增温和氮磷添加对亚热带森林凋落物溶解有机碳生物可降解性的影响

doi:10.17521/cjpe.2023.0272

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

凋落物源溶解有机碳(DOC)是森林土壤DOC的重要来源, 其生物降解性的大小会影响土壤有机碳的固定和损失。关注气候变暖、氮磷养分输入量增加等因子对DOC生物降解性的影响, 有助于深入理解全球变化背景下森林土壤有机碳的形成和稳定。该研究依托亚热带常绿阔叶林野外增温实验平台, 以分解0天(未分解)和180天(分解中后期)的格氏栲(Castanopsis kawakamii)的叶片凋落物为研究对象, 探究增温和氮磷添加及其交互作用对不同分解阶段的凋落物源DOC生物可降解性(BDOC)及相应的光谱指标变化量(ΔDOC光谱指标)的影响。结果表明: (1)凋落物BDOC随凋落物分解逐渐降低, 分解中后期较未分解阶段减少了22.6%。(2)增温显著提高未分解凋落物的BDOC, 但未显著影响分解中后期的BDOC。同时, 增温也显著增加了未分解阶段的ΔDOC光谱指标, 且未显著影响分解中后期的ΔDOC光谱指标。(3)氮添加显著降低了未分解阶段的BDOC, 但提高了分解中后期的BDOC。与BDOC不同, 氮添加均未显著影响两个分解阶段的ΔDOC光谱指标。(4)磷添加不仅显著提高未分解和分解中后期凋落物BDOC, 也显著增加了两个阶段的ΔDOC光谱指标。(5)增温和氮磷添加对凋落物BDOC和ΔDOC光谱指标均存在显著交互作用。总之, 增温和磷添加均会加速未分解凋落物源DOC的降解, 而分解中后期凋落物源DOC的降解主要受氮磷养分含量的影响。

关键词: 增温, 氮添加, 磷添加, 亚热带森林, 凋落物, 溶解有机碳生物可降解性, 格氏栲

Abstract:

Aims The biodegradability of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) is crucial to affect the amount of soil organic carbon in forest ecosystems as litter-derived DOC is one of the important sources of soil DOC. To further understand the formation and stability of forest soil organic carbon under climate change scenarios, it is essential to focus on the effects of climate warming and nutrient addition on the biodegradability of DOC (BDOC).

Methods Based on a manipulative soil warming experiment in a subtropical evergreen broadleaf forest, we took leaf litter of Castanopsis kawakamii with 0-day decomposition (undecomposed stage) and 180-day decomposition (middle-late stage of decomposition) as research materials. We experimentally quantified the effects of warming and nitrogen and phosphorus addition and their interactions on the BDOC of litter and the corresponding variation in ultraviolet-visible spectral index (ΔDOC spectral index) at different decomposition stages.

Important findings The results showed that: (1) the BDOC decreased gradually with litter decomposition, with a 22.6% reduction at the middle-late stage of decomposition compared to the undecomposed stage. (2) Warming significantly enhanced the BDOC at undecomposed stage while had no significant effects at the middle-late stage. Similarly, warming significantly increased the ΔDOC spectral index of undecomposed litter, but not at the milled-late stage. (3) Nitrogen addition significantly decreased BDOC at undecomposed stage but increased it at the middle-late stage. However, nitrogen addition did not change ΔDOC spectrum index at both decomposition stages. (4) Phosphorus addition significantly enhanced BDOC and ΔDOC spectrum index at both decomposition stages. (5) The interaction between warming and nutrient addition also had significant effects on increasing BDOC and ΔDOC spectrum index. Overall, both warming and phosphorus addition accelerated the degradation of DOC derived from undecomposed litter, while the degradation of DOC derived from middle-late decomposed litter was mainly regulated by nutrient contents.

