内蒙古和青藏高原草原植物叶片与根系氮利用效率空间格局及影响因素

doi:10.17521/cjpe.2019.0044

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

氮利用效率是植物的关键功能性状, 同时紧密关联生态系统功能, 但是目前对氮利用效率的区域格局及影响因素仍然不清楚。该研究分析了内蒙古和青藏高原草原82个调查地点、139种植物叶片和根系的氮利用效率及其与环境因素、植物功能群之间的关系, 实验结果显示: 1)草甸草原植物叶片的氮利用效率为53 g·g ^-1, 显著大于高寒草甸(46 g·g ^-1)、荒漠草原(41 g·g ^-1)和典型草原(39 g·g ^-1)。高寒草甸根系氮利用效率为108 g·g ^-1, 显著高于其他生态系统。2)叶片氮利用效率比根系对温度更加敏感, 但随着干旱指数的增加, 两者均表现出显著的降低趋势。3)杂类草叶片和根系氮利用效率低于莎草科和禾本科植物, 豆科植物叶片和根系氮利用效率分别比非豆科植物低48%和60%。4)植物氮利用效率与土壤氮含量之间没有显著关系。总体上, 内蒙古和青藏高原草原植物叶片和根系氮利用效率的空间格局存在差异, 主要影响因素为植物功能群和干旱指数。本研究系统揭示内蒙古和青藏高原草原植物氮利用效率的空间格局及关键驱动因子, 有助于在全球变化背景下了解我国草地生产力维持机制, 同时为草原生态系统管理提供科学依据。

关键词: 氮利用效率, 植物功能群, 功能性状, 干旱指数, 草原生态系统

Abstract:

Aims Nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) is a key functional trait in plants, which closely relates to ecosystem functions. However, it is still unclear about the regional patterns and affecting factors of plant NUE.
Methods This study quantified leaf and root NUE in 139 grassland plant species and explored their relationships with environmental factors and plant functional groups across 82 sampling sites in Nei Mongol and Qinghai-‌Xizang Plateau.
Important findings 1) We found that leaf NUE (53 g·g ^-1) in meadow steppe was significantly greater than those in alpine meadow (46 g·g ^-1), desert steppe (41 g·g ^-1) and typical steppe (39 g·g ^-1). Root NUE (108 g·g ^-1) in alpine meadow was higher than those in other ecosystems. 2) Leaf NUE was more sensitive to temperature than root NUE, but with increasing drought index they all showed a significant decrease. 3) Leaf and root NUE in forbs were significantly lower than sedges and grasses. In addition, leaf and root NUE of legume were 48% and 60% lower than those of non-legume, respectively. 4) Plant NUE did not show any significant relationship with soil nitrogen content. Overall, there was significant difference between leaf and root NUE in their spatial patterns in the Nei Mongol and Qinghai-Xizang Plateau grasslands. The main impacting factors were plant functional group and drought index. The findings are helpful for better understanding the mechanisms underlying the variation of grassland productivity in China, and also provide more scientific basis for grassland management.

Key words: nitrogen use efficiency, plant functional group, functional traits, drought index, grassland ecosystem

符义稳, 田大栓, 汪金松, 牛书丽, 赵垦田. 内蒙古和青藏高原草原植物叶片与根系氮利用效率空间格局及影响因素. 植物生态学报, 2019, 43(7): 566-575. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2019.0044

FU Yi-Wen, TIAN Da-Shuan, WANG Jin-Song, NIU Shu-Li, ZHAO Ken-Tian. Patterns and affecting factors of nitrogen use efficiency of plant leaves and roots in Nei Mongol and Qinghai-Xizang Plateau grasslands. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2019, 43(7): 566-575. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2019.0044

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链接本文: https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/10.17521/cjpe.2019.0044

https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/Y2019/V43/I7/566

图/表 6

图1 沿水分梯度不同草原生态系统类型植物叶片和根系氮利用效率。不同小写字母表示差异显著(p < 0.05), n代表样本量。

Fig. 1 Differences of leaf and root nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) among different grassland ecosystems along a precipitation gradient. Different lowercase letters indicate a significant difference (p < 0.05), and n represents the sample size of observations.

图2 年平均气温和年降水量与草原植物叶片或根系氮利用效率之间的关系。n表示样本量。

Fig. 2 Relationships of leaf or root nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) with mean annual air temperature and mean annual precipitation. n represents the sample size of observations.

图3 干旱指数与草原植物叶片或根系氮利用效率之间的关系。不同小写字母表示差异显著(p < 0.05), n表示样本量。

Fig. 3 Relationships between drought index and leaf or root nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) in grassland plants. Different lowercase letters indicate a significant difference (p < 0.05), and n represents the sample size of observations.

图4 不同草原植物功能群的叶片和根系氮利用效率。不同小写字母表示差异显著(p < 0.05), n表示样本量。

Fig. 4 Leaf and root nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) among different grassland plant functional groups. Different lowercase letters indicate a significant difference (p < 0.05), and n represents the sample size of observations.

图5 土壤全氮或有效氮含量与草原植物叶片或根系氮利用效率之间的关系。n表示样本量。

Fig. 5 Relationships of grassland plant leaf or root nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) with soil total nitrogen or available nitrogen content. n represents the sample size of observations.

图6 生物(植物功能群)和非生物因素(年平均气温、年降水量和干旱指数)对植物叶片或根系氮利用效率(NUE)影响的直接和间接效应。图中线条粗细表示影响效应大小, 实线表示作用路径显著(p < 0.05), 虚线表示作用路径不显著(p > 0.05)。绿色表示负效应, 红色表示正效应。R2表示解释率。

Fig. 6 Direct and indirect impacts of biotic (plant functional group (PFG)) and abiotic (mean annual air temperature (MAT), mean annual precipition (MAP) and drought index (r)) factors on leaf or root nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) in grassland plants. Line thickness indicates relative effect size. Solid lines denote a significant influence (p < 0.05), whereas dashed lines indicate no significant impact (p > 0.05). Green color represents a negative effect, while red color denotes a positive impact. R2 indicates how much variation can be explained.

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