Effects of vegetation restoration on soil organic carbon mineralization in the east of Hunan, China

doi:10.17521/cjpe.2018.0202

Abstract

Abstract:

Aims Soil organic carbon (SOC) mineralization and its controlling factors are critical for understanding the mechanisms that regulate C storage and loss processes. Our objectives were to accurately assess the impacts of vegetation restoration on SOC mineralization and to illustrate the underlying mechanism of changes in SOC stability with vegetation restoration in the mid-subtropical region of China.

Methods Four types of vegetation communities (Loropetalum chinense-Vaccinium bracteatum-Rhododendron mariesiiscrub-grass-land (LVR), Loropetalum chinense-Cunninghamia lanceolata-Quercus fabri shrubbery (LCQ), Pinus massoniana-Lithocarpus glaber-Loropetalum chinense coniferous-broad leaved mixed forest (PLL) and Lithocarpus glaber-Cleyera japonica-Cyclobalanopsis glauca evergreen broad-leaved forest (LAG) ) were selected for a successional sequence of the secondary forest in a hilly region of eastern Hunan Province, China. Soil samples (0-40 cm) were collected from four depths (0-10, 10-20, 20-30 and 30-40 cm). SOC mineralization was determined by the laboratory incubation method (alkali absorption method). Principal component analysis and stepwise regression were applied to analyze the relationships between SOC cumulative mineralization (C_m), the percentage of C_m to SOC content and vegetation factors and soil factors.

Important findings 1) SOC mineralization rate displayed similar trends during the four restoration stages: during the early incubation period, SOC mineralization was high and decreased fast, and then the rate decreased slowly and tend to stabilize during the middle and late periods. The pattern was well fitted with the reciprocal equation. 2) SOC mineralization rate and C_m increased significantly with the vegetation restoration stage with the LAG having both the highest SOC mineralization rate and the highest C_m. In 0-40 cm soil layer, C_m in LAG soil was 359.06%-716.31%, 112.38%-232.61%, 94.40%-105.74% higher than that in LVR, LCQ, PLL soils, respectively. 3) The percentage of C_m to SOC content were 2.13%-4.99%, 3.42%-4.18%, 4.05%-4.64%, and 4.02%- 5.64% in 0-10, 10-20, 20-30, 30-40 cm soil layers, respectively. However, there was no significant difference in the percentage of C_m to SOC content among the different restoration stages. 4) Among different vegetation restoration stages, total nitrogen (TN) content and root biomass (RB) were the key factors affecting C_m. TN content and RB together explained 97.8% variations in C_m, of which TN content explained 96.9%. However, C:N was the dominant factor affecting the percentage of C_m to SOC content and it alone explained 49.4% variation. Vegetation restoration promoted SOC mineralization rate and reduced the percentage of C_m to SOC content in our study, which might be related to the changes in RB and soil nutrient during vegetation restoration.

http://jtp.cnki.net/bilingual/detail/html/ZWSB201812008

Key words: mid-subtropical region of China, vegetation restoration, soil organic carbon mineralization, vegetation factor, soil factor

GU Xiang, ZHANG Shi-Ji, LIU Zhao-Dan, LI Lei-Da, CHEN Jin-Lei, WANG Liu-Fang, FANG Xi. Effects of vegetation restoration on soil organic carbon mineralization in the east of Hunan, China[J]. Chin J Plant Ecol, 2018, 42(12): 1211-1224.

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URL: https://www.plant-ecology.com/EN/10.17521/cjpe.2018.0202

https://www.plant-ecology.com/EN/Y2018/V42/I12/1211

Figures/Tables 11

Fig. 1 The location and distribution of the different vegetation communities in the east of Hunan Province. LVR, Loropetalum chinense-Vaccinium bracteatum-Rhododendron mariesii scrub-?grass-?land; LCQ, Loropetalum chinense-Cunninghamia lanceolata-??Quercus fabri shrubbery; PLL, Pinus massoniana-?Lithocarpus glaber-Loropetalum chinense coniferous-broad leaved mixed forest; LAG, Lithocarpus glaber-Cleyera japonica-?Cyclobalanopsis glauca evergreen broad-leaved forest.

