氮硅添加对青藏高原高寒草甸土壤氮矿化的影响

doi:10.17521/cjpe.2018.0218

植物生态学报 ›› 2019, Vol. 43 ›› Issue (1): 77-84.DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2018.0218

所属专题：全球变化与生态系统

• 研究论文 • 上一篇

氮硅添加对青藏高原高寒草甸土壤氮矿化的影响

牟静¹,宾振钧²,李秋霞¹,卜海燕¹,张仁懿¹,徐当会^1,^*()

1 兰州大学生命科学学院, 草地农业生态系统国家重点实验室, 兰州 730000
2 广西壮族自治区亚热带作物研究所, 南宁 530001

收稿日期:2018-09-11 接受日期:2018-10-31 出版日期:2019-01-20 发布日期:2019-04-25
通讯作者: 徐当会
基金资助:
国家重点研发计划(2016YFC0501906);国家自然科学基金(30900171);国家自然科学基金(31460162);国家自然科学基金(31600336)

Effects of nitrogen and silicon addition on soil nitrogen mineralization in alpine meadows of Qinghai-Xizang Plateau

MOU Jing¹,BIN Zhen-Jun²,LI Qiu-Xia¹,BU Hai-Yan¹,ZHANG Ren-Yi¹,XU Dang-Hui^1,^*()

1 School of Life Science, Lanzhou University, State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, Lanzhou 730000, China
2 Guangxi Subtropical Crops Research Institute, Nanning 530001, China

Received:2018-09-11 Accepted:2018-10-31 Online:2019-01-20 Published:2019-04-25
Contact: XU Dang-Hui
Supported by:
Supported by the National Key R&D Program(2016YFC0501906);the National Natural Science Foundation(30900171);the National Natural Science Foundation(31460162);the National Natural Science Foundation(31600336)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为了解全球气候变化背景下氮沉降对土壤氮矿化的影响及硅添加对土壤氮矿化的促进作用, 该试验设置不同浓度的氮肥单独添加(0、20、40、60 g·m ^-2, 分别为对照CK、N20、N40、N60)以及与硅肥配施(硅酸4 g·m ^-2, Si4), 测定不同处理下0-20、20-40、40-60 cm土层土壤硝态氮含量、铵态氮含量、净硝化速率、净氨化速率以及净矿化速率。结果显示: (1)单独添加氮肥, 各土层土壤硝态氮和铵态氮含量均随处理浓度的增加而增加, 0-20 cm土层N20、N40、N60处理下土壤硝态氮和铵态氮分别较CK增加63.48%、126.04%、247.03%和80.66%、152.52%、244.56%; 随着土层深度增加, 土壤硝态氮、铵态氮含量均有下降, 20-40、40-60 cm土层较0-20 cm土层硝态氮含量分别平均减少53.90%、76.05%, 铵态氮含量分别平均减少48.62%、68.23%。(2)土壤净硝化速率、净氨化速率及净矿化速率随着氮肥浓度增加均呈上升趋势。相同氮肥添加浓度下, 土壤净硝化速率、净氨化速率和净矿化速率随着土层深度增加逐渐下降(除CK外)。(3)与单独添加氮肥比较, 氮硅肥配施, 土壤氮含量有显著提高, 在0-20 cm土层硝态氮和铵态氮较CK分别增加98.78%、192.62%、330.16%和99.96%、195.82%、306.32%, 20-40、40-60 cm土层也有类似趋势。同时, 氮硅配施促进了土壤氮矿化行为, 在0-20 cm土层, N60Si4处理下的土壤净硝化速率、净氨化速率较单独施氮时分别增加35.88%、27.41%。以上结果表明, 与单独氮肥添加相比, 氮硅配施不但能提高土壤氮含量, 而且能促进土壤氮的矿化作用, 对大气氮沉降有一定的缓解作用。

