Distribution and species diversity patterns of Vitex negundo var. heterophylla shrublands in North China

doi:10.17521/cjpe.2018.0162

Abstract

Abstract:

Aims To explore the factors controlling the spatial distribution, as well as the species diversity, of the Vitex negundo var. heterophylla shrublands in North China.
Methods We investigated the species composition and environments for 370 shrubland plots of Vitex negundo var. heterophylla shrublands in North China. We calculated biodiversity indices (Shannon-Wiener index, Simpson index and Pielou’s evenness index) and then applied multivariate regression trees (MRT), analysis of variance (ANOVA), Pearson correlation analysis to disentangle distribution of the Vitex negundo var. heterophylla community and patterns of species diversity along both horizontal and elevational gradients.
Important findings The results showed that Vitex negundo var. heterophylla shrublands distributed in a large area stretching for more than 10° of both latitude and longitude, together with an elevational range of more than 1 000 m (117 m to 1 248 m). The Shannon-Wiener index, Simpson index and Pielou’s evenness index were higher in the herbaceous layer than those in the shrub layers. The species diversity of shrub layer increased with latitude but decreased with elevation. In contrast, that of the herbaceous layer decreased with latitude but increased with elevation. The Shannon-Wiener indexes of both layers were significantly correlated with environmental factors. The results of Pearson correlation analysis indicated that the Shannon-Wiener indexes of shrub layer had a significantly negative relationship with its temperature and slope position, and a significantly positive relationship with its precipitation. However, that of herb layer showed opposite trends.

http://jtp.cnki.net/bilingual/detail/html/ZWSB201909011

Key words: Vitex negundo var. heterophylla shrubland, species diversity index, spatial pattern, plant community

TANG Li-Li, YANG Tong, LIU Hong-Yan, KANG Mu-Yi, WANG Ren-Qing, ZHANG Feng, GAO Xian-Ming, YUE Ming, ZHANG Mei, ZHENG Pu-Fan, SHI Fu-Chen. Distribution and species diversity patterns of Vitex negundo var. heterophylla shrublands in North China[J]. Chin J Plant Ecol, 2019, 43(9): 825-833.