Fig. 2 Soil organic carbon (SOC) mineralization rate at different vegetation restoration stages in the east of Hunan Province. LVR, Loropetalum chinense-Vaccinium bracteatum-Rhododendron mariesii scrub-grass-land; LCQ, Loropetalum chinense-Cunninghamia lanceolata-Quercus fabri shrubbery; PLL, Pinus massoniana-Lithocarpus glaber-Loropetalum chinense coniferous-broad leaved mixed forest; LAG, Lithocarpus glaber-Cleyera japonica-Cyclobalanopsis glauca evergreen broad-leaved forest. Different letters indicate significant differences among different vegetation restoration stages in the same soil layer at the same time of incubation (p < 0.05).

Table 3 Fitting of soil organic carbon (SOC) mineralization rate with incubation time using the reciprocal equations at different restoration stages in the east of Hunan Province

土层深度 Soil layer (cm)	恢复阶段 Restoration stages	回归方程 Regression equation	R²	F	土层深度 Soil layer (cm)	恢复阶段 Restoration stages	回归方程 Regression equation	R²	F
0-10	LVR	y= 0.023/x + 0.002	0.901	100.517	20-30	LVR	y = 0.018/x + 0.000	0.866	71.259
	LCQ	y = 0.053/x + 0.008	0.970	356.194		LCQ	y = 0.021/x + 0.002	0.945	187.261
	PLL	y = 0.056/x + 0.009	0.985	747.054		PLL	y = 0.027/x + 0.002	0.982	602.893
	LAG	y = 0.121/x + 0.018	0.978	496.637		LAG	y = 0.033/x + 0.005	0.987	821.403
10-20	LVR	y = 0.022/x + 0.001	0.918	123.038	30-40	LVR	y = 0.018/x - 1.878E-6	0.875	76.822
	LCQ	y = 0.026/x + 0.002	0.979	504.574		LCQ	y = 0.018/x + 0.001	0.886	85.189
	PLL	y = 0.029/x + 0.003	0.976	455.176		PLL	y = 0.026/x + 0.002	0.967	318.004
	LAG	y = 0.039/x + 0.006	0.949	203.566		LAG	y = 0.036/x + 0.004	0.954	228.325

Fig. 3 Soil organic carbon cumulative mineralization (Cm) at different vegetation restoration stages in the east of Hunan Province (mean + SD). LVR, Loropetalum chinense-Vaccinium bracteatum-Rhododendron mariesii scrub-grass-land; LCQ, Loropetalum chinense-Cunninghamia lanceolata-Quercus fabri shrubbery; PLL, Pinus massoniana-Lithocarpus glaber-?Loropetalum chinense coniferous-broad leaved mixed forest; LAG, Lithocarpus glaber-Cleyera japonica-Cyclobalanopsis glauca evergreen broad-leaved forest. Different capital letters represent significant differences among different vegetation restoration stages in the same soil layer (p < 0.05), and different lower letters indicate significant differences among different soil layers at the same vegetation restoration stage (p < 0.05).

Fig. 4 The percentage of soil organic carbon cumulative mineralization to soil organic carbon content (Cm/SOC) at different vegetation restoration stages in the east of Hunan Province (mean + SD). LVR, Loropetalum chinense-Vaccinium bracteatum-Rhododendron mariesii scrub-grass-land; LCQ, Loropetalum chinense-Cunninghamia lanceolata-Quercus fabri shrubbery; PLL, Pinus massoniana-Lithocarpus glaber-?Loropetalum chinense coniferous-broad leaved mixed forest; LAG, Lithocarpus glaber-Cleyera japonica-Cyclobalanopsis glauca evergreen broad-leaved forest. Different capital letters represent significant differences among different vegetation restoration stages in the same soil layer (p < 0.05), and different lower letters indicate significant differences among different soil layers at the same vegetation restoration stage (p < 0.05).

