植物生态学报 ›› 2009, Vol. 33 ›› Issue (6): 1112-1124.DOI: 10.3773/j.issn.1005-264x.2009.06.011
收稿日期:
2009-02-16
接受日期:
2009-05-15
出版日期:
2009-02-16
发布日期:
2021-04-29
通讯作者:
黄建辉
作者简介:
*(jhhuang@ibcas.ac.cn)基金资助:
LI Yang1,2, HUANG Jian-Hui1,*()
Received:
2009-02-16
Accepted:
2009-05-15
Online:
2009-02-16
Published:
2021-04-29
Contact:
HUANG Jian-Hui
摘要:
为了解全球变化背景下在沙漠分布的豆科优势物种甘草(Glycyrrhiza uralensis)对多因素环境变化的适应性, 该研究以第2年生长的甘草植株为对象, 盆栽试验为手段, 采用完全随机区组实验设计, 人工模拟分别相当于库布齐沙漠当地自然年降雨量的3/8、1/2、1和2倍(W1~W4)的4个水分供应处理, 以及4个养分添加处理(对照CK; N, 83 mg N·kg-1土; P, 92 mg P·kg-1土; NP, 83 mg N·kg-1土+92 mg P·kg-1土), 研究了库布齐沙漠中甘草的光合生理特性对于水分和养分供应变化的响应。结果表明: 气体交换特征随测量时间表现出规律性变化。在实验处理条件下, 每个植物功能性状参数随时间的变化趋势基本一致。当光合有效辐射(Photosynthetically available radiation, PAR)在11:00~13:00时段达到最高值时, 大气温度也接近测量当天的最高值, 净光合速率(Net photosynthetic rate, Pn)出现了明显的“午休”特征。第2年生长的甘草对于干旱胁迫表现出快速生理响应与气孔调节, 尤其在极度干旱(W1)条件下, 光合作用过程的控制在气孔限制与非气孔限制之间进行了多次转换。水分胁迫使Pn、气孔导度(Stomatal conductance, Gs)和蒸腾速率(Transpiration rate, Tr)等气体交换特征值下调, 同时降低了最大净光合速率(Maximum net photosynthetic rate, Pmax)和表观量子效率(Apparent quantum yield, AQE)等光响应曲线特征参数。光合水分利用效率(Photosynthetic water use efficiency, PWUE)随着水分供应量减少而降低, 并且养分添加也使其在水分供应良好(W4)的条件下降低, 对于外界环境中水分利用的改变具有适应策略。另外, 养分添加对于光合作用过程具有促进作用, 尤其在水分供应良好的条件下, N素添加使Pn增加明显。在W1条件下, P素供应增加了Pmax、光饱和点(Light saturation point, LSP)并减小了光补偿点(Light compensation point, LCP), 表明甘草物种对于P素的敏感性。研究结果表明, 虽然养分添加能够调节水分胁迫条件下甘草对于光辐射的利用效率与适应性, 但水分仍然是限制甘草光合生理的首要因素。
李扬, 黄建辉. 库布齐沙漠中甘草对不同水分和养分供应的光合生理响应. 植物生态学报, 2009, 33(6): 1112-1124. DOI: 10.3773/j.issn.1005-264x.2009.06.011
LI Yang, HUANG Jian-Hui. PHOTOSYNTHETIC PHYSIOLOGICAL RESPONSES OF GLYCYRRHIZA URALENSISUNDER DIFFERENT WATER AND NUTRIENT SUPPLIES IN KUBUQI DESERT, CHINA. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2009, 33(6): 1112-1124. DOI: 10.3773/j.issn.1005-264x.2009.06.011
图2 不同水分和养分供应条件下甘草的净光合速率(Pn) (A), 气孔导度(Gs) (B), 胞间CO2浓度(Ci) (C), 光合水分利用效率(PWUE) (D), 蒸腾速率(Tr) (E)和气孔限制值(Ls) (F)的日动态变化(平均值±标准误,n=3)
Fig. 2 Diurnal changes of net photosynthetic rate (Pn) (A), stomatal conductance (Gs) (B), intercellular CO2 concentration, (Ci) (C), photosynthetic water use efficiency (PWUE) (D), transipiration rate (Tr) (E), and stomatal limitation value (Ls) (F) in Glycyrrhiza uranlensis seedlings under different water and nutrient supplies (mean±SE, n=3)
