Responses of photosystem II function of three evergreen broadleaf species to transient warming at winter in subtropical region

doi:10.17521/cjpe.2023.0207

Abstract

Abstract:

Aims Climate warming will lead to a transient warming in subtropical regions during winter. Different overwintering strategies were observed in evergreen species. However, it is not clear how the photosynthetic physiology of evergreen broadleaf plants responds to transient warming at winter in subtropical region. This research aims to explore the responses of photosystem II (PSII) function of evergreen broadleaf species with different cold tolerance to transient warming at winter.

Methods Three evergreen broadleaf species Photinia × fraseri (high cold resistance), Magnolia grandiflora(moderate cold resistance), and Ficus concinna (cold sensitive) planted in subtropics were selected. The chlorophyll fluorescence parameters of shade leaves and sun leaves were examined during the transient warming period (the daily maximum temperature exceeding 15 °C and lasting for 3 d) at winter.

Important findings The PSII function of three evergreen broadleaf species was inhibited by low temperature at winter. Transient warming would promote the recovery of PSII function, however, different responses of PSII function to transient warming were observed in species with different cold tolerance. The winter PSII photoinhibition (WPI) of P. × fraseri was reversible for both shade and sun leaves, the maximum photochemical efficiency (F_v/F_m) of PSII was recovered to normal levels (>0.80) under the transient warming at winter. Moreover, the transient warming stimulated the overcompensation recovery of PSII function in both shade and sun leaves of P. × fraseri, manifested by the photochemical quenching (q_P) and non-photochemical quenching (NPQ) recovered to a higher level under the transient warming condition than before winter cooling (October). To compare the response difference between shade leaves and sun leaves of P. × fraseri, the improvement of photochemical reaction was better in shade leaves, whereas the recovery of thermal dissipation was better in sun leaves. The WPI of shade leaves of M. grandiflora was mainly reversible, while WPI of sun leaves could only partially recover. The transient warming promoted a significant recovery of PSII function in M. grandiflora. Overall, transient warming had a greater promoting effect on the improvement of energy dissipation in M. grandiflora than photochemical reactions. However, the recovery of energy dissipation in shade leaves of M. grandiflora was relatively better than that in sun leaves, while the recovery of photochemical reactions in sun leaves was better during the transient warming periods. For F. concinna, the WPI of shade leaves was mainly reversible, however, the sun leaves were damaged by severe photoinhibition by cold temperature with high light. During the transient warming period, partial recovery of PSII function was observed in the shade leaves of F. concinna, but not in the sun leaves. As same as the M. grandiflora, transient warming was more conducive to the recovery of energy dissipation than photochemical reaction in leaves of F. concinna. WPI was positively correlated with the cold tolerance of the three evergreen broadleaf species. Transient warming stimulated the overcompensation recovery of PSII function in P. × fraseri, and had a greater promoting effect on energy dissipation in M. grandiflora than photochemical reactions, but promoted the recovery of energy dissipation only in F. concinna.

Key words: evergreen broadleaf plant, PSII function, winter PSII photoinhibition, transient warming in winter, subtropical region

YAN Xiao-Hong, FU Ying-Jiang, HU Wen-Hai. Responses of photosystem II function of three evergreen broadleaf species to transient warming at winter in subtropical region[J]. Chin J Plant Ecol, 2025, 49(2): 331-342.

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URL: https://www.plant-ecology.com/EN/10.17521/cjpe.2023.0207

https://www.plant-ecology.com/EN/Y2025/V49/I2/331

Figures/Tables 7

Fig. 1 Changes in daily maximum and minimum air temperature during experimental period of the study site.

Fig. 2 Changes in the maximum quantum yield of photosystem II (Fv/Fm) of three evergreen broadleaf species (mean ± SE, n = 5).

Fig. 3 Rapid light response curves of electron transport rate of PSII (ETR(II)) in the three evergreen broadleaf species (mean ± SE, n = 5). PAR, photosynthetically active radiation.

Fig. 4 Changes in the maximum photosynthetic electron flow (Jmax) and saturated irradiance (PARsat) of three evergreen broadleaf species (mean ± SE, n = 5). Different lowercase letters are significantly different between leaf types, before and after warming (p < 0.05).

Table 1 Collaborative effects of light environment and temperature variation on the maximum photosynthetic electron flow (Jmax) and saturated irradiance (PARsat) of three evergreen broadleaf plants

参数 Parameter	F
参数 Parameter	光环境 Light	温度 Temperature	光环境×温度 Light × temperature
红叶石楠 Photinia × fraseri
J_max	40.404^***	37.689^***	0.578
PAR_sat	154.136^***	20.482^**	15.657^**
荷花木兰 Magnolia grandiflora
J_max	37.702^***	46.720^***	2.483
PAR_sat	13.864^**	14.915^**	2.651
雅榕 Ficus concinna
J_max	58.026^***	23.387^***	4.966
PAR_sat	41.981^***	11.853^**	2.516

Fig. 5 Changes in the photochemical quenching (qP) and non-photochemical quenching (NPQ) of three evergreen broadleaf species (mean ± SE, n = 5).

Fig. 6 Changes in the energy partitioning of photosystem II (PSII) of three evergreen broadleaf species (mean ± SE, n = 5). Y(II), effective PSII quantum yield; Y(NO), quantum yield of non-regulation energy dissipation; Y(NPQ), quantum yield of regulated energy dissipation.

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