MATERNAL DIVERGENCE AND PHYLOGEOGRAPHICAL RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN HIPPOPHAE GYANTSENSIS AND H. RHAMNOIDES SUBSP. YUNNANENSIS

doi:10.3773/j.issn.1005-264x.2009.01.001

Abstract

Abstract:

Aims In order to understand complex speciation, it is critically important to investigate the corresponding genetic divergence and lineage sorting between close species or taxa distributed in parapatric regions. Our aim was to outline the distribution of the maternally inherited chloroplast haplotypes of Hippophae gyantsensis and H. rhamnoides subsp. yunnanensis and construct their phylogeographic relationships. The former species occurs in central and west Tibet, while the latter is distributed in northwest Yunnan and west Sichuan. These taxa are distinguished by leaf shape, trichomes and fruits.
Methods We sequenced trnL-F and trnS-G DNA fragments for 109 trees of 14 populations from these two taxa.
Important findings A total of 11 chlorotypes were identified, seven in H. gyantsensis and six in H. rhamnoides subsp. yunnanensis, with two shared. Phylogenetic and Nested Clade Analysis analyses further suggested that the divergence of these haplotypes is highly inconsistent with morphological differentiation of the two taxa, suggesting complex maternal lineage sorting between them. These findings refute the previous systematic placements of H. gyantsensis within the genus. However, the available data could not distinguish between two alterative hypotheses regarding origin of this species: homoploid hybrid versus allopatric speciation. In addition, the unique haplotypes recovered in separate populations within each of two taxa suggest that multiple refugia might have maintained both across their distributional ranges during the Last Glacial Maximum.

Key words: Hippophae rhamnoides subsp. yunnanensis, H. gyantsensis, cpDNA, trnL-F, trnS-G, lineage sorting, speciation, glacial refugia

CHENG Kai, SUN Kun, WEN Hong-Yan, ZHANG Min, JIA Dong-Rui, LIU Jian-Quan. MATERNAL DIVERGENCE AND PHYLOGEOGRAPHICAL RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN HIPPOPHAE GYANTSENSIS AND H. RHAMNOIDES SUBSP. YUNNANENSIS[J]. Chin J Plant Ecol, 2009, 33(1): 1-11.

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Figures/Tables 9

References 36

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种群号 Pop. No.	采集号 Pop. code	采样地 Location	纬度 Latitude	经度 Longitude	海拔 Alt. (m)	样本数 N	遗传多样性指数 h	核苷酸多样性指数 π
1	Liu2006252	西藏定日 Dingri, Tibet	28o40′	087o11′	4 370	8	0.536	0.004 65
2	Liu2006261	西藏拉孜 Lazi, Tibet	29o12′	087o41′	3 970	9	0.389	0.001 76
3	Liu2006262	西藏谢通门 Xietongmen, Tibet	29o25′	088o13′	3 940	8	0.429	0.005 75
4	Liu2006263	西藏日喀则 Rikazi, Tibet	29o21′	088o49′	3 860	8	0.000	0.000 00
5	Liu2006217	西藏康马 Kangma, Tibet	28o48′	089o40′	4 150	9	0.000	0.000 00
6	Liu2006227	西藏南木林 Nanmulin, Tibet	29o41′	089o10′	4 030	7	0.000	0.000 00
7	Liu2006271	西藏拉萨 Lasa, Tibet	29o40′	091o06′	3 650	6	0.000	0.000 00
8	Liu2006274	西藏拉萨 Lasa, Tibet	29o36′	091o08′	3 730	8	0.000	0.000 00
9	Liu2006286	西藏林芝 Linzhi, Tibet	29o44′	094o43′	3 640	8	0.429	0.001 94
10	Liu2006211	西藏波密 Bomi, Tibet	29o12′	095o54′	3 860	6	0.533	0.005 31
11	Liu2006287	西藏波密 Bomi, Tibet	29o45′	095o58′	2 950	8	0.714	0.005 86
12	Liu2006304	西藏芒康 Mangkang, Tibet	29o42′	098o24′	3 430	9	0.000	0.000 00
13	Liu2006309	云南德钦 Deqin, Yunnan	28o27′	098o53′	3 470	7	0.000	0.000 00
14	Liu2006317	四川理塘 Litang, Sichuan	29o43′	100o24′	3 640	8	0.571	0.010 36

