Chin J Plant Ecol ›› 2016, Vol. 40 ›› Issue (4): 292-303.DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2015.0314
Special Issue: 碳循环
• Research Articles • Previous Articles Next Articles
Huai YANG1,2, Yi-De LI1,*(), Hai REN3, Tu-Shou LUO1, Ren-Li CHEN1, Wen-Jie LIU4, De-Xiang CHEN1, Han XU1, Zhang ZHOU1, Ming-Xian LIN1, Qiu YANG4, Hai-Rong YAO4, Guo-Yi ZHOU3
Received:
2015-09-06
Accepted:
2016-02-19
Online:
2016-04-29
Published:
2016-04-30
Contact:
Yi-De LI
Huai YANG, Yi-De LI, Hai REN, Tu-Shou LUO, Ren-Li CHEN, Wen-Jie LIU, De-Xiang CHEN, Han XU, Zhang ZHOU, Ming-Xian LIN, Qiu YANG, Hai-Rong YAO, Guo-Yi ZHOU. Soil organic carbon density and influencing factors in tropical virgin forests of Hainan Island, China[J]. Chin J Plant Ecol, 2016, 40(4): 292-303.
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URL: https://www.plant-ecology.com/EN/10.17521/cjpe.2015.0314
研究点 Location | 经度 Longitude (E) | 纬度 Latitude (N) | 年平均气温 Mean annual temperature (℃) | 平均年降水量 Mean annual precipitation (mm) | 海拔范围 Elevation range (m) | 主要森林类型 Main forest type | 主要土壤类型 Main soil type |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
尖峰岭 Jianfengling | 108.60°- 109.08° | 18.38°- 18.83° | 25-20 | 1 700-2 600 | 600-1 400 | 低地雨林、山地雨林 Lowland rainforest, Montane rainforest | 砖红壤、砖黄壤 Latosol, lateritic yellow soil |
霸王岭 Bawangling | 108.97°- 109.88° | 18.88°- 19.33° | 25-20 | 1 500-2 300 | 600-1 500 | 低地雨林、山地雨林 Lowland rainforest, Montane rainforest | 砖红壤、砖黄壤 Latosol, lateritic yellow soil |
五指山 Wuzhishan | 109.65˚- 109.78˚ | 18.82˚- 18.97˚ | 24-19 | 2 300-2 500 | 800-1 800 | 山地雨林、山地常绿阔叶林 Montane rainforest, montane broadleaved evergreen forest | 砖黄壤、黄壤 lateritic yellow soil, yellow soil |
吊罗山 Diaoluoshan | 109.75°- 110.05° | 18.67°- 18.97° | 25-20 | 1 870-2 760 | 500-1 450 | 低地雨林、山地雨林 Lowland rainforest, Montane rainforest | 砖红壤、砖黄壤 Latosol, lateritic yellow soil |
鹦哥岭 Yinggeling | 109.18°- 109.57° | 18.82°- 19.13° | 24-20 | 1 800-2 700 | 600-1 800 | 山地雨林、山地常绿阔叶林 Montane rainforest, montane broadleaved evergreen forest | 砖红壤、砖黄壤、黄壤 Latosol, lateritic yellow soil, yellow soil |
Table 1 Basic conditions of the five tropical virgin forests in Hainan
研究点 Location | 经度 Longitude (E) | 纬度 Latitude (N) | 年平均气温 Mean annual temperature (℃) | 平均年降水量 Mean annual precipitation (mm) | 海拔范围 Elevation range (m) | 主要森林类型 Main forest type | 主要土壤类型 Main soil type |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
尖峰岭 Jianfengling | 108.60°- 109.08° | 18.38°- 18.83° | 25-20 | 1 700-2 600 | 600-1 400 | 低地雨林、山地雨林 Lowland rainforest, Montane rainforest | 砖红壤、砖黄壤 Latosol, lateritic yellow soil |
霸王岭 Bawangling | 108.97°- 109.88° | 18.88°- 19.33° | 25-20 | 1 500-2 300 | 600-1 500 | 低地雨林、山地雨林 Lowland rainforest, Montane rainforest | 砖红壤、砖黄壤 Latosol, lateritic yellow soil |
