Regulation of exogenous hydrogen sulfide on photosynthetic carbon metabolism in Avena nude under saline-alkaline stress

doi:10.17521/cjpe.2022.0032

Abstract

Abstract:

Aims The purpose of this study was to investigate the regulatory effect of exogenous H₂S on the photosynthetic carbon metabolism of plants under saline-alkali stress.

Methods The Avena nude was selected and a potted soil culture experiment was conducted to study the effects of spraying 50 µmol·L⁻¹ H₂S donor sodium hydrosulfide (NaHS) solution on photosynthetic and fluorescence parameters, the contents of monosaccharides, oligosaccharides and starch, the activities of key enzymes in Calvin cycle and sugar metabolism in leaves, and yield components under 3.00 g·kg^-1 saline-alkali stress.

Important findings (1) Spraying NaHS significantly decreased chlorophyll content, intercellular CO₂ concentration, photosystem II (PSII) initial fluorescence, maximum fluorescence, regulatory energy dissipation, photochemical quenching, non-photochemical quenching, and significantly increased Hill reaction activity, net photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate, stomatal conductance, apparent CO₂ utility efficiency, PSII maximum photochemical efficiency, and the activities of ribulose-1,5-bisphophate carboxylase (Rubisco), Rubisco activase, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase and transketolase in A. nude leaves under salt-alkali stress. These indicated that exogenous H₂S could alleviate saline-alkali stress-induced photoinhibition and photosynthetic rate decrease by reducing light energy absorption and the portion of light energy absorbed by the PSII antenna pigment which was used for photochemical electron transfer, improving primary photochemical efficiency and promoting water photolysis of PSII, regulating key enzyme activities in the Calvin cycle, and enhancing CO₂ utility efficiency. (2) Under saline-alkali stress, the activities of α-amylase and sucrose phosphate synthase were significantly increased and the contents of starch and reducing sugar and neutral invertase activities were significantly decreased in A. nude leaves on the 7th day after spraying NaHS. On the 14th day, the contents of total soluble sugar and reducing sugar, and the activities of sucrose synthase and sucrose phosphate synthase decreased significantly, and the activity of neutral invertase increased significantly. The contents of glucose, fructose and galactose on the 7th and 14th days increased to varying degrees, and the content of raffinose decreased significantly, while the activities of total amylase, β-amylase, starch phosphorylase, adenosine diphosphate glucose pyrophosphorylase and acid invertase and the contents of fucose, trehalose and sucrose did not change significantly. These changes suggested that exogenous H₂S was involved in the regulation of starch and sucrose metabolism and the conversion between polysaccharides and oligosaccharides in A. nude under saline-alkali stress. (3) Spraying NaHS had no significant effect on plant height, spike numbers per plant, boll numbers per spike, thousand-grain weight and biological yield per plant of A. nude under salt-alkali stress, while grain numbers per spike and grain yield per plant were increased significantly. In summary, exogenous H₂S participates in the regulation of photosynthetic carbon metabolism in A. nude under salt-alkali stress, and it can enhance the tolerance of A. nude to saline-alkali stress.

Key words: hydrogen sulfide, Avena nude, saline-alkali stress, photosynthetic parameter, fluorescence parameter, carbon metabolism, yield component

LIU Jian-Xin, LIU Rui-Rui, LIU Xiu-Li, JIA Hai-Yan, BU Ting, LI Na. Regulation of exogenous hydrogen sulfide on photosynthetic carbon metabolism in Avena nude under saline-alkaline stress[J]. Chin J Plant Ecol, 2023, 47(3): 374-388.

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URL: https://www.plant-ecology.com/EN/10.17521/cjpe.2022.0032

https://www.plant-ecology.com/EN/Y2023/V47/I3/374

Figures/Tables 9

Fig. 1 Effect of exogenous H2S on the SPAD value (A) and Hill’s reaction activity (B) in Avena nude leaves under saline-alkali stress (mean ± SD). CK, control; NaHS, spraying NaHS only; SA, spraying water under salt-alkali stress; SA + NaHS, spraying NaHS under salt-alkali stress. Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences among treatments for the same time (p < 0.05).

