A review on light response models of electron transport rates of plant

doi:10.17521/cjpe.2022.0409

Abstract

Abstract:

The light response curve of electron transport rate is an important tool to investigate plant physiology and ecology. It can provide a theoretical basis for quantifying the absorption and transmission of light energy in primary reaction. In this paper, the mathematical characteristics, the advantages, and the potential weaknesses in practical application and research trends of the light response models of electron transport rate are reviewed and discussed. The primary reaction, which includes absorption of light energy, excitation and de-excitation of photosynthetic pigment molecules (including photochemical reaction, fluorescence emission and heat dissipation), and electron transport rate stemming from charge separation in the photosystem II (PSII) reaction center caused by exciton resonance, is consisted by a series of complex physical and biochemical reactions. The classical and semi-mechanistic models of light response curve of electron transport rate are difficult to explain the dynamic down-regulation of PSII, light adaptation and light protection of algae and higher plant, because they did not involve or only partly involved the primary reaction process. However, the mechanism model takes into account the important role of the physical parameters of the photosynthetic pigment molecule (e.g., the eign-absorption cross-section of light energy (σ_ik), the average life-time of the molecule in the lowest excited state (τ_min), the energy level degeneracy of the molecule and the number of photosynthetic pigment molecules in the excited state (N_k)) in the whole primary reaction process. This model can not only obtain the maximum electron transfer rate and its corresponding saturation light intensity of algae and higher plant, but also get some important physical parameters such as σ_ik and τ_min. Meanwhile, it also can obtain the laws about light-response of the effective light energy absorption cross-section ($\sigma_{\mathrm{ik}}^{\prime}$) and of N_k. It may be the developmental direction of the mechanism model of electron transport rate response to light in the future when the mechanistic model was coupled with some environmental factors (e.g., temperature and CO₂ concentration) and the relationship between light intensity and $\sigma_{\mathrm{ik}}^{\prime}$ and N_k were determined.

Key words: electron transport rate, primary reaction, classical model, semi-mechanistic model, mechanistic model

WANG Fu-Biao, YE Zi-Piao. A review on light response models of electron transport rates of plant[J]. Chin J Plant Ecol, 2024, 48(3): 287-305.

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Figures/Tables 11

Fig. 1 Effect of different values of β (A) and γ (B) on the J/I curves. I, light intensity; J, electron transport rate. α, initial slope; β, coefficient of dynamic down-regulation for photosystem II (PSII); γ, saturation coefficient.

Fig. 2 Effect of different values of β (A) and γ (B) on the$\sigma_{\mathrm{ik}}^{\prime}$/I curves. $\sigma_{\mathrm{ik}}^{\prime}$, effective light energy absorption cross-section; I, light intensity. α, initial slope; β, coefficient of dynamic down-regulation for photosystem II (PSII); γ, saturation coefficient.

Fig. 3 J/I curves fitted by three models for Triticum aestivum (A) and Glycine max (B) (mean ± SE, n = 3). I, light intensity; J, electron transport rate; Eq. (16), $ J=\alpha \frac{1-\beta I}{1+\gamma I} I$.

Table 1 Photosynthetic parameters of J/I curves fitted by three models for Triticum aestivum and Glycine max (mean ± SE)

参数 Parameter	小麦 Triticum aestivum				大豆 Glycine max
参数 Parameter	公式(16) Eq. (16)	非直角双曲线模型 NRH model	双指数函数模型 Double exponent model	观测 Observation	公式(16) Eq. (16)	非直角双曲线模型 NRH	双指数函数模型 Double exponent model	观测 Observation
曲度 Curvature (θ)	-	0.816 ± 0.009		-	-	0.924 ± 0.005		-
初始斜率 Initial slope (α)	0.295 ± 0.012^a	0.282 ± 0.012^a	0.282 ± 0.012^a	-	0.299 ± 0.006^a	0.282 ± 0.005^a	0.282 ± 0.012^a	-
光系统II动力学下调系数 Coefficient of dynamic down-regulation for photosystem II (β)	(2.42 ± 0.28) × 10^-3	-	37.98 ± 1.27	-	(3.07 ± 0.08) × 10^-4	-	(6.13 ± 0.27) × 10³	-
饱和系数 Saturation coefficient (γ)	(1.26 ± 0.66) × 10^-4	-	-	-	(-1.50 ± 0.24) × 10^-4	-	-	-
β = 0时最大电子传递速率 Maximum photosynthetic electron flow when β = 0 (J_s)	-	-	(8.47± 0.35) × 10⁵	-	-	-	(1.81 ± 0.23) × 10⁸	-
最大电子传递速率 Maximum photosynthetic electron flow (J_max)	257.23 ± 7.36^b	304.91 ± 7.11^a	264.74 ± 8.45^b	261.56± 7.32^b	332.79 ± 5.16^b	373.87 ± 5.47^a	367.61 ± 8.13^a	332.86 ± 5.01^b
饱和光强 Saturation irradiance (PAR_sat)	1 873.37 ± 109.46^b	-	2 221.35 ± 125.89^a	1 734.16 ± 66.15^b	1 906.01 ± 19.97^b	-	2 948.74 ± 105.78^a	1 933.23 ± 66.27^b
确定系数 Determined coefficient (R²)	0.998 4 ± 0.000 9	0.998 2 ± 0.000 7	0.999 4 ± 0.000 6	-	0.998 9 ± 0.000 1	0.999 2 ± 0.000 1	0.998 0 ± 0.000 2	-