种群号 Pop. No.	采集号 Pop. code	采样地 Location	纬度 Latitude	经度 Longitude	海拔 Alt. (m)	样本数 N	遗传多样性指数 h	核苷酸多样性指数 π
1	Liu2006252	西藏定日 Dingri, Tibet	28o40′	087o11′	4 370	8	0.536	0.004 65
2	Liu2006261	西藏拉孜 Lazi, Tibet	29o12′	087o41′	3 970	9	0.389	0.001 76
3	Liu2006262	西藏谢通门 Xietongmen, Tibet	29o25′	088o13′	3 940	8	0.429	0.005 75
4	Liu2006263	西藏日喀则 Rikazi, Tibet	29o21′	088o49′	3 860	8	0.000	0.000 00
5	Liu2006217	西藏康马 Kangma, Tibet	28o48′	089o40′	4 150	9	0.000	0.000 00
6	Liu2006227	西藏南木林 Nanmulin, Tibet	29o41′	089o10′	4 030	7	0.000	0.000 00
7	Liu2006271	西藏拉萨 Lasa, Tibet	29o40′	091o06′	3 650	6	0.000	0.000 00
8	Liu2006274	西藏拉萨 Lasa, Tibet	29o36′	091o08′	3 730	8	0.000	0.000 00
9	Liu2006286	西藏林芝 Linzhi, Tibet	29o44′	094o43′	3 640	8	0.429	0.001 94
10	Liu2006211	西藏波密 Bomi, Tibet	29o12′	095o54′	3 860	6	0.533	0.005 31
11	Liu2006287	西藏波密 Bomi, Tibet	29o45′	095o58′	2 950	8	0.714	0.005 86
12	Liu2006304	西藏芒康 Mangkang, Tibet	29o42′	098o24′	3 430	9	0.000	0.000 00
13	Liu2006309	云南德钦 Deqin, Yunnan	28o27′	098o53′	3 470	7	0.000	0.000 00
14	Liu2006317	四川理塘 Litang, Sichuan	29o43′	100o24′	3 640	8	0.571	0.010 36

核苷酸位点Site 单倍型 Haplotypes	5 5	5 6	2 0 0	2 4 2	5 1 4	5 1 6	5 2 2	5 2 6	5 4 4	5 6 9	5 8 1	6 0 4	6 0 5	6 1 0	6 1 4	6 4 9	6 8 1	6 8 6	6 9 5	6 9 7	7 0 2	7 5 9	7 7 7	7 8 0	7 8 1	8 1 3	8 4 9	8 8 3	9 0 4	9 2 6	9 3 6	9 4 7	9 7 1	9 7 4	9 7 5	1 0 0 1	1 0 0 8	1 0 1 4	1 0 1 5	1 0 3 2	1 0 7 3	1110	1124	1219	1224	1237	1416	1435	1483	1 4 98	1 5 0 9
H1	A	T	T	G	C	T	C	T	A	T	T	A	A	T	C	A	A	C	A	T	A	T	A	T	G	T	G	C	T	T	C	△	●	A	■	★	◇	A	㊣	＃	⊙	A	G	C	T	-	T	C	A	A	C
H2	A	T	T	A	C	T	C	T	A	T	C	A	A	T	C	A	A	G	A	T	A	T	A	T	G	T	G	C	T	T	C	△	●	C	■	★	◇	A	㊣	-	⊙	A	G	A	T	-	T	C	C	A	C
H3	T	G	C	G	C	T	C	C	C	T	C	A	A	T	C	C	A	G	G	G	C	G	G	T	G	G	G	C	T	T	C	△	●	A	■	★	◇	A	㊣	＃	⊙	A	G	C	T	-	T	C	A	A	C
H4	T	G	C	G	C	T	C	C	C	T	C	A	A	A	A	A	C	C	A	G	A	T	G	G	G	T	G	C	T	T	C	△	●	A	■	★	◇	A	㊣	＃	⊙	A	G	C	T	-	T	C	A	A	C
H5	T	G	C	G	T	C	T	C	C	A	C	T	C	T	C	A	C	C	A	G	A	T	G	G	A	T	A	C	T	T	C	△	●	A	■	★	◇	A	㊣	＃	⊙	A	G	C	T	-	T	C	A	A	C
H6	T	G	C	G	T	C	T	C	C	A	C	T	C	T	C	A	C	C	A	G	A	T	G	G	A	T	A	C	T	T	C	△	●	A	■	★	◇	A	㊣	-	⊙	A	G	C	T	-	T	C	A	A	C
H7	T	G	C	G	C	T	C	C	C	A	C	A	A	A	A	A	C	C	A	G	A	T	G	G	G	T	G	C	T	A	C	-	-	A	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	G	G	A	G	＊	T	C	C	-	C
H8	T	G	C	G	C	T	C	C	C	T	C	A	A	A	A	A	C	C	A	G	A	T	G	G	G	T	G	C	T	T	C	-	-	A	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	G	G	A	G	＊	T	C	C	-	C
H9	T	G	C	G	C	T	C	C	C	T	C	A	A	T	C	C	A	G	G	G	C	G	G	T	G	G	G	T	C	T	G	-	●	A	■	-	◇	C	㊣	-	⊙	G	A	A	T	＊	T	G	C	-	T
H10	T	G	C	G	T	C	T	C	C	A	C	T	C	T	C	A	C	C	A	G	A	T	G	G	A	T	A	C	T	A	C	-	●	C	■	★	◇	A	㊣	-	⊙	G	G	A	T	＊	G	C	C	-	C
H11	A	T	T	G	C	T	C	C	A	T	T	A	A	T	C	A	A	C	A	T	A	T	A	T	G	T	G	C	T	A	C	-	●	C	■	★	◇	A	㊣	-	⊙	G	G	A	T	＊	G	C	C	-	C