Table 4 Pearson correlation coefficient between soil organic carbon (SOC) cumulative mineralization (Cm), the percentage of Cm to SOC content (Cm/SOC) and vegetation factors, respectively

项目 Item	植物多样性指数 Species diversity index	地上部分生物量 Aboveground biomass	根系生物量 Root biomass	凋落物层现存量 Existing biomass in litter layer	凋落物层 C含量 C concentration in litter layer	凋落物层 N含量 N concentration in litter layer	凋落物层 P含量 P concentration in litter layer	凋落物层木质素含量 Lignin concentration in litter layer	凋落物层 C:N The ratio of C to N in litter layer	凋落物层 C:P The ratio of C to P in litter layer	凋落物层 N:P The ratio of N to P in litter layer
C_m	0.625^*	0.818^**	0.897^**	0.539	0.269	0.669^*	0.640^*	0.397	0.098	-0.287	-0.490
C_m/SOC	-0.057	-0.150	-0.082	-0.075	0.051	0.171	0.137	0.016	0.010	-0.027	-0.155

Table 5 Pearson correlation coefficient between soil organic carbon (SOC) cumulative mineralization (Cm), the percentage of Cm to SOC content (Cm/SOC) and soil factors, respectively

项目 Item	容重 Bulk density	<0.002 mm黏粒百分含量 Soil clay percentage of <0.002 mm	pH	SOC	TN	TP	C:N	C:P	N:P
C_m	-0.312	0.774^**	-0.734^**	0.971^**	0.986^**	0.595^*	-0.315	0.653^*	0.738^**
C_m/SOC	0.154	-0.203	0.323	-0.320	-0.223	-0.172	-0.732^**	-0.268	-0.096

Table 6 The principle component loading matrix, eigenvalue and contribution rate for vegetation and soil factors

因子 Factor	主成分 Component			因子 Factor	主成分 Component
因子 Factor	1	2	3	因子 Factor	1	2	3
植物多样性指数 Species diversity index	0.639	-0.103	0.515	土壤有机碳含量 Soil organic carbon concentration	0.947	-0.142	-0.084
地上部分生物量 Aboveground biomass	0.883	-0.005	-0.410	土壤全氮含量 Soil total nitrogen concentration	0.951	-0.158	0.043
根系生物量 Root biomass	0.951	0.003	-0.212	土壤全磷含量 Soil total phosphorus concentration	0.536	-0.823	-0.064
凋落物层N含量 Nitrogen concentration in litter layer	0.763	0.320	0.094	土壤碳磷比 Soil C:P	0.697	0.675	-0.111
凋落物层P含量 Phosphorus concentration in litter layer	0.651	-0.245	0.512	土壤氮磷比 Soil N:P	0.767	0.613	0.073
<0.002 mm黏粒百分含量 Soil clay percentage of <0.002 mm	0.711	-0.040	0.473	贡献率 Contribution rate (%)	61.511	14.966	10.687
土壤pH值 Soil pH value	-0.782	0.261	-0.752	累积贡献率 Accumulative contribution rate (%)	61.511	76.477	87.165

Table 7 The stepwise regression analysis for main influencing factors of soil organic carbon (SOC) cumulative mineralization (Cm) and the percentage of Cm to SOC content (Cm/SOC)

项目 Item	模型 Model	变量 Variable	回归方程 Regression equation	多元相关系数 Multiple correlation coefficient (R)	调整判定系数 Adjust R²	F	P
C_m	1	TN	C_m= 0.572 TN + 0.250	0.986	0.969	380.581	0.000
C_m	2	RB	C_m=0.474 TN + 0.000006 RB + 0.290	0.991	0.978	273.558	0.000
C_m/SOC	1	Soil C:N	C_m/SOC = -0.302 C:N +8.717	0.732	0.494	12.700	0.004

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