变异来源 Source of variation | 自由度 df | 净光合速率 Pn (μmol CO2·m-2·s-1) | 气孔导度 Gs (mmol H2O·m-2· s-1) | 胞间CO2浓度 Ci (μmol· mol-1) | 光合水分利用效率 PWUE (μmol CO2·mmol H2O) | 蒸腾速率 Tr (mmol H2O·m-2 ·s -1) | 气孔限制值 Ls | 最大净光合速率 Pmax (μmol CO2·m-2 ·s -1) | 表观量子效率 AQE (CO2·photon-1) | 暗呼吸速率 Rd (μmol· m-2·s-1) | 光补偿点 LCP (mmol· m-2·s-1) | 光饱和点 LSP (mmol· m-2·s-1) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
水分 Water | 3 | 27.575*** | 16.544*** | 2.018 | 32.004*** | 1.834 | 2.480 | 5.627** | 3.037* | 1.688 | 12.464*** | 2.418 |
养分 Nutrient | 3 | 0.387 | 0.880 | 0.726 | 1.371 | 0.499 | 0.683 | 8.977*** | 2.852 | 2.219 | 2.889 | 13.789*** |
水分×养分 Water×Nutrient | 9 | 2.206* | 2.025 | 1.999 | 2.594* | 1.594 | 1.983 | 1.616 | 2.677* | 1.995 | 6.727*** | 2.553* |
表1 水分供应, 养分添加及二者交互作用对甘草气体交换特征和光响应曲线参数的影响
Table 1 Effects of water supply, nutrient addition and their interactions on gas exchange characteristics and A-PAR curve parameters of Glycyrrhiza uranlensis seedlings
变异来源 Source of variation | 自由度 df | 净光合速率 Pn (μmol CO2·m-2·s-1) | 气孔导度 Gs (mmol H2O·m-2· s-1) | 胞间CO2浓度 Ci (μmol· mol-1) | 光合水分利用效率 PWUE (μmol CO2·mmol H2O) | 蒸腾速率 Tr (mmol H2O·m-2 ·s -1) | 气孔限制值 Ls | 最大净光合速率 Pmax (μmol CO2·m-2 ·s -1) | 表观量子效率 AQE (CO2·photon-1) | 暗呼吸速率 Rd (μmol· m-2·s-1) | 光补偿点 LCP (mmol· m-2·s-1) | 光饱和点 LSP (mmol· m-2·s-1) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
水分 Water | 3 | 27.575*** | 16.544*** | 2.018 | 32.004*** | 1.834 | 2.480 | 5.627** | 3.037* | 1.688 | 12.464*** | 2.418 |
养分 Nutrient | 3 | 0.387 | 0.880 | 0.726 | 1.371 | 0.499 | 0.683 | 8.977*** | 2.852 | 2.219 | 2.889 | 13.789*** |
水分×养分 Water×Nutrient | 9 | 2.206* | 2.025 | 1.999 | 2.594* | 1.594 | 1.983 | 1.616 | 2.677* | 1.995 | 6.727*** | 2.553* |
项目 Item | 实验处理 Treatment | O | N | P | NP |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
净光合速率Pn (μmol CO2·m-2·s-1) | W1 | 5.79±1.40Aa | 2.49±0.78Aa | 9.85±0.84ABb | 2.14±1.41Aa |
W2 | 6.14±2.47Aa | 10.43±2.68Ba | 7.33±1.14Aa | 7.04±3.64ABa | |
W3 | 13.65±0.63Ba | 18.92±0.35Ba | 13.44±2.98BCa | 13.34±2.87Ca | |
W4 | 16.72±0.96Bb | 12.19±1.72Ba | 15.55±0.42Cb | 20.59±0.37Cc | |
气孔导度 Gs (mmol H2O·m-2 ·s -1) | W1 | 0.19±0.12Aa | 0.07±0.02Aa | 0.16±0.01Aa | 0.06±0.01Aa |
W2 | 0.15±0.01Aa | 0.18±0.03Ba | 0.16±0.01Ba | 0.13±0.02Ba | |
W3 | 0.23±0.01Aa | 0.23±0.04ABa | 0.21±0.03BCa | 0.17±0.04Ca | |
W4 | 0.28±0.02Aa | 0.20±0.03ABa | 0.29±0.03Ba | 0.38±0.02Ca | |
胞间CO2浓度Ci (μmol·mol-1) | W1 | 267.43±42.46Aa | 303.57±3.14Aa | 222.53±4.48Aa | 319.77±35.14Aa |
W2 | 303.47±24.24Aa | 274.60±11.55Aa | 287.50±15.89Aa | 284.97±30.61Aa | |