Add to citation manager EndNote|Ris|BibTeX

URL: https://www.plant-ecology.com/EN/10.17521/cjpe.2018.0162

https://www.plant-ecology.com/EN/Y2019/V43/I9/825

Figures/Tables 8

References 46

[1]	Allen AP, Brown JH, Gillooly JF ( 2002). Global biodiversity, biochemical kinetics, and the energetic-equivalence rule. Science, 297, 1545-1548.
[2]	Bao YF, Gao JR, He MY, Zhang JR ( 2008). Study on age structure of Vitex negundo community in Miyun Reservoir watershed. Forest Resources Management, ( 6), 67-70.
	[ 包昱峰, 高甲荣, 何明月, 张金瑞 ( 2008). 密云水库集水区荆条灌丛年龄结构研究. 林业资源管理, ( 6), 67-70.]
[3]	Blanck YL, Gowda J, Mårtensson LM, Sandberg J, Fransson AM ( 2011). Plant species richness in a natural Argentinian matorral shrub-land correlates negatively with levels of plant phosphorus. Plant and Soil, 345, 11-21.
[4]	Bobbink R, Hicks K, Galloway J, Spranger T, Alkemade R, Ashmore M, Bustamante M, Cinderby S, Davidson E, Dentener F, Emmett B, Erisman JW, Fenn M, Gilliam F, Nordin A, Pardo L, de Vries W ( 2010). Global assessment of nitrogen deposition effects on terrestrial plant diversity: A synthesis. Ecological Applications, 20, 30-59.
[5]	Chen Y, Wang HL, Han JW, Wei BL, Jia HR, Ye YZ, Yuan ZL ( 2014). Numerical classification, ordination and species diversity along elevation gradients of the forest community in Xiaoqinling. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 34, 2068-2075.
	[ 陈云, 王海亮, 韩军旺, 韦博良, 贾宏汝, 叶永忠, 袁志良 ( 2014). 小秦岭森林群落数量分类、排序及多样性垂直格局. 生态学报, 34, 2068-2075.]
[6]	Cheng J, Liu YH, Zhang JE ( 2016). The distribution and growth trait of Vitex negundo shrub in the loess region. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation, 30, 348-352.
	[ 程杰, 刘永辉, 张金娥 ( 2016). 黄土区荆条灌丛分布与生长特征. 水土保持学报, 30, 348-352.]
[7]	Dai XB ( 1989). The seasonal dynamics of the biomass of Vitex shrubland in mountainous area of Huairou County in Beijing. Acta Botanica Sinica, 31, 307-315.
	[ 戴晓兵 ( 1989). 怀柔山区荆条灌丛生物量的季节动态. 植物学报, 31, 307-315.]
[8]	Editorial Board of Flora of China, Chinese Academy of Sciences ( 1993). Flora of China. Vol. 65(1). Science Press, Beijing.
	[ 中国科学院中国植物志编辑委员会 ( 1993). 中国植物志. 第65卷1册. 科学出版社, 北京.]
[9]	Fang JY, Wang XP, Shen ZH, Tang ZY, He JS, Yu D, Jiang Y, Wang ZH, Zheng CY, Zhu JL, Guo ZD ( 2009). Methods and protocols for plant community inventory. Biodiversity Science, 17, 533-548.
	[ 方精云, 王襄平, 沈泽昊, 唐志尧, 贺金生, 于丹, 江源, 王志恒, 郑成洋, 朱江玲, 郭兆迪 ( 2009). 植物群落清查的主要内容、方法和技术规范. 生物多样性, 17, 533-548.]
[10]	Gao ML, Gong ZN, Zhao WJ, Gao Y, Hu D ( 2014). The study of Vitex negundo shrubs canopy biomass inversion in Beijing Jundu mountainous area based on vegetation indices. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 34, 1178-1188.
	[ 高明亮, 宫兆宁, 赵文吉, 高阳, 胡东 ( 2014). 基于植被指数的北京军都山荆条灌丛生物量反演研究. 生态学报, 34, 1178-1188.]
[11]	He YH, Yan M, Zhang QD, Zhang ZF, Miao YM, Bi RC ( 2013). Altitudinal pattern of plant species diversity in the Wulu Mountain Nature Reserve, Shanxi, China. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 33, 2452-2462.
	[ 何艳华, 闫明, 张钦弟, 张直峰, 苗艳明, 毕润成 ( 2013) 五鹿山国家级自然保护区物种多样性海拔格局. 生态学报, 33, 2452-2462.]
[12]	Hector A, Bazeley-White E, Loreau M, Otway S, Schmid B ( 2002). Overyielding in grassland communities: Testing the sampling effect hypothesis with replicated biodiversity experiments. Ecology Letters, 5, 502-511.
[13]	Huston MA ( 1997). Hidden treatments in ecological experiments: Re-evaluating the ecosystem function of biodiversity. Oecologia, 110, 449-460.
[14]	Jari O, Guillaume FB, Michael F, Roeland K, Pierre L, Dan M, Peter RM, O’Hara RB, Gavin LS, Peter S, Henry HSM, Eduard S, Helene W ( 2017). vegan: Community ecology package. R package version 2.4-3.
[15]	Jin H, Zhao Y, Zhao W, Yin H, Qin LW, Cui KF, Li XJ, Huang XT ( 2015). Elevational changes in species diversity and similarity analysis of a Rhododendron chrysanthum community on Changbai Mountain. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 35, 125-133.
	[ 金慧, 赵莹, 赵伟, 尹航, 秦立武, 崔凯峰, 李晓杰, 黄祥童 ( 2015). 长白山牛皮杜鹃群落物种多样性的海拔梯度变化及相似性. 生态学报, 35, 125-133.]
[16]	le Brocque AF, Buckney RT ( 2003). Species richness-environment relationships within coastal sclerophyll and mesophyll vegetation in Ku-ring-gai Chase National Park, New South Wales, Australia. Austral Ecology, 28, 404-412.
[17]	Li SQ, Yang BS, Wu DM ( 2008). Community succession analysis of naturally colonized plants on coal gob piles in Shanxi mining areas, China. Water Air & Soil Pollution, 193, 211-228.
[18]	Li XH ( 2011). The Research of Distribution Pattern of Vitex negundo Shrub in the Watershed of Miyun Reservoir. Master degree dissertation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing.
	[ 李晓宏 ( 2011). 密云水库集水区荆条灌丛分布格局的研究. 硕士学位论文, 北京林业大学, 北京.]
[19]	Li XR, Tan HJ, He MZ, Wang XP, Li XJ ( 2009). Patterns of shrub species richness and abundance in relation to environmental factors on the Alxa Plateau: Prerequisites for conserving shrub diversity in extreme arid desert regions. Science in China Series D-Earth Sciences, 52, 669-680.
[20]	Liu YY, Zhou GZ ( 2011). Study on drought resistance of three shrub tree species. Northern Horticulture, ( 8), 88-90.
	[ 刘媛媛, 周广柱 ( 2011). 干旱胁迫条件下三种灌木抗旱特性研究. 北方园艺, ( 8), 88-90.]
[21]	Mod HK, Heikkinen RK, le Roux PC, Wisz MS, Luoto M ( 2016). Impact of biotic interactions on biodiversity varies across a landscape. Journal of Biogeography, 43, 2412-2423.
[22]	Naeem S, Li SB ( 1997). Biodiversity enhances ecosystem reliability. Nature, 390, 507-509.