五指山 Wuzhishan | 109.65˚- 109.78˚ | 18.82˚- 18.97˚ | 24-19 | 2 300-2 500 | 800-1 800 | 山地雨林、山地常绿阔叶林 Montane rainforest, montane broadleaved evergreen forest | 砖黄壤、黄壤 lateritic yellow soil, yellow soil |
吊罗山 Diaoluoshan | 109.75°- 110.05° | 18.67°- 18.97° | 25-20 | 1 870-2 760 | 500-1 450 | 低地雨林、山地雨林 Lowland rainforest, Montane rainforest | 砖红壤、砖黄壤 Latosol, lateritic yellow soil |
鹦哥岭 Yinggeling | 109.18°- 109.57° | 18.82°- 19.13° | 24-20 | 1 800-2 700 | 600-1 800 | 山地雨林、山地常绿阔叶林 Montane rainforest, montane broadleaved evergreen forest | 砖红壤、砖黄壤、黄壤 Latosol, lateritic yellow soil, yellow soil |
地点 Location | 土壤有机碳含量 SOC content (g·kg-1) | 土壤容重 Soil bulk density (g·cm-3) | 土壤有机碳密度 SOC density (g·kg-1) |
---|---|---|---|
尖峰岭 Jianfengling | 11.32 | 1.33 | 14.98 |
霸王岭 Bawangling | 14.84 | 1.25 | 18.46 |
五指山 Wuzhishan | 13.58 | 1.22 | 16.48 |
吊罗山 Diaoluoshan | 13.60 | 1.39 | 18.81 |
鹦哥岭 Yinggeling | 16.26 | 1.03 | 16.66 |
Table 2 The soil organic carbon (SOC) content, SOC density and soil bulk density measured by the vertical fitting method in Hainan
地点 Location | 土壤有机碳含量 SOC content (g·kg-1) | 土壤容重 Soil bulk density (g·cm-3) | 土壤有机碳密度 SOC density (g·kg-1) |
---|---|---|---|
尖峰岭 Jianfengling | 11.32 | 1.33 | 14.98 |
霸王岭 Bawangling | 14.84 | 1.25 | 18.46 |
五指山 Wuzhishan | 13.58 | 1.22 | 16.48 |
吊罗山 Diaoluoshan | 13.60 | 1.39 | 18.81 |
鹦哥岭 Yinggeling | 16.26 | 1.03 | 16.66 |
Fig. 1 Changes of soil organic carbon content with soil depth in tropical virgin forests of Hainan Island. A, Jianfengling. B, Bawangling. C, Wuzhishan. D, Diaoluoshan. E, Yinggeling.
Fig. 2 Changes of soil bulk density with soil depth in tropical virgin forests of Hainan Island. A, Jianfengling. B, Bawangling. C, Wuzhishan. D, Diaoluoshan. E, Yinggeling.
土层 Soil layer (cm) | 指标 index | 尖峰岭 Jianfengling (n = 30) | 霸王岭 Bawangling (n = 30) | 五指山 Wuzhishan (n = 30) | 吊罗山 Diaoluoshan (n = 30) | 莺歌岭 Yinggeling (n = 30) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
0-10 | SOC | 30.35 ± 1.57ABa | 34.71 ± 2.78Aa | 25.29 ± 1.27Ba | 30.95 ± 1.68Aa | 32.11 ± 2.13Aa |
SBD | 1.11 ± 0.03Aa | 0.99 ± 0.03Ba | 0.99 ± 0.03Ba | 1.16 ± 0.04Aa | 0.90 ± 0.04Ba | |
10-20 | SOC | 19.54 ± 1.23Ab | 23.08 ± 1.41Ab | 20.88 ± 1.5Ab | 20.21 ± 1.16Ab | 20.79 ± 1.03Ab |
SBD | 1.24 ± 0.02ACb | 1.1 ± 0.03Bb | 1.16 ± 0.03ABb | 1.27 ± 0.03Cb | 1.00 ± 0.04Dab | |
20-30 | SOC | 12.72 ± 0.68Ac | 16.37 ± 1.11ABc | 15.66 ± 1.09ABc | 14.08 ± 0.68Ac | 14.88 ± 0.83Ac |
SBD | 1.32 ± 0.03Abc | 1.22 ± 0.03Bc | 1.23 ± 0.02Bbc | 1.35 ± 0.04Ab | 1.02 ± 0.03Cb | |
30-50 | SOC | 9.73 ± 0.83Ad | 12.42 ± 0.97Bc | 12.05 ± 0.67Bd | 10.41 ± 0.67ABd | 12.35 ± 0.89Bc |
