高原鼠兔干扰对高寒草甸β多样性的影响

doi:10.17521/cjpe.2020.0274

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

β多样性反映生物群落沿某一环境梯度的物种周转速率, 该研究尝试采用β多样性揭示植物群落随小型啮齿草食动物干扰梯度变化的生态过程。该研究利用野外随机样地的采集数据, 分析了高原鼠兔(Ochotona curzoniae)不同干扰强度下Whittaker指数的变化特征, 并利用群落二元丰富度的方差分解法, 确定了单个物种(SCBD)和单个干扰位点(LCBD)对β多样性的贡献。主要结果: 随高原鼠兔干扰强度增加, 植物群落内物种周转速率呈先增加后降低的趋势; 占据位点数居中的物种对区域内的β多样性贡献较大, 其中冰草(Agropyron cristatum)、臭蒿(Artemisia hedinii)、小花草玉梅(Anemone rivularis var. flore-minore)等单个物种对整个区域内β多样性的贡献最为突出; 整个区域内干扰位点T₀ (高原鼠兔干扰强度为0)对区域β多样性贡献值最大, LCBD值和该位点的群落丰富度呈显著负相关关系, 但与高原鼠兔干扰强度无显著关联。说明重点保护LCBD值高的干扰位点所在的高寒草甸, 以及SCBD值较高的冰草、臭蒿、小花草玉梅, 对保护高原鼠兔存在时高寒草甸植物群落多样性具有重要意义。

关键词: 高原鼠兔, 高寒草甸, β多样性, 干扰, 相关性

Abstract:

Aims β diversity reflects species turnover rate across environmental gradients, and this study attempts to use β diversity to reveal relevant ecological processes underlying the changes in plant community composition along a disturbance gradient induced by small burrowing herbivores.
Methods This study conducted a field survey at Gangcha County in the Qingzang Plateau to determine the effect of disturbance intensities of plateau pika (Ochotona curzoniae) on the β diversity of an alpine meadow measured by Whittaker’s index. Then a variance decomposition was used to measure the contribution of individual species to overall β diversity (SCBD) and single interference sites to overall β diversity (LCBD) according presence- absence community matrix.
Important findings The turnover rate of species in the plant community first increased and then decreased with the increase of the disturbance intensities induced by plateau pika. Species with intermediate site occupancy had a greater contribution to β diversity, in which Agropyron cristatum, Artemisia hedinii and Anemone rivular var. flore-minore were the single-species plants that contributed the most to the β diversity of the study regions. The disturbance plot T₀ with the absence of plateau pika had the greatest contribution to the β diversity of whole study region. LCBD of individual site was negetively related to species richness of that individual site, and had no significant correlation with the disturbed intensity of plateau pika. These results indicate that alpine meadows distributed in high LCBD and Agropyron cristatum, Artemisia hedinii and Anemone rivularis var. flore-minore with high SCBD should be protected to conserve plant diversity when the plateau pikas are present.

Key words: plateau pika, alpine meadow, β diversity, disturbance, correlation

李捷, 陈莹莹, 乔福云, 郅堤港, 郭正刚. 高原鼠兔干扰对高寒草甸β多样性的影响. 植物生态学报, 2021, 45(5): 476-486. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2020.0274

LI Jie, CHEN Ying-Ying, QIAO Fu-Yun, ZHI Di-Gang, GUO Zheng-Gang. Effects of disturbance by plateau pika on the β diversity of an alpine meadow. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2021, 45(5): 476-486. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2020.0274

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链接本文: https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/10.17521/cjpe.2020.0274

https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/Y2021/V45/I5/476

图/表 9

参考文献 46

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位点 Site	有效洞口密度 Active burrow entrance (burrows·hm^-2)	物种数¹⁾ Species number¹⁾	丰富度²⁾ Species richness²⁾
T₀	0	22	20.2
T₁	335	26	20.4
T₂	417	30	20.6
T₃	555	34	22.4
T₄	710	39	23.4
T₅	759	36	23.0
T₆	906	31	19.6
T₇	1 004	29	19.4
T₈	1 186	27	17.6
T₉	1 360	24	15.8
T₁₀	1 633	21	13.8

位点 Site	有效洞口密度 Active burrow entrance (burrows·hm^-2)	物种数¹⁾ Species number¹⁾	丰富度²⁾ Species richness²⁾
T₀	0	22	20.2
T₁	335	26	20.4
T₂	417	30	20.6
T₃	555	34	22.4
T₄	710	39	23.4
T₅	759	36	23.0
T₆	906	31	19.6
T₇	1 004	29	19.4
T₈	1 186	27	17.6
T₉	1 360	24	15.8
T₁₀	1 633	21	13.8

