Effects of different nitrogen forms on photosynthesis characteristics and growth of poplar

doi:10.17521/cjpe.2022.0201

Abstract

Abstract:

Aims Poplars (Populusspp.) are main timber and greening trees in the Northern Plains of China, and remains unclear whether nitrogen form defines the effects of nitrogen on poplar growth and physiology. Hence, this study aimed at investigating the effects of different nitrogen forms (ammonium nitrogen, nitrate nitrogen, ammonia-nitrogen mixed state and amido nitrogen) on photosynthesis and growth of poplar seedlings.

Methods Two poplar clones (Populus deltoides cv. ‘55/56’ × P. deltoides cv. ‘Imperial’, clone ‘546’ and P. euramericana cv. ‘74/76’, clone ‘107’) were used as test materials. Poplar ‘546’ has lower plant height and larger single leaf area and is more sensitive to low temperature than poplar ‘107’. An experiment was conducted to determine gas exchange, chlorophyll fluorescence, plant height and branch diameter, specific leaf area, biomass and root-shoot ratio in seedlings treated with different forms of nitrogen.

Important findings The results showed that leaf photosynthesis characteristics of clones ‘546’ and ‘107’ were similar, but their growth parameters differed. Nitrogen application significantly increased leaf net photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, electron transport rate of photosystem II (PSII), PSII actual photochemical quantum yield, photosynthetic electron transport rate, branch diameter, plant height, specific leaf area and plant biomass, but reduced root-shoot ratio. Except for leaf net photosynthetic rate, there were no significant differences in other photosynthesis characteristics and growth parameters among different nitrogen forms. The response significantly differed between the two clones. Relative to other nitrogen treatments, specifically, leaf net photosynthetic rate was significantly increased by ammonia-nitrogen mixed state treatment in clone ‘107’, while most of the indexes of ‘546’ poplar were not significantly different among different nitrogen treatments. These results suggested that the application of ammonia-nitrogen mixed state and amido nitrogen can promote the photosynthesis, growth and biomass accumulation of poplar seedlings. However, clone ‘107’ has a higher nitrogen use efficiency under amide nitrogen treatment, whereas the best suitable nitrogen application form for clone ‘546’ was nitrate nitrogen and ammonium nitrogen.

Key words: poplar, nitrogen form, biomass, gas exchange parameter, fluorescence parameter

DU Ying-Dong, YUAN Xiang-Yang, FENG Zhao-Zhong. Effects of different nitrogen forms on photosynthesis characteristics and growth of poplar[J]. Chin J Plant Ecol, 2023, 47(3): 348-360.

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https://www.plant-ecology.com/EN/Y2023/V47/I3/348

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References 67

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参数 Parameter	氮处理 N treatment	基因型 Clones	氮处理 × 基因型 N treatment × clones
净光合速率 Net photosynthetic rate	<0.01	0.97	0.09
气孔导度 Stomatal conductance	<0.01	0.12	0.08
胞间CO₂浓度 Intercellular CO₂ concentration	<0.01	0.54	0.36
蒸腾速率 Transpiration rate	<0.05	0.75	0.56
开放的光系统II反应中心激发能捕获效率 The efficiency of excitation energy capture by open photosystem II reaction center	<0.01	0.46	0.43
光化学淬灭系数 Photochemical quenching coefficient	<0.01	0.21	0.66
光系统II实际光量子产量 Photosystem II actual photochemical quantum yield	<0.01	0.67	0.67
流经光系统II的电子传递速率 Electron transport rate of photosystem II	<0.01	0.68	0.67
比叶面积 Specific leaf area	<0.01	<0.01	<0.01
株高变化率 Change rate in plant height	<0.01	<0.01	0.37
基径变化率 Change rate in branch diameter	<0.01	<0.01	<0.01
叶生物量 Leaf biomass	<0.01	<0.01	0.34
茎生物量 Stem biomass	<0.01	<0.01	0.85
根生物量 Root biomass	0.46	<0.01	0.27
总生物量 Total biomass	<0.01	<0.01	0.57
根冠比 Root-shoot ratio	<0.01	<0.01	<0.05

参数 Parameter	氮处理 N treatment	基因型 Clones	氮处理 × 基因型 N treatment × clones
净光合速率 Net photosynthetic rate	<0.01	0.97	0.09
气孔导度 Stomatal conductance	<0.01	0.12	0.08
胞间CO₂浓度 Intercellular CO₂ concentration	<0.01	0.54	0.36
蒸腾速率 Transpiration rate	<0.05	0.75	0.56
开放的光系统II反应中心激发能捕获效率 The efficiency of excitation energy capture by open photosystem II reaction center	<0.01	0.46	0.43
光化学淬灭系数 Photochemical quenching coefficient	<0.01	0.21	0.66
光系统II实际光量子产量 Photosystem II actual photochemical quantum yield	<0.01	0.67	0.67
流经光系统II的电子传递速率 Electron transport rate of photosystem II	<0.01	0.68	0.67
比叶面积 Specific leaf area	<0.01	<0.01	<0.01
株高变化率 Change rate in plant height	<0.01	<0.01	0.37
基径变化率 Change rate in branch diameter	<0.01	<0.01	<0.01
叶生物量 Leaf biomass	<0.01	<0.01	0.34
茎生物量 Stem biomass	<0.01	<0.01	0.85
根生物量 Root biomass	0.46	<0.01	0.27
总生物量 Total biomass	<0.01	<0.01	0.57
根冠比 Root-shoot ratio	<0.01	<0.01	<0.05