SBD | 1.37 ± 0.03Ac | 1.27 ± 0.02Bcd | 1.26 ± 0.03Bc | 1.44 ± 0.02Ac | 1.06 ± 0.04Cb | |
50-100 | SOC | 6.72 ± 0.61Ae | 7.87 ± 0.44ABd | 9.25 ± 0.50Bd | 8.22 ± 0.51ABd | 11.45 ± 1.28Cc |
SBD | 1.39 ± 0.03Ac | 1.32 ± 0.02Ad | 1.23 ± 0.02Bbc | 1.45 ± 0.03ACc | 1.05 ± 0.03Db | |
0-100 | SOCdensity | 14.73 | 16.24 | 15.50 | 16.91 | 15.03 |
Table 3 Soil organic carbon content (SOC, g·kg-1) and soil bulk density (SBD, g·cm-3) of all soil layers (mean ± SE)
土层 Soil layer (cm) | 指标 index | 尖峰岭 Jianfengling (n = 30) | 霸王岭 Bawangling (n = 30) | 五指山 Wuzhishan (n = 30) | 吊罗山 Diaoluoshan (n = 30) | 莺歌岭 Yinggeling (n = 30) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
0-10 | SOC | 30.35 ± 1.57ABa | 34.71 ± 2.78Aa | 25.29 ± 1.27Ba | 30.95 ± 1.68Aa | 32.11 ± 2.13Aa |
SBD | 1.11 ± 0.03Aa | 0.99 ± 0.03Ba | 0.99 ± 0.03Ba | 1.16 ± 0.04Aa | 0.90 ± 0.04Ba | |
10-20 | SOC | 19.54 ± 1.23Ab | 23.08 ± 1.41Ab | 20.88 ± 1.5Ab | 20.21 ± 1.16Ab | 20.79 ± 1.03Ab |
SBD | 1.24 ± 0.02ACb | 1.1 ± 0.03Bb | 1.16 ± 0.03ABb | 1.27 ± 0.03Cb | 1.00 ± 0.04Dab | |
20-30 | SOC | 12.72 ± 0.68Ac | 16.37 ± 1.11ABc | 15.66 ± 1.09ABc | 14.08 ± 0.68Ac | 14.88 ± 0.83Ac |
SBD | 1.32 ± 0.03Abc | 1.22 ± 0.03Bc | 1.23 ± 0.02Bbc | 1.35 ± 0.04Ab | 1.02 ± 0.03Cb | |
30-50 | SOC | 9.73 ± 0.83Ad | 12.42 ± 0.97Bc | 12.05 ± 0.67Bd | 10.41 ± 0.67ABd | 12.35 ± 0.89Bc |
SBD | 1.37 ± 0.03Ac | 1.27 ± 0.02Bcd | 1.26 ± 0.03Bc | 1.44 ± 0.02Ac | 1.06 ± 0.04Cb | |
50-100 | SOC | 6.72 ± 0.61Ae | 7.87 ± 0.44ABd | 9.25 ± 0.50Bd | 8.22 ± 0.51ABd | 11.45 ± 1.28Cc |
SBD | 1.39 ± 0.03Ac | 1.32 ± 0.02Ad | 1.23 ± 0.02Bbc | 1.45 ± 0.03ACc | 1.05 ± 0.03Db | |
0-100 | SOCdensity | 14.73 | 16.24 | 15.50 | 16.91 | 15.03 |
主成分 Component | 特征值 Eigenvalue | 贡献率 Contributive rate (%) | 累计贡献率 Accumulative rate (%) |
---|---|---|---|
1 | 5.436 171 | 33.98 | 33.98 |
2 | 3.352 781 | 20.95 | 54.93 |
3 | 1.918 007 | 11.99 | 66.92 |
4 | 1.024 251 | 6.402 | 73.32 |
Table 4 Eigenvalue, contributive and accumulative rates of principal component 1, 2, 3 and 4 in the vegetation, topography and soil properties
主成分 Component | 特征值 Eigenvalue | 贡献率 Contributive rate (%) | 累计贡献率 Accumulative rate (%) |
---|---|---|---|
1 | 5.436 171 | 33.98 | 33.98 |
2 | 3.352 781 | 20.95 | 54.93 |
3 | 1.918 007 | 11.99 | 66.92 |
4 | 1.024 251 | 6.402 | 73.32 |
指标 Index | PC1 | PC2 | PC3 | PC4 |
---|---|---|---|---|
物种丰富度 Species richness | -0.361 22 | -0.126 59 | -0.193 71 | 0.173 50 |
Simpson指数 Simpson index | -0.245 99 | -0.385 24 | -0.159 24 | -0.012 57 |
Shannon-Wiener指数 Shannon-Wiener index | -0.310 91 | -0.338 54 | -0.149 16 | 0.025 99 |
Pielou均匀度指数 Pielou evenness index | -0.130 10 | -0.438 93 | -0.163 01 | -0.134 68 |
林分生物量 Forest biomass | 0.174 37 | -0.375 81 | -0.076 67 | 0.092 61 |