[23]	Nie EB ( 2006). Study on Quantitative Ecology of Vitex negundo L. var. heterophylla (Franch) Communities in Canyong Destrict of Taihang Mountains, in the southern Shanxi, China. Master degree dissertation, Shanxi University, Taiyuan.
	[ 聂二保 ( 2006). 山西太行山南段峡谷区荆条灌丛数量生态学研究. 硕士学位论文, 山西大学, 太原.]
[24]	Nie EB, Wang YQ, Zhang JT ( 2009a). Interspecific relationships of Vitex negundo var. heterophylla community of Taihang Mountain in Shanxi Province. Pratacultural Science, 26(10), 24-29.
	[ 聂二保, 王煜倩, 张金屯 ( 2009a). 山西太行山峡谷区荆条灌丛种间连接性研究. 草业科学, 26(10), 24-29.]
[25]	Nei EB, Wang YQ, Zhang JT ( 2009b). Study on the diversity of Vitex negundo var. heterophylla community in Taihang Mountain of Shanxi Province. Pratacultural Science, 26(6), 6-10.
	[ 聂二保, 王煜倩, 张金屯 ( 2009b). 山西太行山峡谷区荆条灌丛物种多样性研究. 草业科学, 26(6), 6-10.]
[26]	Niklas KJ, Midgley JJ, Rand RH ( 2003). Size-dependent species richness: Trends within plant communities and across latitude. Ecology Letters, 6, 631-636.
[27]	North M, Oakley B, Fiegener R, Gray A, Barbour M ( 2005). Influence of light and soil moisture on Sierran mixed- conifer understory communities. Plant Ecology, 177, 13-24.
[28]	Olivier B, Valeria DC, Antoine G ( 2017). ecospat: Spatial ecology miscellaneous methods. R package version 2.2.0.
[29]	Robert JH ( 2016). raster: Geographic data analysis and modeling. R package version 2.5-8.
[30]	Rosenzweig ML ( 1995). Species Diversity in Space and Time. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK.
[31]	Ru WM ( 1993). The community structure of Vitex negundo var. heterophylla ( Franch) Rehd scrub and its biomass in mountainous area of Lingchuan County Shanxi Province. Journal of Shanxi Normal University (Natural Science Edition), ( S2), 55-58.
	[ 茹文明 ( 1993). 陵川山区荆条灌丛群落结构与生物量的研究. 山西师大学报(自然科学版), ( S2), 55-58.]
[32]	Shen ZH, Liu ZL, Fang JY ( 2004). Altitudinal changes in species diversity and community structure of Abies fabri communities at Hailuo Valley of Mt. Gongga, Sichuan. Biodiversity Science, 12, 237-244.
	[ 沈泽昊, 刘增力, 方精云 ( 2004). 贡嘎山海螺沟冷杉群落物种多样性与群落结构随海拔的变化. 生物多样性, 12, 237-244.]
[33]	Swenson NG, Weiser MD, Mao LF, Normand S, Rodríguez MÁ, Lin LX, Cao M, Svenning JC ( 2016). Constancy in functional space across a species richness anomaly. The American Naturalist, 187, 83-92.
[34]	Therneau TM, Atkinson B ( 2014). mvpart: Multivariate partitioning. R package version 1.6-1.
[35]	Tilman D ( 2000). Causes, consequences and ethics of biodiversity. Nature, 405, 208-211.
[36]	Urban DL, Miller C, Halpin PN, Stephenson NL ( 2000). Forest gradient response in Sierran landscapes: The physical template. Landscape Ecology, 15, 603-620.
[37]	Wang XB, Han LB, Liu CX ( 2007). Experiments on germination of seeds of Vitex negundo var. Heterophylla—A superior shrub for soil and water conservation. Liaoning Forestry Science and Technology, ( 4), 30-32.
	[ 王晓蓓, 韩烈保, 刘春霞 ( 2007). 优良水土保持灌木——野生荆条种子发芽实验研究. 辽宁林业科技, ( 4), 30-32.]
[38]	Wang YQ, Nie EB ( 2009). Quantitative analysis of the Vitex negundo var. heterophylla communities in Taihang Mountain, Shanxi Province. Pratacultural Science, 26(11), 32-36.
	[ 王煜倩, 聂二保 ( 2009). 山西太行山南段峡谷区荆条灌丛数量分析. 草业科学, 26(11), 32-36.]
[39]	Wen Y, Yang WB, Yan SX, Wang JY, Yan DR ( 2006). Conparison of resistance of 8 kinds of local tree species. Journal of Arid Land Resources and Environment, 20(4), 204-208.
	[ 温阳, 杨文彬, 阎栓喜, 王晶莹, 阎德仁 ( 2006). 8个乡土树种抗逆性对比研究. 干旱区资源与环境, 24(4), 204-208.]
[40]	Willig MR, Kaufman DM, Stevens RD ( 2003). Latitudinal gradients of biodiversity: Pattern, process, scale, and synthesis. Annual Review of Ecology Evolution and Systematics, 34, 273-309.
[41]	Wu YJ, Miao YM, Bi RC ( 2015). Herbaceous plant species diversity and regeneration in shrub gaps in Huoshan Mountain of Shanxi Province. Plant Diversity and Resources, 37, 203-208.
	[ 武宇佼, 苗艳明, 毕润成 ( 2015) 山西霍山灌丛空隙草本植物物种多样性与更新. 植物分类与资源学报, 37, 203-208.]
[42]	Xu M, Ma L, Jia Y, Liu M ( 2017). Integrating the effects of latitude and altitude on the spatial differentiation of plant community diversity in a mountainous ecosystem in China. PLOS ONE, 12, e0174231. DOI: 10.1371/journal. pone.0174231.
[43]	Xu YJ, Chen YN, Li WH, Fu AH, Ma XD, Gui DW, Chen YP ( 2010). Distribution pattern and environmental interpretation of plant species diversity in the mountainous region of Ili River Valley, Xinjiang, China. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 34, 1142-1154.
	[ 徐远杰, 陈亚宁, 李卫红, 付爱红, 马晓东, 桂东伟, 陈亚鹏 ( 2010). 伊犁河谷山地植物群落物种多样性分布格局及环境解释. 植物生态学报, 34, 1142-1154.]
[44]	Yang Y, Han J, Liu Y, Zhong YC, Shi S, Sina C, Xu Y, Ying L, Zhang W, Shen Z ( 2016). A comparison of the altitudinal patterns in plant species diversity within the dry valleys of the Three Parallel Rivers region, northwestern Yunnan. Biodiversity Science, 24, 440-452.
[45]	Zhang CX ( 2007). Study on Bioecological Characteristics of Soil and Water Conservation Shurb—Vitex negundo. Master degree dissertation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing.
	[ 张春霞 ( 2007). 水土保持灌木--荆条的生物生态学特性初步研究. 硕士学位论文, 北京林业大学, 北京.]
[46]	Zhang SB, Wang XP, Wu P, Sun H, Li QY, Wu YL, Han W, Wu X . ( 2018). Relationship between shrub species diversity and climate and local environmental factors across Jilin. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 38, 7990-8000.
	[ 张树斌, 王襄平, 吴鹏, 孙晗, 李巧燕, 吴玉莲, 韩威, 武娴 ( 2018). 吉林灌木群落物种多样性与气候和局域环境因子的关系. 生态学报, 38, 7990-8000]