Key words: warming, nitrogen addition, phosphorus addition, subtropical forest, litter, dissolved organic carbon biodegradability, Castanopsis kawakamii

冉佳鑫, 张宇辉, 王云, 杨智杰, 毛超. 增温和氮磷添加对亚热带森林凋落物溶解有机碳生物可降解性的影响. 植物生态学报, 2024, 48(9): 1232-1242. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2023.0272

RAN Jia-Xin, ZHANG Yu-Hui, WANG Yun, YANG Zhi-Jie, MAO Chao. Effects of warming and nitrogen and phosphorus addition on dissolved organic carbon biodegradability of litter in a subtropical forest. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2024, 48(9): 1232-1242. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2023.0272

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链接本文: https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/10.17521/cjpe.2023.0272

https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/Y2024/V48/I9/1232

图/表 7

表1 格氏栲天然林对照和增温样地的土壤微生物属性(平均值±标准误)

Table 1 Soil microbial properties of the warming (CK) and control (W) plots in the Castanopsis kawakamii forest (mean ± SE)

因子 Factor	对照 CK	增温 W
MBC (mg·kg^-1)	181.05 ± 9.05^a	148.38 ± 6.32^b
MBN (mg·kg^-1)	79.99 ± 6.63^a	53.17 ± 2.97^b
MBC/MBN	2.30 ± 0.16^b	2.82 ± 0.17^a
βG (nmol·h^-1·g^-1)	19.47 ± 0.87^b	24.93 ± 1.00^a
CBH (nmol·h^-1·g^-1)	0.61 ± 0.04^b	1.23 ± 0.05^a
PPO (nmol·h^-1·g^-1)	0.68 ± 0.04^b	0.97 ± 0.07^a
Px (nmol·h^-1·g^-1)	5.00 ± 0.50^b	7.20 ± 0.35^a

图1 增温和分解时间对亚热带森林凋落物可溶性有机碳(DOC)含量的影响(平均值±标准误)。CK, 对照; t, 分解时间; W, 增温。不同小写字母表示增温和对照间存在显著差异(p < 0.05)。

Fig. 1 Effects of warming and decomposition time on dissolved organic carbon (DOC) content of litter in a subtropical forest (mean ± SE). CK, control treatment; t, decomposition time; W, warming. Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences (p < 0.05) between warming and control treatment.

表2 增温和养分添加对亚热带森林凋落物分解0天和180天可溶性有机碳(DOC)生物可降解性的影响

Table 2 Effects of warming and nutrient addition on 0-day decomposition and 180-day decomposition litter-derived dissolved organic carbon (DOC) in a subtropical forest

处理 Treatment	分解0天 0-day decomposition		分解180天 180-day decomposition
处理 Treatment	F	p	F	p
W	21.18	<0.01	0.01	0.91
N	5.57	<0.05	5.90	<0.05
P	167.92	<0.01	144.70	<0.01
N × P	50.94	<0.01	4.87	<0.05
W × N	3.05	0.09	0.74	0.40
W × P	21.11	<0.01	4.77	<0.05
W × N × P	5.29	<0.05	3.44	0.07

图2 增温和氮磷添加对亚热带森林凋落物分解0天(A)和180天(B)可溶性有机碳生物可降解性(BODC)的影响(平均值±标准误)。CK, 对照; N, 氮添加; NP, 氮和磷添加的交互作用; P, 磷添加; W, 增温; WN, 增温和氮添加的交互作用; WNP, 增温、氮和磷添加的交互作用; WP, 增温和磷添加的交互作用。

Fig. 2 Effects of warming and nitrogen and phosphorus addition on the biodegradability of litter-derived dissolved oganic carbon (BDOC) at 0-day decomposition (A) and 180-day decomposition (B) stage in a subtropical forest (mean ± SE). CK, control treatment; N, nitrogen addition; NP, interaction between nitrogen and phosphorus addition; P, phosphorus addition; W, warming; WN, interaction between warming and nitrogen addition; WNP, interactions among warming, nitrogen and phosphorus addition; WP, interaction between warming and phosphorus addition.

表3 增温和氮磷添加对亚热带森林凋落物分解0天和180天可溶性有机碳光谱指标变化量(ΔDOC)的影响

Table 3 Effects of warming and nitrogen and phosphorus addition on the variation in dissolved organic carbon (ΔDOC) spectral index of littex at 0-day decomposition and 180-day decomposition stages in a subtropical forest.