W3 | 272.37±4.35Aa | 252.63±7.14Aa | 263.80±10.18Aa | 240.10±3.38Aa | |
W4 | 272.60±2.00Aa | 269.67±8.14Aa | 273.90±6.77Aa | 263.93±2.33Aa | |
光合水分利用效率PWUE (μmol CO2·mmol H2O) | W1 | 1.57±0.51Aa | 1.18±0.05Aa | 2.86±0.09Ba | 1.88±0.69Aa |
W2 | 1.54±0.58Aa | 2.13±0.24Ba | 1.75±0.36Aa | 1.73±0.69Aa | |
W3 | 2.85±0.14Aa | 4.23±0.81Ca | 2.71±0.32Ba | 3.13±0.08Ba | |
W4 | 5.16±0.23Bc | 4.25±0.09Db | 3.55±0.17Ba | 3.57±0.11Ba | |
蒸腾速率Tr (mmol H2O·m-2·s-1) | W1 | 3.91±0.74Aa | 2.10±0.63Aa | 3.45±0.31Aa | 1.89±0.35Aa |
W2 | 3.91±0.21Aa | 4.75±0.83Aa | 4.28±0.29Aa | 3.60±0.59Aa | |
W3 | 4.80±0.05Aa | 4.75±0.73Aa | 4.87±0.53Aa | 4.25±0.88Aa | |
W4 | 3.25±0.19Aa | 2.87±0.42Aa | 4.41±0.35Aa | 5.78±0.19Aa | |
气孔限制值Ls | W1 | 0.30±0.11Aa | 0.20±0.01Aa | 0.42±0.01Aa | 0.17±0.09Aa |
W2 | 0.21±0.06Aa | 0.29±0.03Aa | 0.25±0.04Aa | 0.25±0.08Aa | |
W3 | 0.30±0.01Aa | 0.35±0.02Aa | 0.32±0.03Aa | 0.38±0.01Aa | |
W4 | 0.30±0.01Aa | 0.31±0.02Aa | 0.30±0.02Aa | 0.32±0.01Aa |
表2 不同水分供应和养分添加条件下甘草的净光合速率(Pn)、气孔导度(Gs)、胞间CO2浓度(Ci), 光合水分利用效率(PWUE), 蒸腾速率(Tr)和气孔限制值(Ls)(平均值±标准误, n=3)
Table 2 The net photosynthesis rate (Pn), stomatal conductance (Gs), internal CO2 concentration (Ci), photosynthetic water use efficiency (PWUE), transipiration rate (Tr), and stomotal limitation value (Ls) of Glycyrrhiza uralensis grown under different water supplies and nutrient additions (mean±SE, n=3)
项目 Item | 实验处理 Treatment | O | N | P | NP |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
净光合速率Pn (μmol CO2·m-2·s-1) | W1 | 5.79±1.40Aa | 2.49±0.78Aa | 9.85±0.84ABb | 2.14±1.41Aa |
W2 | 6.14±2.47Aa | 10.43±2.68Ba | 7.33±1.14Aa | 7.04±3.64ABa | |
W3 | 13.65±0.63Ba | 18.92±0.35Ba | 13.44±2.98BCa | 13.34±2.87Ca | |
W4 | 16.72±0.96Bb | 12.19±1.72Ba | 15.55±0.42Cb | 20.59±0.37Cc | |
气孔导度 Gs (mmol H2O·m-2 ·s -1) | W1 | 0.19±0.12Aa | 0.07±0.02Aa | 0.16±0.01Aa | 0.06±0.01Aa |
W2 | 0.15±0.01Aa | 0.18±0.03Ba | 0.16±0.01Ba | 0.13±0.02Ba | |
W3 | 0.23±0.01Aa | 0.23±0.04ABa | 0.21±0.03BCa | 0.17±0.04Ca | |
W4 | 0.28±0.02Aa | 0.20±0.03ABa | 0.29±0.03Ba | 0.38±0.02Ca | |
胞间CO2浓度Ci (μmol·mol-1) | W1 | 267.43±42.46Aa | 303.57±3.14Aa | 222.53±4.48Aa | 319.77±35.14Aa |
W2 | 303.47±24.24Aa | 274.60±11.55Aa | 287.50±15.89Aa | 284.97±30.61Aa | |
W3 | 272.37±4.35Aa | 252.63±7.14Aa | 263.80±10.18Aa | 240.10±3.38Aa | |
W4 | 272.60±2.00Aa | 269.67±8.14Aa | 273.90±6.77Aa | 263.93±2.33Aa | |