关键词: 青藏高原, 养分添加, 硝态氮, 铵态氮, 土壤氮矿化, 氮沉降

Abstract:

Aims To understand the effects of nitrogen and silicon addition on soil nitrogen mineralization in the context of global climate change.
Methods Nitrogen fertilizer with different concentration were added separately (0, 20, 40, 60 g·m ^-2, namely CK, N20, N40, N60, respectively) and combined with silicon fertilizer (4 g·m ^-2 silicic acid, namely Si4). Soil nitrate and ammonium nitrogen contents, net nitrification rate, net ammonification rate as well as net mineralization rate in 0-20, 20-40 and 40-60 cm depth profiles were measured.
Important findings (1) When nitrogen fertilizer was applied alone, soil nitrate and ammonium nitrogen contents under N20, N40, N60 treatments in 0-20 cm soil layer increased by 63.48%, 126.04%, 247.03% and 80.66%, 152.52%, 244.56% respectively, compared with CK. With the increase of soil depth, soil nitrate and ammonium nitrogen both decreased, the nitrate nitrogen content in 20-40 and 40-60 cm soil layers decreased by an average of 53.90%, 76.05% respectively and the ammonium nitrogen content decreased by an average of 48.62%, 68.23% respectively, compared with 0-20 cm soil layer. (2) With the increase of N application, soil net nitrification rate, net ammoniation rate and net mineralization rate all showed an increasing trend. Under the same nitrogen fertilizer concentration, with the increase of soil depth, net nitrification rate, net ammonification rate and net mineralization rate gradually decreased (except for CK). (3) Compared with nitrogen addition alone, soil nitrogen content was significantly improved when nitrogen and silicon fertilizers were both applied, in the 0-20 cm soil layer, the increase ratio of nitrate nitrogen and ammonium nitrogen were 98.78%, 192.62%, 330.16% and 99.96%, 195.82%, 306.32% respectively, compared with CK. This trend was also found in the 20-40 and 40-60 cm soil layers. The results also showed that combined application of nitrogen and silicon had a significant effect on soil nitrogen mineralization. For example, net nitrification rate and net ammonification rate under N60Si4 treatment increased by 35.88% and 27.41% respectively in the 0-20 cm soil layer, compared with nitrogen application alone. The above results showed that compared with the nitrogen addition alone, the application of both nitrogen and silicon can not only increase the nitrogen content in different soil layers, but also promote the mineralization of soil nitrogen and therefore having a certain mitigation effect on atmospheric nitrogen deposition.

Key words: Qinghai-Xizang Plateau, nutrients addition, nitrate nitrogen, ammonium nitrogen, soil nitrogen mineralization, nitrogen deposition

牟静, 宾振钧, 李秋霞, 卜海燕, 张仁懿, 徐当会. 氮硅添加对青藏高原高寒草甸土壤氮矿化的影响. 植物生态学报, 2019, 43(1): 77-84. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2018.0218

MOU Jing, BIN Zhen-Jun, LI Qiu-Xia, BU Hai-Yan, ZHANG Ren-Yi, XU Dang-Hui. Effects of nitrogen and silicon addition on soil nitrogen mineralization in alpine meadows of Qinghai-Xizang Plateau. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2019, 43(1): 77-84. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2018.0218

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https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/Y2019/V43/I1/77

图/表 6

图1 青藏高原高寒草甸不同施氮浓度下不同土层硝态氮含量变化(平均值±标准误差, n = 6)。CK、N20、N40、N60, 分别添加NH4NO3 0、20、40、60 g·m-2; Si4, 添加硅酸4 g·m-2。不同小写字母表示处理间差异显著(p < 0.05)。

Fig. 1 Change of NO3--N content in alpine meadows of Qinghai-Xizang Plateau under different nitrogen concentrations (mean ± SE, n = 6). CK, N20, N40, N60, added NH4NO3 0, 20, 40, 60 g·m-2, respectively; Si4, added silicic acid 4 g·m-2. Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences among treatments (p < 0.05).

