外部干扰对根茎型克隆植物甘草自然种群植株生长及主要药用成分含量的影响

doi:10.17521/cjpe.2020.0188

植物生态学报 ›› 2020, Vol. 44 ›› Issue (9): 951-961.DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2020.0188

外部干扰对根茎型克隆植物甘草自然种群植株生长及主要药用成分含量的影响

叶学华¹^,^*(), 薛建国¹, 谢秀芳², 黄振英¹

¹中国科学院植物研究所植被与环境变化国家重点实验室, 北京 100093
²首都医科大学医学人文学院, 北京 100069

收稿日期:2020-06-12 接受日期:2020-08-13 出版日期:2020-09-20 发布日期:2020-09-03
通讯作者: * 叶学华 E-mail: (yexuehua@ibcas.ac.cn ).ORCID:叶学华: 0000-0002-5625-9877
基金资助:
中国科学院科技服务网络计划项目(KFJ-EW-STS-118);国家重点研发计划(2016YFC050080502)

Effects of different disturbances on plant growth and content of main medicinal ingredients of rhizomatous clonal plant Glycyrrhiza uralensis in a natural population

YE Xue-Hua¹^,^*(), XUE Jian-Guo¹, XIE Xiu-Fang², HUANG Zhen-Ying¹

¹State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
²School of Medical Humanities, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China

Received:2020-06-12 Accepted:2020-08-13 Online:2020-09-20 Published:2020-09-03
Contact: YE Xue-Hua
Supported by:
Supported by the Science and Technology Service Network Initiative Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences(KFJ-EW-STS-118);the National Key R&D Program of China(2016YFC050080502)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

克隆植物, 特别是游击型克隆植物, 其分株在一定时间段往往通过连接结构(即间隔子)连接在一起形成克隆网络, 基于克隆网络的克隆植物特性显著提高了克隆植物应对外部干扰的能力。长期封育禁牧使得甘草(Glycyrrhiza uralensis)自然种群免受外部干扰, 却并没有促使受破坏的甘草自然种群快速恢复。因为克隆整合、克隆储存及克隆分株的选择性放置等克隆植物特性的存在, 适度的外部干扰有利于根茎型克隆植物甘草的生长与繁衍。但外部干扰与克隆植物特性在甘草种群恢复中的作用及其机理目前并不清楚。该研究以甘草自然种群为研究对象, 通过野外控制实验进行模拟动物采食和人工采挖干扰, 探讨不同程度干扰对甘草自然种群生长和主要药用成分含量的影响。结果表明在中度放牧采食干扰或者人工采挖干扰下, 甘草自然种群的分株密度、高度和地上生物量与对照相比均没有显著差异, 甘草表现出等补偿生长; 而在不同类型的重度干扰下, 甘草产生的响应不一致。重度放牧采食干扰下甘草表现出欠补偿生长, 而重度人工采挖干扰下甘草表现出超补偿生长。克隆植物特性在甘草应对外部干扰过程中发挥着重要作用。外部干扰一定程度上提高了甘草中甘草苷和甘草酸的含量, 从而提升了药材的品质。进一步的研究应该关注于甘草自然种群与环境因子之间的关系, 解析甘草自然种群退化的原因, 提出相应的复壮技术, 探讨可持续利用的管理模式。

关键词: 补偿生长, 干扰, 根茎网络, 克隆植物, 自然种群, 药材品质, 甘草

Abstract:

Aims Long-term enclosure and grazing prohibition protects Glycyrrhiza uralensis natural population from external disturbances, such as excessive excavation or overgrazing, but it does not prompt the rapid recovery of the damaged G. uralensis natural population. Appropriate external disturbance is always beneficial to the growth and reproduction of clonal plants such as G. uralensis due to plant clonality. But the roles and mechanisms of disturbances and plant clonality in the recovery of damaged G. uralensis natural populations are still not clear.
Methods A natural population of G. uralensis was chosen in the present research, and a field experiment with both clipping (simulated grazing disturbance) and ramet digging out (simulated human excavation disturbance) treatments was conducted to test the effects of different disturbances on plant growth and the content of medicinal ingredients of G. uralensis in the natural population.
Important findings The results showed that moderate disturbances, including clipping and ramet digging out treatments, had no significant effects on the ramet density, height and shoot biomass of individual ramets of G. uralensis in the natural population, suggesting the same compensation growth in G. uralensis. In contrast, G. uralensis showed different responses to severe disturbances, depending on the disturbance type. Significantly lower ramet density, height and shoot biomass of individual ramets were observed in G. uralensis under severe clipping treatment, indicating undercompensated growth; while significantly higher ramet height, shoot biomass of individual ramets and also total shoot biomass of plant population were observed under severe digging out treatment, suggesting super-compensatory growth in G. uralensis. Plant clonality, including clonal integration, clonal storage and selective placement of ramets, played important roles in the response of G. uralensis to external disturbance. The content of liquritin and glycyrrhizic acid in taproot of G. uralensis was improved to some extent by external disturbance, suggesting that disturbance at certain levels may improve the medicinal material quality of G. uralensis.