林分郁闭度 Forest canopy density | 0.328 61 | -0.172 54 | 0.193 56 | -0.102 91 |
林木平均树高 Trees average height | 0.227 40 | -0.357 66 | 0.171 44 | -0.072 60 |
林木平均胸径 Trees average DBH | 0.307 09 | -0.324 36 | 0.066 92 | -0.100 56 |
单位面积植株个体数 Plant individual numbers per unit area | -0.313 95 | 0.161 62 | -0.265 97 | 0.280 35 |
坡度 Slope | 0.081 52 | -0.066 99 | -0.227 18 | 0.199 30 |
海拔 Elevation | 0.190 56 | -0.222 59 | -0.276 19 | 0.372 46 |
土壤总孔隙度 The soil total porosity | 0.309 97 | 0.118 85 | -0.361 86 | 0.077 20 |
土壤容重 Soil bulk density | -0.309 97 | -0.118 85 | 0.361 86 | -0.077 20 |
土壤有机碳 Soil organic carbon | 0.143 54 | 0.112 50 | -0.458 22 | -0.363 67 |
土壤全氮 Soil total nitrogen | -0.035 58 | 0.034 16 | -0.363 48 | -0.579 54 |
土壤全磷 Soil total phosphorus | 0.235 48 | 0.043 86 | -0.092 07 | 0.423 42 |
Table 5 Element loading of principal component 1, 2, 3 and 4 in the vegetation, topography and soil properties
指标 Index | PC1 | PC2 | PC3 | PC4 |
---|---|---|---|---|
物种丰富度 Species richness | -0.361 22 | -0.126 59 | -0.193 71 | 0.173 50 |
Simpson指数 Simpson index | -0.245 99 | -0.385 24 | -0.159 24 | -0.012 57 |
Shannon-Wiener指数 Shannon-Wiener index | -0.310 91 | -0.338 54 | -0.149 16 | 0.025 99 |
Pielou均匀度指数 Pielou evenness index | -0.130 10 | -0.438 93 | -0.163 01 | -0.134 68 |
林分生物量 Forest biomass | 0.174 37 | -0.375 81 | -0.076 67 | 0.092 61 |
林分郁闭度 Forest canopy density | 0.328 61 | -0.172 54 | 0.193 56 | -0.102 91 |
林木平均树高 Trees average height | 0.227 40 | -0.357 66 | 0.171 44 | -0.072 60 |
林木平均胸径 Trees average DBH | 0.307 09 | -0.324 36 | 0.066 92 | -0.100 56 |
单位面积植株个体数 Plant individual numbers per unit area | -0.313 95 | 0.161 62 | -0.265 97 | 0.280 35 |
坡度 Slope | 0.081 52 | -0.066 99 | -0.227 18 | 0.199 30 |
海拔 Elevation | 0.190 56 | -0.222 59 | -0.276 19 | 0.372 46 |
土壤总孔隙度 The soil total porosity | 0.309 97 | 0.118 85 | -0.361 86 | 0.077 20 |
土壤容重 Soil bulk density | -0.309 97 | -0.118 85 | 0.361 86 | -0.077 20 |
土壤有机碳 Soil organic carbon | 0.143 54 | 0.112 50 | -0.458 22 | -0.363 67 |
土壤全氮 Soil total nitrogen | -0.035 58 | 0.034 16 | -0.363 48 | -0.579 54 |
土壤全磷 Soil total phosphorus | 0.235 48 | 0.043 86 | -0.092 07 | 0.423 42 |
Fig. 3 The double sequence diagrams of principal component analysis in vegetation, topography, soil properties in tropical virgin forests of Hainan Island. AL, altitude; BI, biomass; C, soil organic carbon density; CD, canopy density; DBH, average tree diameter at breast height; GR, gradient; H, average tree height; J, Pielou evenness index; N, soil total nitrogen; P, soil total phosphorus; S, species richness; SBD, soil bulk density; SI, Simpson index; SP, soil porosity; SW, Shannon-Wiener index; TD, tree numbers in unit area.
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