图2 青藏高原高寒草甸不同施氮浓度下不同土层铵态氮含量变化(平均值±标准误差, n = 6)。CK、N20、N40、N60, 分别添加NH4NO3 0、20、40、60 g·m-2; Si4, 添加硅酸4 g·m-2。不同小写字母表示处理间差异显著(p < 0.05)。

Fig. 2 Change of NH4+-N content in alpine meadows of Qinghai-Xizang Plateau under different nitrogen concentrations (mean ± SE, n = 6). CK, N20, N40, N60, added NH4NO3 0, 20, 40, 60 g·m-2, respectively; Si4, added silicic acid 4 g·m-2. Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences among treatments (p < 0.05).

图3 青藏高原高寒草甸不同施氮浓度下土壤净硝化速率(平均值±标准误差, n = 6)。CK、N20、N40、N60, 分别添加NH4NO3 0、20、40、60 g·m-2; Si4, 添加硅酸4 g·m-2。不同小写字母表示处理间差异显著(p < 0.05)。

Fig. 3 Net nitrification rates under different nitrogen concentrations in alpine meadows of Qinghai-Xizang Plateau (mean ± SE, n = 6). CK, N20, N40, N60, added NH4NO3 0, 20, 40, 60 g·m-2, respectively; Si4, added silicic acid 4 g·m-2. Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences among treatments (p < 0.05).

图4 青藏高原高寒草甸不同施氮浓度下土壤净氨化速率(平均值±标准误差, n = 6)。CK、N20、N40、N60, 分别添加NH4NO3 0、20、40、60 g·m-2; Si4, 添加硅酸4 g·m-2。不同小写字母表示处理间差异显著(p < 0.05)。

Fig. 4 Net ammonification rates under different nitrogen concentrations in alpine meadows of Qinghai-Xizang Plateau (mean ± SE, n = 6). CK, N20, N40, N60, added NH4NO3 0, 20, 40, 60 g·m-2, respectively; Si4, added silicic acid 4 g·m-2. Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences among treatments (p < 0.05).

图5 青藏高原高寒草甸不同施氮浓度下土壤净矿化速率(平均值±标准误差, n = 6)。CK、N20、N40、N60, 分别添加NH4NO3 0、20、40、60 g·m-2; Si4, 添加硅酸4 g·m-2。不同小写字母表示处理间差异显著(p < 0.05)。

Fig. 5 Net mineralization rates under different nitrogen concentrations in alpine meadows of Qinghai-Xizang Plateau (mean ± SE, n = 6). CK, N20, N40, N60, added NH4NO3 0, 20, 40, 60 g·m-2, respectively; Si4, added silicic acid 4 g·m-2. Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences among treatments (p < 0.05).

表1 施肥、土壤深度对青藏高原高寒草甸土壤净矿化速率的双因素方差分析结果

Table 1 Two-factor variance analysis between fertilization and soil depths on soil net mineralization rate in alpine meadows of Qinghai-Xizang Plateau

来源 Source	第三类平方和 Type III sum of squares	df	均方 Mean Square	F	显著性 Sig.
校正模型 Corrected Model	1 436 023.182^a	8	179 502.898	5 325.359	0.000
截距 Intercept	1 238 798.353	1	1 238 798.353	36 751.753	0.000
NSi	906 007.721	2	453 003.860	13 439.383	0.000
SD	318 252.753	2	159 126.376	4 720.844	0.000
NSi × SD	211 762.709	4	52 940.677	1 570.605	0.000
误差 Error	606.729	18	33.707
总计 Total	2 675 428.265	27
校正后总数 Corrected total	1 436 629.912	26

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氮硅添加对青藏高原高寒草甸土壤氮矿化的影响

Effects of nitrogen and silicon addition on soil nitrogen mineralization in alpine meadows of Qinghai-Xizang Plateau

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