Fig. 4 Light response of electron transport rate for three Oryza sativa cultivars (mean ± SE, n = 3). I, light intensity; J, electron transport rate; Eq. (16), $ J=\alpha \frac{1-\beta I}{1+\gamma I} I$.

Table 2 Characteristic parameters of light response curves of electron transport rate for three Oryza sativa cultivars (mean ± SE)

参数 Parameter	品种 Cultivars
参数 Parameter	‘深95优1326’ ‘Shen95you1326’	‘五丰优1326’ ‘Wufengyou1326’	‘赣香优1326’ ‘Ganxiangyou1326’
初始斜率 Initial slope (α) (μmol·μmol^-1)	0.308 ± 0.017^a	0.321 ± 0.003^a	0.281 ± 0.005^b
最大电子传递速率 Maximum electron transport rate (J_max) (μmol·m^-2·s^-1)	116.99 ± 6.97^a	115.63 ± 2.16^a	102.48 ± 0.58^b
饱和光强 Saturation irradiance (PAR_sat) (μmol·m^-2·s^-1)	1 155.84 ± 16.41^a	1 181.05 ± 11.32^a	1 076.22 ± 13.55^a
叶绿素含量 Chlorophyll content (mg·dm^-2)	4.58 ± 0.34^b	6.11 ± 0.31^a	5.23 ± 0.25^ab
叶绿素a/叶绿素b Chlorophyll a/ chlorophyll b	2.80 ± 0.54^a	2.23 ± 0.07^a	2.37 ± 0.02^a
本征截面 Eign cross-section (σ_ik) (×10^-21m²)	2.69 ± 0.27^a	2.09 ± 0.10^b	2.13 ± 0.09^b
最小平均寿命 Minimum average life-time (τ_min) (×10^-3s)	1.41 ± 0.21^b	1.62 ± 0.03^a	1.43 ± 0.04^b
确定系数 Determined coefficient (R²)	0.998 3	0.999 3	0.989 3

Fig. 5 Light response of the effective light energy absorption cross-section ($\sigma_{\mathrm{ik}}^{\prime}$) for three Oryza sativa cultivars (mean ± SE, n = 3). I, light intensity.

Fig. 6 Light response of molecules in the excited state (Nk) for three Oryza sativa cultivars (mean ± SE, n = 3). I, light intensity.

Fig. 7 J/I and NPQ/I curves for Rhododendron ‘Hybrida’ under shading and full sunlight conditions (mean ± SE, n = 5). I, light intensity; J, electron transport rate; NPQ, non-photochemical quenching; Eq. (16), $J=\alpha \frac{1-\beta I}{1+\gamma I} I$.

Fig. 8 Nk/I and NPQ/I curves for Rhododendron ‘Hybrida’ under shading and full sunlight conditions(mean ± SE, n = 5). I, light intensity; Nk, molecules in the excited state; NPQ, non-photochemical quenching; Eq. (21),$ N_{\mathrm{k}}=\frac{1}{1+g_{\mathrm{i}} / g_{\mathrm{k}}} \frac{\gamma I}{1+\gamma I} N_{0}$.

Fig. 9 Z chain of electron transport in photosynthesis. A0 and A1, the primary electron acceptor of photosystem I (PSI); Cytb363HP, 363HP cytochrome b; Cytb363LP, 363LP cytochrome b; Cytf, cytochrome f; FA/FB, the secondary electron acceptor of PSI; FeS, iron-sulifide protein; Fd, ferredoxin; FNR, Fd-NADP reductase; Fx, non-heme iron sulfide protein; hv, irradiation with light; Mn, manganese cluster; NADP+, dehydronicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate; NADPH, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate; PC, plasto cynin; Phe, phephytin; PQ, plastoquinone; P700, the pigment of PSI reaction center; P700*, the excited pigment of PSI reaction center; P680, the pigment of photosystem II (PSII) reaction center; P680*, the excited pigment of PSII reaction center; QA, the primary quinone electron acceptor of PSII; QB, the secondary quinone electron acceptor of PSII; Tyr, tyrosine.

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