Effects of resource allocation and floral traits on the number and mass of Saussurea undulata seeds from different elevations in eastern Qinghai-Xizang Plateau

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1258.2014.00033

Abstract

Abstract:

Aims This paper studies the resource allocation during flowering and fruiting, as well as the relationship between variations in floral traits and seed characters in Saussurea undulata.
Methods Field sampling and measurements of dry mass were used to evaluate morphological characteristics of S. undulata distributed at different elevations in eastern Qinghai-Xizang Plateau.
Important findings Saussurea undulata invested more resources in the reproductive organs during flowering, whereas it invested more resources in seed during fruiting. The variations in floral traits during flowering led to a decline in seed number and an increase in 100-seed mass in S. undulate during fruiting with increasing elevation, because the species adopted survival strategies that produce less but larger seed to ensure survival of each seed under the extreme environment of alpine meadow in eastern Qinghai-Xizang Plateau.

Key words: elevation, reproduction, resource, trade-off

WANG Yi-Feng, YUE Yong-Cheng. Effects of resource allocation and floral traits on the number and mass of Saussurea undulata seeds from different elevations in eastern Qinghai-Xizang Plateau[J]. Chin J Plant Ecol, 2014, 38(4): 366-374.

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URL: https://www.plant-ecology.com/EN/10.3724/SP.J.1258.2014.00033

https://www.plant-ecology.com/EN/Y2014/V38/I4/366

Figures/Tables 8

Table 1 The samples of Saussurea undulata

种群 Population	花期采集时间 Collection date during flowering	果期采集时间 Collection date during fruiting	海拔 Elevation (m)	采集地 Collection location	生境 Habitat
1	2011-8-23	2011-10-18	2 100	夏河 Xiahe	灌丛 Shrub
2	2011-8-23	2011-10-18	2 100	夏河 Xiahe	灌丛 Shrub
3	2011-8-23	2011-10-18	2 600	合作 Hezuo	山坡草地 Hillside meadow
4	2011-8-23	2011-10-18	2 600	合作 Hezuo	山坡草地 Hillside meadow
5	2011-8-25	2011-10-18	2 800	合作-卓尼 Hezuo-Jonê	山坡灌丛草地 Hillside meadow and shrub
6	2011-8-25	2011-10-19	2 800	合作-卓尼 Hezuo-Jonê	山坡灌丛草地 Hillside meadow and shrub
7	2011-8-26	2011-10-19	2 900	临潭 Lintan	灌丛 Shrub
8	2011-8-26	2011-10-19	2 900	临潭 Lintan	灌丛 Shrub
9	2011-8-28	2011-10-19	3 100	迭部 Têwo	草地 Meadow
10	2011-8-28	2011-10-21	3 100	迭部 Têwo	草地 Meadow
11	2011-8-28	2011-10-21	3 200	合作 Hezuo	灌丛 Shrub
12	2011-8-28	2011-10-21	3 200	合作 Hezuo	灌丛 Shrub
13	2011-8-28	2011-10-21	3 250	卓尼 Jonê	山坡草地 Hillside meadow
14	2011-8-28	2011-10-21	3 250	卓尼 Jonê	山坡草地 Hillside meadow
15	2011-8-30	2011-10-21	3 300	碌曲 Luqu	草地 Meadow
16	2011-8-30	2011-10-23	3 300	碌曲 Luqu	草地 Meadow
17	2011-8-30	2011-10-23	3 400	玛曲 Maqu	草地 Meadow
18	2011-8-30	2011-10-23	3 400	玛曲 Maqu	草地 Meadow

Fig. 1 Linear regressions of reproductive and vegetative allocations with elevation in Saussurea undulata during flowering. Filled circles represent vegetative allocation, and open circles represent reproductive allocation; the solid line illustrates the linear relationship between vegetative allocation and elevation, and the dotted line illustrates the linear relationship between reproductive allocation and elevation.

Fig. 2 Linear regressions of elevation with vegetative biomass and seed mass in Saussurea undulata during fruiting. Filled circles represent vegetative biomass, and open circles represent seed mass; the dotted line illustrates the linear relationship between seed mass and elevation.

Fig. 3 Linear regressions of seed number with capitulum number of each individual plant and disc floret number of each capitulum in Saussurea undulata. Filled circles represent disc floret number of each capitulum, and open circles represent capitulum number of each individual plant; the solid line illustrates the linear relationship between capitulum number of each individual plant and seed number, and the dotted line illustrates the linear relationship between disc floret number of each capitulum and seed number.

Fig. 4 Linear regressions of seed number and length of anther and filament in Saussurea undulata. Filled circles represent length of filament, and open circles represent length of anther; the solid line illustrates the linear relationship between length of anther and seed number, and the dotted line illustrates the linear relationship between length of filament and seed number.

Fig. 5 Linear regressions of seed number with length of stamen and number of pollen in Saussurea undulata. Filled circles represent number of pollen, and open circles represent length of stamen; the solid line illustrates the linear relationship between length of stamen and seed number, and the dotted line illustrates the linear relationship between number of pollen and seed number.

Fig. 6 Linear regressions of seed number with length of column and style branches in Saussurea undulata. Filled circles represent length of style branches, and open circles represent length of column; the solid line illustrates the linear relationship between length of column and seed numbers, and the dotted line illustrates the linear relationship between length of style branches and seed number.

Fig. 7 Linear regressions of 100-seed mass with individual capitulum mass and individual disc floret mass t in Saussurea undulata. Filled circles represent individual disc floret mass, and open circles represent individual capitulum mass; the solid line illustrates the linear relationship between individual capitulum mass and 100-seed mass, and the dotted line illustrates the linear relationship between individual disc floret mass and 100-seed mass.

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