光合水分利用效率PWUE (μmol CO2·mmol H2O) | W1 | 1.57±0.51Aa | 1.18±0.05Aa | 2.86±0.09Ba | 1.88±0.69Aa |
W2 | 1.54±0.58Aa | 2.13±0.24Ba | 1.75±0.36Aa | 1.73±0.69Aa | |
W3 | 2.85±0.14Aa | 4.23±0.81Ca | 2.71±0.32Ba | 3.13±0.08Ba | |
W4 | 5.16±0.23Bc | 4.25±0.09Db | 3.55±0.17Ba | 3.57±0.11Ba | |
蒸腾速率Tr (mmol H2O·m-2·s-1) | W1 | 3.91±0.74Aa | 2.10±0.63Aa | 3.45±0.31Aa | 1.89±0.35Aa |
W2 | 3.91±0.21Aa | 4.75±0.83Aa | 4.28±0.29Aa | 3.60±0.59Aa | |
W3 | 4.80±0.05Aa | 4.75±0.73Aa | 4.87±0.53Aa | 4.25±0.88Aa | |
W4 | 3.25±0.19Aa | 2.87±0.42Aa | 4.41±0.35Aa | 5.78±0.19Aa | |
气孔限制值Ls | W1 | 0.30±0.11Aa | 0.20±0.01Aa | 0.42±0.01Aa | 0.17±0.09Aa |
W2 | 0.21±0.06Aa | 0.29±0.03Aa | 0.25±0.04Aa | 0.25±0.08Aa | |
W3 | 0.30±0.01Aa | 0.35±0.02Aa | 0.32±0.03Aa | 0.38±0.01Aa | |
W4 | 0.30±0.01Aa | 0.31±0.02Aa | 0.30±0.02Aa | 0.32±0.01Aa |
图3 不同水分和养分供应条件下甘草(Glycyrrhiza uralensis)光响应曲线(平均值±标准误,n=3) Pn: 净光合速率 Net photosynthetic rate PAR: 光合有效辐射 Photosynthetically available radiation O、N、P、NP、W1、W2、W3、W4见实验处理1.2.2 See 1.2.2
Fig. 3 The A-PAR curves of Glycyrrhiza uralensis seedlings under different water and nutrient supplies (mean±SE, n=3)
项目 Item | 实验处理 Treatment | CK | N | P | NP |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
最大净光合速率 Pmax (μmol CO2·m-2 ·s -1) | W1 | 7.44±2.32Aa | 4.65±1.56Aa | 9.94±2.25Aa | 3.59±1.09Aa |
W2 | 9.16±1.75Aa | 6.68±1.81Aa | 15.73±2.56Ab | 6.34±1.20ABa | |
W3 | 13.93±1.57Ab | 6.55±0.71Aa | 13.60±0.59Ab | 8.07±0.90BCa | |
W4 | 13.13±4.05Aa | 10.22±0.84Aa | 10.10±0.35Aa | 11.07±0.73Ca | |
表观量子效率 AQE (CO2·photon-1) | W1 | 0.0375±0.0107Aa | 0.0266±0.0024Aa | 0.0382±0.0032Aa | 0.0259±0.0033Aa |
W2 | 0.0444±0.0125Aa | 0.0575±0.0060Ba | 0.0408±0.0033Aa | 0.0327±0.0046Aa | |
W3 | 0.0320±0.0084Aa | 0.0616±0.0074Ba | 0.0400±0.0093Aa | 0.0500±0.0092Aa | |
W4 | 0.0520±0.0028Ab | 0.0485±0.0104ABb | 0.0194±0.0010Aa | 0.0448±0.0025Ab | |
暗呼吸速率 Rd (μmol·m-2·s-1) | W1 | -2.99±0.99Aa | -1.63±0.30Aa | -1.74±0.22Aa | -1.17±0.25Aa |
W2 | -1.56±0.43Aa | -2.00±0.20Aa | -2.37±0.48Aa | -1.61±0.13Aa | |
W3 | -1.91±0.32Aa | -2.02±0.33Aa | -1.22±0.26Aa | -1.58±0.21Aa | |
W4 | -1.37±0.15Aa | -1.92±0.19Aa | -0.72±0.09Aa | -1.68±0.09Aa | |
光补偿点 LCP (mmol·m-2·s-1) | W1 | 76.60±7.50Bb | 60.30±5.93Bab | 45.73±5.00ABa | 44.37±5.72ABa |
W2 | 37.13±5.25Aa | 36.47±7.68Aa | 57.10±6.66Ba | 50.13±2.82Ba | |
W3 | 63.30±7.08Bb | 32.57±1.50Aa | 31.60±3.64Aa | 32.53±3.64Aa | |
W4 | 26.47±3.07Aa | 41.97±6.43Ba | 36.73±2.62Aa | 37.50±1.16Aa | |