重要值排序 Order of important value	灌木层 Shrub layer					草本层 Herb layer
重要值排序 Order of important value	群丛1 Association 1	群丛2 Association 2	群丛3 Association 3	群丛4 Association 4	群丛5 Association 5	群丛1 Association 1	群丛2 Association 2	群丛3 Association 3	群丛4 Association 4	群丛5 Association 5
1	荆条 Vitex negundo var. heterophylla	荆条 Vitex negundo var. heterophylla	荆条 Vitex negundo var. heterophylla	荆条 Vitex negundo var. heterophylla	荆条 Vitex negundo var. heterophylla	北京隐子草 Cleistogenes hancei	白羊草 Bothriochloa ischaemum	中华隐子草 Cleistogenes chinensis	披针薹草 Carex lancifolia	阿拉伯黄背草 Themeda triandra
2	雀儿舌头 Leptopus chinensis	酸枣 Ziziphus jujuba var. spinosa	多花胡枝子 Lespedeza floribunda	黄刺玫 Rosa xanthina	酸枣 Ziziphus jujuba var. spinosa	披针薹草 Carex lancifolia	针茅 Stipa capillata	北京隐子草 Cleistogenes hancei	早熟禾 Poa annua	北京隐子草 Cleistogenes hancei
3	酸枣 Ziziphus jujuba var. spinosa	兴安胡枝子 Lespedeza daurica	酸枣 Ziziphus jujuba var. spinosa	红花锦鸡儿 Caragana rosea	多花胡枝子 Lespedeza floribunda	碱菀 Tripolium vulgare	北京隐子草 Cleistogenes hancei	猪毛菜 Salsola collina	碱菀 Tripolium vulgare	白羊草 Bothriochloa ischaemum
4	小叶朴 Celtis bungeana	红花锦鸡儿 Caragana rosea	薄皮木 Leptodermis oblonga	蚂蚱腿子 Myripnois dioica	白刺花 Sophora davidii	大油芒 Spodiopogon sibiricus	矛叶荩草 Arthraxon lanceolatus	野艾蒿 Artemisia lavandulaefolia	白羊草 Bothriochloa ischaemum	羊须草 Carex callitrichos
5	山杏 Armeniaca sibirica	茅莓 Rubus parvifolius	多花木蓝 Indigofera amblyantha	三裂绣线菊 Spiraea trilobata	胡枝子 Lespedeza bicolor	白羊草 Bothriochloa ischaemum	丛生隐子草 Cleistogenes caespitosa	臭草 Melica scabrosa	山蒿 Artemisia brachyloba	荩草 Arthraxon hispidus