Key words: compensatory growth, disturbance, rhizome network, clonal plant, natural population, medicinal materials quality, Glycyrrhiza uralensis

叶学华, 薛建国, 谢秀芳, 黄振英. 外部干扰对根茎型克隆植物甘草自然种群植株生长及主要药用成分含量的影响. 植物生态学报, 2020, 44(9): 951-961. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2020.0188

YE Xue-Hua, XUE Jian-Guo, XIE Xiu-Fang, HUANG Zhen-Ying. Effects of different disturbances on plant growth and content of main medicinal ingredients of rhizomatous clonal plant Glycyrrhiza uralensis in a natural population. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2020, 44(9): 951-961. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2020.0188

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链接本文: https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/10.17521/cjpe.2020.0188

https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/Y2020/V44/I9/951

图/表 5

图1 模拟动物采食和人工采挖甘草实验处理。

Fig. 1 Experiments with both clipping (simulated grazing disturbance) and ramet digging out (simulated human excavation disturbance) treatments of Glycyrrhiza uralensis.

表1 刈割和挖除干扰对甘草生长及其主要药用成分的影响

Table 1 Effects of clipping and digging treatments on plant growth and content of main medicinal ingredients in the taproots of Glycyrrhiza uralensis

性状 Trait	刈割 Clipping			挖除 Digging
	df	F	p	df	F	p
植物生长 Plant growth
分株高度 Height of ramets	2, 89	8.513	<0.001	2, 89	3.823	0.026
分株冠幅 Canopy of ramets	2, 89	3.113	0.049	2, 89	3.896	0.024
分株密度 Density of ramets	2, 17	5.051	0.021	2, 17	2.499	0.116
主根长 Taproot length	2, 17	0.296	0.748	2, 17	0.012	0.988
芦头直径 Diameter of reed head	2, 17	1.425	0.271	2, 17	1.806	0.198
分株生物量 Biomass of single ramet
地上生物量 Shoot biomass	2, 17	2.241	0.141	2, 17	3.867	0.044
主根生物量 Root biomass	2, 17	0.046	0.956	2, 17	0.672	0.525
主根药用成分含量 Medicinal ingredients
甘草苷含量 Liquritin content	2, 17	1.613	0.252	2, 17	2.964	0.103
甘草酸含量 Glycyrrhizic acid content	2, 17	1.722	0.233	2, 17	2.040	0.186

图2 不同处理下甘草分株地上生物量(A、B)和主根生物量(C、D)(平均值±标准误差)。不同小写字母表示处理之间差异显著(p < 0.05)。

Fig. 2 Shoot (A, B) and taproot biomass (C, D) of individual ramets of Glycyrrhiza uralensis under different experimental treatments (mean ± SE). Different lowercase letters represent significant differences between different treatments (p < 0.05).

图3 不同处理下甘草分株密度(A、B)、分株高度(C、D)、分株冠幅(E、F)和主根长度(G、H)(平均值±标准误差)。不同小写字母表示处理之间差异显著(p < 0.05)。

Fig. 3 Ramet density (A, B), ramet height (C, D), ramet canopy (E, F) and taproot length (G, H) in Glycyrrhiza uralensis under different experimental treatments (mean ± SE). Different lowercase letters represent significant differences between different treatments (p < 0.05).

图4 不同处理下甘草主根甘草苷含量(A、B)和甘草酸含量(C、D)(平均值±标准误差)。不同小写字母表示处理之间差异显著(p < 0.05)。

Fig. 4 The content of liquritin (A, B) and glycyrrhizic acid (C, D) of taproot in Glycyrrhiza uralensis under different experimental treatments (mean ± SE). Different lowercase letters represent significant differences between different treatments (p < 0.05).

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外部干扰对根茎型克隆植物甘草自然种群植株生长及主要药用成分含量的影响

Effects of different disturbances on plant growth and content of main medicinal ingredients of rhizomatous clonal plant Glycyrrhiza uralensis in a natural population

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