分解时间 Decomposition time	处理 Treatment	ΔSUVA₂₅₄		ΔSUVA₂₆₀		ΔSUVA₂₈₀		Δa₃₀₀
分解时间 Decomposition time	处理 Treatment	F	p	F	p	F	p	F	p
分解0天 0-day decomposition	W	4.23	<0.05	6.82	<0.05	11.92	<0.01	0.45	0.51
	N	6.23	<0.05	0.27	0.61	0.40	0.53	8.34	<0.01
	P	55.52	<0.01	34.63	<0.01	51.21	<0.01	31.14	<0.01
	N × P	20.35	<0.01	9.52	<0.01	6.65	<0.05	11.88	<0.01
	W × N	2.85	0.10	6.22	<0.05	0.45	0.51	0.17	0.68
	W × P	7.04	<0.05	6.51	<0.05	4.31	<0.05	0.32	0.57
	W × N × P	1.92	0.18	0.02	0.89	2.93	0.10	0.25	0.62
分解180天 180-day decomposition	W	0.69	0.41	1.01	0.32	0.46	0.50	0.02	0.89
	N	2.04	0.16	2.54	0.12	2.84	0.10	0.54	0.47
	P	30.57	<0.01	49.27	<0.01	21.43	<0.01	49.74	<0.01
	N × P	<0.01	0.99	1.28	0.27	5.93	<0.05	0.03	0.86
	W × N	<0.01	1.00	0.02	0.88	0.03	0.87	5.74	<0.05
	W × P	2.35	0.14	6.99	<0.05	5.99	<0.05	0.03	0.86
	W × N × P	0.03	0.86	0.61	0.44	2.47	0.13	5.68	<0.05

图3 增温和氮磷添加对亚热带森林凋落物分解0天和180天可溶性有机碳光谱指标变化量(ΔDOC)的影响(平均值±标准误)。ΔSUVA254、ΔSUVA260、ΔSUVA280和Δa300分别表征凋落物浸提液的芳香化程度、疏水性组分、高分子量化合物和发色团物质在培养28天后的变化量。CK, 对照; N, 氮添加; NP, 氮和磷添加的交互作用; P, 磷添加; W, 增温; WN, 增温和氮添加的交互作用; WNP, 增温、氮和磷添加的交互作用; WP, 增温和磷添加的交互作用。

Fig. 3 Effects of warming and nitrogen and phosphorus addition on the variations in dissolved organic carbon (ΔDOC) spectral index of litter with 0-day decomposition and 180-day decomposition in a subtropical forest (mean ± SE). ΔSUVA254, ΔSUVA260, ΔSUVA280 and Δa300 represented the aromaticity, hydrophobicity, high molecular weight and chromophoric dissolved oganic matter composition of leaf litter, respectively after 28-day incubation. CK, control treatment; N, nitrogen addition; NP, interaction between nitrogen and phosphorus addition; P, phosphorus addition; W, warming; WN, interaction between warming and nitrogen addition; WNP, interactions among warming, nitrogen and phosphorus addition; WP, interaction between warming and phosphorus addition.

图4 可溶性有机碳生物可降解性(BDOC)与凋落物初始可溶性有机碳(DOC)光谱指标和可溶性有机碳光谱指标变化量(ΔDOC)的拟合。SUVA254、SUVA260、SUVA280和a300分别表征凋落物浸提液的芳香化程度、疏水性组分、高分子量化合物和发色团物质。ΔSUVA254、ΔSUVA260、ΔSUVA280和Δa300分别表征凋落物浸提液的芳香化程度、疏水性组分、高分子量化合物和发色团物质在培养28天后的变化量。

Fig. 4 Variations of dissolved organic carbon biodegradability (BDOC) and corresponding the variations in dissolved organic carbon (ΔDOC) with initial dissolved organic carbon (DOC) during litter incubation. SUVA254, SUVA260, SUVA280 and a300 represented the aromaticity, hydrophobicity, high molecular weight and chromophoric dissolved organic matter (DOM) composition of leaf litter, respectively. ΔSUVA254, ΔSUVA260, ΔSUVA280 and Δa300 denoted the aromaticity, hydrophobicity, molecular weight and chromophoric DOM composition of leaf litter, respectively during 28-day incubation.

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