重要值排序 Order of important value	灌木层 Shrub layer					草本层 Herb layer
重要值排序 Order of important value	群丛1 Association 1	群丛2 Association 2	群丛3 Association 3	群丛4 Association 4	群丛5 Association 5	群丛1 Association 1	群丛2 Association 2	群丛3 Association 3	群丛4 Association 4	群丛5 Association 5
1	荆条 Vitex negundo var. heterophylla	荆条 Vitex negundo var. heterophylla	荆条 Vitex negundo var. heterophylla	荆条 Vitex negundo var. heterophylla	荆条 Vitex negundo var. heterophylla	北京隐子草 Cleistogenes hancei	白羊草 Bothriochloa ischaemum	中华隐子草 Cleistogenes chinensis	披针薹草 Carex lancifolia	阿拉伯黄背草 Themeda triandra
2	雀儿舌头 Leptopus chinensis	酸枣 Ziziphus jujuba var. spinosa	多花胡枝子 Lespedeza floribunda	黄刺玫 Rosa xanthina	酸枣 Ziziphus jujuba var. spinosa	披针薹草 Carex lancifolia	针茅 Stipa capillata	北京隐子草 Cleistogenes hancei	早熟禾 Poa annua	北京隐子草 Cleistogenes hancei
3	酸枣 Ziziphus jujuba var. spinosa	兴安胡枝子 Lespedeza daurica	酸枣 Ziziphus jujuba var. spinosa	红花锦鸡儿 Caragana rosea	多花胡枝子 Lespedeza floribunda	碱菀 Tripolium vulgare	北京隐子草 Cleistogenes hancei	猪毛菜 Salsola collina	碱菀 Tripolium vulgare	白羊草 Bothriochloa ischaemum
4	小叶朴 Celtis bungeana	红花锦鸡儿 Caragana rosea	薄皮木 Leptodermis oblonga	蚂蚱腿子 Myripnois dioica	白刺花 Sophora davidii	大油芒 Spodiopogon sibiricus	矛叶荩草 Arthraxon lanceolatus	野艾蒿 Artemisia lavandulaefolia	白羊草 Bothriochloa ischaemum	羊须草 Carex callitrichos
5	山杏 Armeniaca sibirica	茅莓 Rubus parvifolius	多花木蓝 Indigofera amblyantha	三裂绣线菊 Spiraea trilobata	胡枝子 Lespedeza bicolor	白羊草 Bothriochloa ischaemum	丛生隐子草 Cleistogenes caespitosa	臭草 Melica scabrosa	山蒿 Artemisia brachyloba	荩草 Arthraxon hispidus