光饱和点 LSP (mmol·m-2·s-1) | W1 | 280.00±21.17Aa | 226.67±51.61Aa | 301.00±50.39Aa | 177.00±38.22Aa |
W2 | 285.00±65.25Aab | 162.00±56.03Aa | 437.33±35.63Ab | 247.00±37.40Aa | |
W3 | 544.67±92.96Bb | 144.67±23.67Aa | 427.67±123.52Aab | 213.33±57.48Aa | |
W4 | 273.67±60.92Aa | 271.67±54.14Aa | 559.00±29.70Ab | 266.00±32.08Aa |
表3 不同水分供应和养分添加条件下甘草的最大净光合速率(Pmax), 表观量子效率(AQE), 暗呼吸速率(Rd), 光补偿点(LCP)和光饱和点(LSP) (平均值±标准误, n=3)
Table 3 The maximum net photosynthesis rate (Pmax), apparent quantum efficiency (AQE), dark respiration rate (Rd), light compensation point (LCP), and light saturation point (LSP) of Glycyrrhiza uralensisgrown under different water supplies and nutrient additions (mean±SE, n=3)
项目 Item | 实验处理 Treatment | CK | N | P | NP |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
最大净光合速率 Pmax (μmol CO2·m-2 ·s -1) | W1 | 7.44±2.32Aa | 4.65±1.56Aa | 9.94±2.25Aa | 3.59±1.09Aa |
W2 | 9.16±1.75Aa | 6.68±1.81Aa | 15.73±2.56Ab | 6.34±1.20ABa | |
W3 | 13.93±1.57Ab | 6.55±0.71Aa | 13.60±0.59Ab | 8.07±0.90BCa | |
W4 | 13.13±4.05Aa | 10.22±0.84Aa | 10.10±0.35Aa | 11.07±0.73Ca | |
表观量子效率 AQE (CO2·photon-1) | W1 | 0.0375±0.0107Aa | 0.0266±0.0024Aa | 0.0382±0.0032Aa | 0.0259±0.0033Aa |
W2 | 0.0444±0.0125Aa | 0.0575±0.0060Ba | 0.0408±0.0033Aa | 0.0327±0.0046Aa | |
W3 | 0.0320±0.0084Aa | 0.0616±0.0074Ba | 0.0400±0.0093Aa | 0.0500±0.0092Aa | |
W4 | 0.0520±0.0028Ab | 0.0485±0.0104ABb | 0.0194±0.0010Aa | 0.0448±0.0025Ab | |
暗呼吸速率 Rd (μmol·m-2·s-1) | W1 | -2.99±0.99Aa | -1.63±0.30Aa | -1.74±0.22Aa | -1.17±0.25Aa |
W2 | -1.56±0.43Aa | -2.00±0.20Aa | -2.37±0.48Aa | -1.61±0.13Aa | |
W3 | -1.91±0.32Aa | -2.02±0.33Aa | -1.22±0.26Aa | -1.58±0.21Aa | |
W4 | -1.37±0.15Aa | -1.92±0.19Aa | -0.72±0.09Aa | -1.68±0.09Aa | |
光补偿点 LCP (mmol·m-2·s-1) | W1 | 76.60±7.50Bb | 60.30±5.93Bab | 45.73±5.00ABa | 44.37±5.72ABa |
W2 | 37.13±5.25Aa | 36.47±7.68Aa | 57.10±6.66Ba | 50.13±2.82Ba | |
W3 | 63.30±7.08Bb | 32.57±1.50Aa | 31.60±3.64Aa | 32.53±3.64Aa | |
W4 | 26.47±3.07Aa | 41.97±6.43Ba | 36.73±2.62Aa | 37.50±1.16Aa | |
光饱和点 LSP (mmol·m-2·s-1) | W1 | 280.00±21.17Aa | 226.67±51.61Aa | 301.00±50.39Aa | 177.00±38.22Aa |
W2 | 285.00±65.25Aab | 162.00±56.03Aa | 437.33±35.63Ab | 247.00±37.40Aa | |
W3 | 544.67±92.96Bb | 144.67±23.67Aa | 427.67±123.52Aab | 213.33±57.48Aa | |
W4 | 273.67±60.92Aa | 271.67±54.14Aa | 559.00±29.70Ab | 266.00±32.08Aa |
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