核苷酸位点Site 单倍型 Haplotypes	5 5	5 6	2 0 0	2 4 2	5 1 4	5 1 6	5 2 2	5 2 6	5 4 4	5 6 9	5 8 1	6 0 4	6 0 5	6 1 0	6 1 4	6 4 9	6 8 1	6 8 6	6 9 5	6 9 7	7 0 2	7 5 9	7 7 7	7 8 0	7 8 1	8 1 3	8 4 9	8 8 3	9 0 4	9 2 6	9 3 6	9 4 7	9 7 1	9 7 4	9 7 5	1 0 0 1	1 0 0 8	1 0 1 4	1 0 1 5	1 0 3 2	1 0 7 3	1110	1124	1219	1224	1237	1416	1435	1483	1 4 98	1 5 0 9
H1	A	T	T	G	C	T	C	T	A	T	T	A	A	T	C	A	A	C	A	T	A	T	A	T	G	T	G	C	T	T	C	△	●	A	■	★	◇	A	㊣	＃	⊙	A	G	C	T	-	T	C	A	A	C
H2	A	T	T	A	C	T	C	T	A	T	C	A	A	T	C	A	A	G	A	T	A	T	A	T	G	T	G	C	T	T	C	△	●	C	■	★	◇	A	㊣	-	⊙	A	G	A	T	-	T	C	C	A	C
H3	T	G	C	G	C	T	C	C	C	T	C	A	A	T	C	C	A	G	G	G	C	G	G	T	G	G	G	C	T	T	C	△	●	A	■	★	◇	A	㊣	＃	⊙	A	G	C	T	-	T	C	A	A	C
H4	T	G	C	G	C	T	C	C	C	T	C	A	A	A	A	A	C	C	A	G	A	T	G	G	G	T	G	C	T	T	C	△	●	A	■	★	◇	A	㊣	＃	⊙	A	G	C	T	-	T	C	A	A	C
H5	T	G	C	G	T	C	T	C	C	A	C	T	C	T	C	A	C	C	A	G	A	T	G	G	A	T	A	C	T	T	C	△	●	A	■	★	◇	A	㊣	＃	⊙	A	G	C	T	-	T	C	A	A	C
H6	T	G	C	G	T	C	T	C	C	A	C	T	C	T	C	A	C	C	A	G	A	T	G	G	A	T	A	C	T	T	C	△	●	A	■	★	◇	A	㊣	-	⊙	A	G	C	T	-	T	C	A	A	C
H7	T	G	C	G	C	T	C	C	C	A	C	A	A	A	A	A	C	C	A	G	A	T	G	G	G	T	G	C	T	A	C	-	-	A	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	G	G	A	G	＊	T	C	C	-	C
H8	T	G	C	G	C	T	C	C	C	T	C	A	A	A	A	A	C	C	A	G	A	T	G	G	G	T	G	C	T	T	C	-	-	A	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	G	G	A	G	＊	T	C	C	-	C
H9	T	G	C	G	C	T	C	C	C	T	C	A	A	T	C	C	A	G	G	G	C	G	G	T	G	G	G	T	C	T	G	-	●	A	■	-	◇	C	㊣	-	⊙	G	A	A	T	＊	T	G	C	-	T
H10	T	G	C	G	T	C	T	C	C	A	C	T	C	T	C	A	C	C	A	G	A	T	G	G	A	T	A	C	T	A	C	-	●	C	■	★	◇	A	㊣	-	⊙	G	G	A	T	＊	G	C	C	-	C
H11	A	T	T	G	C	T	C	C	A	T	T	A	A	T	C	A	A	C	A	T	A	T	A	T	G	T	G	C	T	A	C	-	●	C	■	★	◇	A	㊣	-	⊙	G	G	A	T	＊	G	C	C	-	C

多样性参数 Diversity parameters	合计 Total	江孜沙棘 H. gyantsensis	云南沙棘 H. rhamnoides subsp. yunnanensis
种群 Populations	15	8	6
单倍型 Haplotypes	11	7	6
H_S	0.270 (0.077 4)	0.229(0.092 6)	0.343 (0.147 1)
H_T	0.884 (0.043 8)	0.850 (0.074 9)	0.919 (0.065 5)
G_ST	0.694 (0.090 2)	0.730 (0.103 3)	0.627 (0.169 9)
V_S	0.257 (0.079 6)	0.166 (0.084 3)	0.274 (0.131 6)
V_T	0.0934 (0.061 3)	0.862 (0.126 0)	1.036 (0.069 9)
N_ST	0.725 (0.086 4)	0.807 (0.108 0)	0.735 (0.161 2)
N_ST -G_ST	0.024	0.077	0.068
h	0.835	0.721	0.820
π	0.010 20	0.006 68	0.011 59
Tajima’s D	2.261 0^*	0..854 3	2.354 1^*
Fu & Li’s D*	2.083 8^**	1.883 7^**	1.908 6^**