纬度 Latitude	灌木层 Shrub layer			草本层 Herb layer
纬度 Latitude	H	D	J	H	D	J
高(群丛1) High (Association 1)	0.848	3.159	0.194	0.928	3.452	0.167
中(群丛2、3、4) Middle (Association 2, 3, 4)	0.826	2.240	0.298	0.884	2.690	0.231
低(群丛5) Low (Association 5)	0.821	3.386	0.167	0.975	4.324	0.169

纬度 Latitude	灌木层 Shrub layer			草本层 Herb layer
纬度 Latitude	H	D	J	H	D	J
高(群丛1) High (Association 1)	0.848	3.159	0.194	0.928	3.452	0.167
中(群丛2、3、4) Middle (Association 2, 3, 4)	0.826	2.240	0.298	0.884	2.690	0.231
低(群丛5) Low (Association 5)	0.821	3.386	0.167	0.975	4.324	0.169

海拔 Elevation	灌木层Shrub layer			草本层Herb layer
海拔 Elevation	H	D	J	H	D	J
高(群丛4) High (Association 4)	0.796	2.246	0.275	0.928	3.099	0.207
中(群丛3) Middle (Association 3)	0.832	2.041	0.347	0.892	2.617	0.268
低(群丛2) Low (Association 2)	0.847	2.434	0.274	0.834	2.353	0.217