temperature (Ta), soil temperature at a 5 cm depth (Ts), vapor pressure deficit (VPD), and daily total precipitation (PPT) and daily average volumetric soil moisture (SWC)

图2 三江源人工草地地上生物量和叶面积(LAI)动态

Fig.2 Averages of aboveground biomass and leaf area index (LAI) for the artificial grassland in the source region of the three rivers

图3 每个月(a)和整个生长季(b)昼夜温差(Tad-Tan)与净CO2日交换量(NEE)的关系

Fig.3 Relationships between net daily CO2 exchange (NEE) and day/night temperature (Tad-Tan) in each month (a) and whole growing season (b)

图4 生长季夜间的生态系统呼吸(Reco)对5cm土壤温度(Ts)的响应

Fig.4 Response of ecosystem respiration (Reco) to change in soil temperature at the depth of 5 cm(Ts) during growth season

图5 非生长季的生态系统呼吸(Reco)对5 cm土壤温度(Ts)的响应

Fig.5 Response of ecosystem respiration (Reco) to change in soil temperature at the depth of 5 cm (Ts) during non-growing season

图6 三江源人工草地的净生态系统CO2交换量(NEE)与光合有效辐射(PAR)的关系

Fig.6 Relationship between photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) and the net CO2 exchange (NEE) measured in each month over a growth season

图7 净生态系统CO2交换量(NEE)与PAR的关系 (PAR)光合有效辐射(PAR)>1 200 μmol·m-2·s-1 Date were PAR>1 200 μmol·m-2·s-1

Fig.7 Linear regression of daytime net carbon exchange rate (NEE) on incident photosynthetically active radiation

图8 各月逐时平均净生态系统CO2交换量(NEE)

Fig.8 Average monthly diurnal trends in net ecosystem CO2 exchange (NEE)

图9 净生态系统CO2交换量(NEE)、生态系统呼吸(Reco)和生态系统光合产物(GPP)的季节变化 Seasonal pattern of daily total gross primary production (GPP), net ecosystem exchange (NEE), and ecosystem respiration (Reco) A~G: 见图1 See

Fig.9 Fig. 1

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青海省三江源区人工草地生态系统CO₂通量

CO₂ FLUXES OF ARTIFICIAL GRASSLAND IN THE SOURCE REGION OF THE THREE RIVERS ON THE QINGHAI-TIBETAN PLATEAU, CHINA

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