Fig. 2 Effect of exogenous H2S on photosynthetic gas exchange parameters in Avena nude leaves under saline-alkali stress (mean ± SD). CK, control; NaHS, spraying NaHS only; SA, spraying water under salt-alkali stress; SA + NaHS, spraying NaHS under salt-alkali stress. Ci, intercellular CO2 concentration; CUE, apparent CO2 utility efficiency; Gs, stomatal conductance; Ls, stomatal limitation value; Pn, net photosynthetic rate; Tr, transpiration rate. Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences among treatments at the same time (p < 0.05).

Table 1 Effect of exogenous H2S on the chlorophyll fluorescence parameters in leaves of Avena nude under saline-lkali stress (mean± SD)

Fig. 3 Effect of exogenous H2S on the activities of key enzymes in Calvin cycle in Avena nude leaves under saline-alkali stress (mean ± SD). CK, control; NaHS, spraying NaHS only; SA, spraying water under salt-alkali stress; SA + NaHS, spraying NaHS under salt-alkali stress. FBA, fructose-1,6-bisphosphate aldolase; GAPDH, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase; RCA, Rubisco activase; Rubisco, ribulose-1,5-bisphophate carboxylase; SBPase, sedoheptulose-1,7-bisphosphatase; TK, transketolase. Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences among treatments at the same time (p < 0.05).

Table 2 Effect of exogenous H2S on the contents of different sugars in leaves of Avena nude under saline-alkali stress (mean ±SD)

Fig. 4 Effect of exogenous H2S on the metabolic enzyme activities of starch and sucrose in Avena nude leaves under saline-alkali stress (mean ± SD). ADPG, adenosine diphosphate glucose. CK, control; NaHS, spraying NaHS only; SA, spraying water under salt-alkali stress; SA + NaHS, spraying NaHS under salt-alkali stress. Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences among treatments at the same time (p < 0.05).

Table 3 Effect of exogenous H2S on the growth and yield traits of Avena nudes under saline-alkali stress (mean±SD)

Fig. 5 Orthogonal projection to latent structure-discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) score plot of photosynthetic carbon metabolism in leaves of Avena nude under different treatments and 200 permutation tests of the model. CK, control; NaHS, spraying NaHS only; SA, spraying water under salt-alkali stress; SA + NaHS, spraying NaHS under salt-alkali stress.

Fig. 6 Orthogonal projection to latent structure-discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) score plot (A, B, C) and varibale importance for the projection (VIP)-plot (mean ± SD) (D, E, F) of photosynthetic carbon metabolism in leaves of Avena nude under different treatment. CK, control; NaHS, spraying NaHS only; SA, spraying water under salt-alkali stress; SA + NaHS, spraying NaHS under salt-alkali stress. Acid inver, acid invertase; ADPG pyrop, adenosine diphosphate glucose pyrophosphorylase; α+β-amylas, (α+β)-amylase; Ci, intercellular CO2 concentration; CUE, apparent CO2 utility efficiency; ETR, electron transport rate; FBA, fructose-1,6-bisphosphate aldolase; Fm, maximum fluorescence; Fo, initial fluorescence; Fru, fructose; Fuc, fucose; Fv/Fm, maximum photochemical efficiency; Fv′/Fm′, effective light quantum yield; Gal, galactose; GAPDH, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase; Glc, glucose; Gs, stomatal conductance; Hill, Hill’s reaction activity; Ls, stomatal limitation value; Neutral in, neutral invertase; NPQ, non-photochemical quenching coefficient; Pn, net photosynthetic rate; qL, photochemical quenching coefficient; Raf, raffinose; RCA, Rubisco activase; Reducing s, reducing sugar; Rubisco, ribulose-1,5-bisphophate carboxylase; SBPase, sedoheptulose-1,7-bisphosphatase; Soluble su, soluble sugar; SPAD, chlorophyll relative content; Starch pho, starch phosphorylase; Suc, sucrose; Sucrose sy, sucrose synthase; Sucrose ph, sucrose phosphate synthase; TK, transketolase; Tr, transpiration rate; Tre, trehalose; Y(NO), non-adjusting energy dissipation quantum yield; Y(NPQ), adjusting energy dissipation quantum yield; Y(II), actual photochemical quantum yield. 7 and 14 represent the 7th and 14th day, respectively.

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