物种 Species	位点数 No. of site	物种 Species	位点数 No. of site
SP1 高山嵩草 Kobresia pygmaea	11	SP25 圆穗蓼 Polygonum macrophyllum	10
SP2 青藏薹草 Carex moorcroftii	11	SP26 西伯利亚蓼 Polygonum sibiricum	3
SP3 高山豆 Tibetia himalaica	11	SP27 酸模 Rumex acetosa	5
SP4 多枝黄耆 Astragalus polycladus	8	SP28 珠芽蓼 Polygonum viviparum	4
SP5 黄花棘豆 Oxytropis ochrocephala	11	SP29 多裂委陵菜 Potentilla multifida	9
SP6 披针叶黄华 Thermopsis lanceolata	4	SP30 二裂委陵菜 Potentilla bifurca	7
SP7 针茅 Stipa capillata	6	SP31 莓叶委陵菜 Potentilla fragarioides	11
SP8 紫羊茅 Festuca rubra	11	SP32 鹅绒委陵菜 Potentilla anserina	5
SP9 垂穗披碱草 Elymus nutans	4	SP33 獐牙菜 Swertia bimaculata	7
SP10 高原早熟禾 Poa alpigena	11	SP34 达乌里秦艽 Gentiana dahurica	9
SP11 冰草 Agropyron cristatum	5	SP35 刺芒龙胆 Gentiana aristata	11
SP12 美丽风毛菊 Saussurea pulchra	11	SP36 矮生嵩草 Kobresia humilis	8
SP13 矮火绒草 Leontopodium nanum	8	SP37 肉果草 Lancea tibetica	10
SP14 蒲公英 Taraxacum mongolicum	8	SP38 婆婆纳 Veronica didyma	5
SP15 甘肃马先蒿 Pedicularis kansuensis	8	SP39 打碗花 Calystegia hederacea	6
SP16 紫苑 Aster tataricus	4	SP40 车前 Plantago asiatica	9
SP17 臭蒿 Artemisia hedinii	6	SP41 狼毒 Euphorbia fischeriana	7
SP18 乳白香青 Anaphalis lactea	9	SP42 微孔草 Microula sikkimensis	3
SP19 细叶亚菊 Ajania tenuifolia	8	SP43 长茎藁本 Ligusticum thomsonii	3
SP20 唐松草 Thalictrum aquilegifolium	10	SP44 地锦 Euphorbia humifusa	1
SP21 钝裂银莲花 Anemone obtusiloba	6	SP45 鸢尾 Iris tectorum	3
SP22 高原毛莨 Ranunculus tanguticus	4	SP46 女娄菜 Silene aprica	4
SP23 疏齿银莲花 Anemone obtusiloba	2	SP47 细果角茴香 Hypecoum leptocarpum	2
SP24 小花草玉梅 Anemone rivularis var. flore-minore	4

物种 Species	位点数 No. of site	物种 Species	位点数 No. of site
SP1 高山嵩草 Kobresia pygmaea	11	SP25 圆穗蓼 Polygonum macrophyllum	10
SP2 青藏薹草 Carex moorcroftii	11	SP26 西伯利亚蓼 Polygonum sibiricum	3
SP3 高山豆 Tibetia himalaica	11	SP27 酸模 Rumex acetosa	5
SP4 多枝黄耆 Astragalus polycladus	8	SP28 珠芽蓼 Polygonum viviparum	4
SP5 黄花棘豆 Oxytropis ochrocephala	11	SP29 多裂委陵菜 Potentilla multifida	9
SP6 披针叶黄华 Thermopsis lanceolata	4	SP30 二裂委陵菜 Potentilla bifurca	7
SP7 针茅 Stipa capillata	6	SP31 莓叶委陵菜 Potentilla fragarioides	11
SP8 紫羊茅 Festuca rubra	11	SP32 鹅绒委陵菜 Potentilla anserina	5
SP9 垂穗披碱草 Elymus nutans	4	SP33 獐牙菜 Swertia bimaculata	7
SP10 高原早熟禾 Poa alpigena	11	SP34 达乌里秦艽 Gentiana dahurica	9
SP11 冰草 Agropyron cristatum	5	SP35 刺芒龙胆 Gentiana aristata	11
SP12 美丽风毛菊 Saussurea pulchra	11	SP36 矮生嵩草 Kobresia humilis	8
SP13 矮火绒草 Leontopodium nanum	8	SP37 肉果草 Lancea tibetica	10
SP14 蒲公英 Taraxacum mongolicum	8	SP38 婆婆纳 Veronica didyma	5
SP15 甘肃马先蒿 Pedicularis kansuensis	8	SP39 打碗花 Calystegia hederacea	6
SP16 紫苑 Aster tataricus	4	SP40 车前 Plantago asiatica	9
SP17 臭蒿 Artemisia hedinii	6	SP41 狼毒 Euphorbia fischeriana	7
SP18 乳白香青 Anaphalis lactea	9	SP42 微孔草 Microula sikkimensis	3
SP19 细叶亚菊 Ajania tenuifolia	8	SP43 长茎藁本 Ligusticum thomsonii	3
SP20 唐松草 Thalictrum aquilegifolium	10	SP44 地锦 Euphorbia humifusa	1
SP21 钝裂银莲花 Anemone obtusiloba	6	SP45 鸢尾 Iris tectorum	3
SP22 高原毛莨 Ranunculus tanguticus	4	SP46 女娄菜 Silene aprica	4
SP23 疏齿银莲花 Anemone obtusiloba	2	SP47 细果角茴香 Hypecoum leptocarpum	2
SP24 小花草玉梅 Anemone rivularis var. flore-minore	4