基因型 Clones	氮处理 N treatment	叶生物量 Leaf biomass (g)	茎生物量 Stem biomass (g)	根生物量 Root biomass (g)	总生物量 Total biomass (g)	根冠比 Root-shoot ratio
杨树‘107’ P. euramericana cv. ‘74/76’	清水 CK	43.68 ± 1.40^abc	58.51 ± 1.94^cd	43.74 ± 2.02^ab	146.12 ± 5.33^bcd	0.43 ± 0.02^c
	氯化钙 CK-Cl	38.38 ± 1.41^bcd	54.30 ± 2.19^d	36.93 ± 1.30^b	132.38 ± 3.11^cd	0.44 ± 0.05^c
	铵态氮 NH₄⁺-N	46.75 ± 1.90^ab	72.55 ± 3.34^ab	40.66 ± 2.40^ab	161.71 ± 4.15^ab	0.35 ± 0.01^c
	硝态氮 NO₃^--N	46.46 ± 0.83^ab	72.19 ± 1.92^ab	39.95 ± 2.37^ab	154.93 ± 9.71^abc	0.35 ± 0.02^c
	硝铵态氮 NH₄NO₃-N	44.86 ± 0.53^abc	69.82 ± 2.97^abc	39.98 ± 1.90^ab	154.81 ± 4.38^abc	0.35 ± 0.02^c
	酰胺态氮 CO(NH₂)₂-N	51.43 ± 2.62^a	79.60 ± 3.78^a	45.01 ± 2.44^ab	172.55 ± 3.07^a	0.36 ± 0.03^c
杨树‘546’ P. deltoides cv. ‘55/56’ × P. deltoides cv. ‘Imperial’	清水 CK	33.04 ± 2.30^cd	40.88 ± 2.17^e	51.91 ± 2.77^a	130.03 ± 4.48^cd	0.67 ± 0.04^a
	氯化钙 CK-Cl	33.05 ± 1.43^d	40.38 ± 1.72^e	46.41 ± 2.65^ab	120.03 ± 2.76^d	0.64 ± 0.05^ab
	铵态氮 NH₄⁺-N	42.55 ± 1.27^bc	64.24 ± 2.51^bcd	42.71 ± 2.65^ab	147.36 ± 7.33^abc	0.42 ± 0.04^c
	硝态氮 NO₃^--N	43.87 ± 2.58^abc	57.75 ± 3.47^d	49.78 ± 5.01^ab	151.53 ± 5.62^abc	0.49 ± 0.04^bc
	硝铵态氮 NH₄NO₃-N	43.43 ± 1.48^abc	58.47 ± 1.96^cd	47.75 ± 2.57^ab	149.77 ± 4.01^abc	0.47 ± 0.03^c
	酰胺态氮 CO(NH₂)₂-N	44.69 ± 2.16^abc	62.05 ± 1.33^bcd	44.02 ± 1.66^ab	150.89 ± 7.96^abc	0.42 ± 0.02^c

基因型 Clones	氮处理 N treatment	叶生物量 Leaf biomass (g)	茎生物量 Stem biomass (g)	根生物量 Root biomass (g)	总生物量 Total biomass (g)	根冠比 Root-shoot ratio
杨树‘107’ P. euramericana cv. ‘74/76’	清水 CK	43.68 ± 1.40^abc	58.51 ± 1.94^cd	43.74 ± 2.02^ab	146.12 ± 5.33^bcd	0.43 ± 0.02^c
	氯化钙 CK-Cl	38.38 ± 1.41^bcd	54.30 ± 2.19^d	36.93 ± 1.30^b	132.38 ± 3.11^cd	0.44 ± 0.05^c
	铵态氮 NH₄⁺-N	46.75 ± 1.90^ab	72.55 ± 3.34^ab	40.66 ± 2.40^ab	161.71 ± 4.15^ab	0.35 ± 0.01^c
	硝态氮 NO₃^--N	46.46 ± 0.83^ab	72.19 ± 1.92^ab	39.95 ± 2.37^ab	154.93 ± 9.71^abc	0.35 ± 0.02^c
	硝铵态氮 NH₄NO₃-N	44.86 ± 0.53^abc	69.82 ± 2.97^abc	39.98 ± 1.90^ab	154.81 ± 4.38^abc	0.35 ± 0.02^c
	酰胺态氮 CO(NH₂)₂-N	51.43 ± 2.62^a	79.60 ± 3.78^a	45.01 ± 2.44^ab	172.55 ± 3.07^a	0.36 ± 0.03^c
杨树‘546’ P. deltoides cv. ‘55/56’ × P. deltoides cv. ‘Imperial’	清水 CK	33.04 ± 2.30^cd	40.88 ± 2.17^e	51.91 ± 2.77^a	130.03 ± 4.48^cd	0.67 ± 0.04^a
	氯化钙 CK-Cl	33.05 ± 1.43^d	40.38 ± 1.72^e	46.41 ± 2.65^ab	120.03 ± 2.76^d	0.64 ± 0.05^ab
	铵态氮 NH₄⁺-N	42.55 ± 1.27^bc	64.24 ± 2.51^bcd	42.71 ± 2.65^ab	147.36 ± 7.33^abc	0.42 ± 0.04^c
	硝态氮 NO₃^--N	43.87 ± 2.58^abc	57.75 ± 3.47^d	49.78 ± 5.01^ab	151.53 ± 5.62^abc	0.49 ± 0.04^bc
	硝铵态氮 NH₄NO₃-N	43.43 ± 1.48^abc	58.47 ± 1.96^cd	47.75 ± 2.57^ab	149.77 ± 4.01^abc	0.47 ± 0.03^c
	酰胺态氮 CO(NH₂)₂-N	44.69 ± 2.16^abc	62.05 ± 1.33^bcd	44.02 ± 1.66^ab	150.89 ± 7.96^abc	0.42 ± 0.02^c