Effects of inoculation with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi on photosynthetic physiology in females and males of Populus deltoides exposed to cadmium pollution

doi:10.17521/cjpe.2016.0210

Abstract

Abstract:

Aims Populus deltoides is an important plantation tree species in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River and in Huai River Plain. The extensively cultivated varieties are consisted of both females and males of P. deltoides. The objective of this paper was to characterize the difference in cadmium (Cd) tolerance between the sexes and the effects of symbiosis with Rhizophagus intraradices on their Cd tolerance.
Methods The experiment was carried out under semi-controlled conditions in a natural light greenhouse, protected from rain. Rhizophagus intraradices was inoculated on roots of both females and males when transplanting to a sand culture substrate. After one month, half of cuttings were exposed to Cd pollution (10 mg·kg^-1). All cuttings were irrigated with sterile water to avoid infection by other microorganism. About three months later, the gas exchange rate, net photosynthesis rate (P_n)-intercellular CO₂ concentration (C_i) curve, chlorophyll fluorescence, osmotic adjustment and phytohormone content of both females and males of P. deltoides were measured.
Important findings Our main results are as follows: (1) when compared to the controls, decreases in P_n, stomatal conductance, C_i, transpiration rate, maximum photochemical efficiency of photosystem II (PSII), effective quantum yield of PSII, photo-chemical quenching coefficient, maximum rate of carboxylation of Rubisco, photosynthetically active radiation-saturated rate of electron transport and rate of triose phosphate utilization to a different degree in both sexes of P. deltoides under Cd pollution were found, and females exhibited a greater decrease in such parameters than males. Rhizophagus intraradices inoculation mitigated the toxic effect of Cd on such parameters to a different degree in females, not in males. (2) Under Cd pollution, there was an increase in proline content in both sexes when compared to the controls. A further increase in proline content occurred in females, not in males, when inoculated with R. intraradices. (3) When compared to the controls, there was a decrease in indoleacetic acid, but an increase in abscisic acid in leaves of both sexes when exposed to Cd pollution. The amplitude changed in both phytohormones in females was greater than that in males. Rhizophagus intraradices inoculation was helpful for recovery of phytohormone balance in females, which was not observed in males. Therefore, our results indicated that (1) there were a greater negative effect exerted by Cd pollution on gas exchange rate, carbon fixation capacity and phytohormone balance and a more impairment of photosynthetic apparatus in females when compared to males, showing a less tolerance to stress conditions in females; (2) Rhizophagus intraradices inoculation could enhance the osmotic adjustment capacity in females, thus mitigate the negative effect of Cd stress on ability of carbon fixation and phytohormone balance in females. However, such positive effects derived from R. intraradices symbiosis were not observed in males.

http://jtp.cnki.net/bilingual/detail/html/ZWSB201704010

Key words: vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhiza, Populus deltoides, cadmium pollution, dioecy, photosynthesis

Liang-Hua CHEN, Juan LAI, Xiang-Wei HU, Wan-Qin YANG, Jian ZHANG, Xiao-Jun WANG, Ling-Jie TAN. Effects of inoculation with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi on photosynthetic physiology in females and males of Populus deltoides exposed to cadmium pollution[J]. Chin J Plant Ecol, 2017, 41(4): 480-488.

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URL: https://www.plant-ecology.com/EN/10.17521/cjpe.2016.0210

https://www.plant-ecology.com/EN/Y2017/V41/I4/480

Figures/Tables 6

References 33

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处理 Treatment	丛枝菌根 AM	性别 Sex	净光合速率 P_n(µmol·m^-2·s^-1)	气孔导度 G_s (mol·m^-2·s^-1)	胞间CO₂浓度 C_i (µmol·mol^-1)	蒸腾速率 T_r (mmol·m^-2·s^-1)
对照	-	雄株 Male	11.91 ± 0.26^b	0.37 ± 0.04^bcd	318.40 ± 10.05^a	4.37 ± 0.27^ab
Control	-	雌株 Female	13.68 ± 0.79^ab	0.51 ± 0.02^ab	310.85 ± 7.71^ab	5.50 ± 0.27^a
	+	雄株 Male	12.34 ± 0.34^b	0.41 ± 0.03^abc	313.96 ± 7.72^ab	5.11 ± 0.20^a
	+	雌株 Female	14.43 ± 0.42^a	0.52 ± 0.05^a	313.68 ± 10.97^ab	5.37 ± 0.44^a
Cd污染	-	雄株 Male	9.70 ± 0.46^c	0.25 ± 0.02^de	270.87 ± 6.51^bc	3.48 ± 0.26^bc
Cd pollution	-	雌株 Female	6.58 ± 0.27^d	0.13 ± 0.02^e	243.14 ± 9.73^c	2.10 ± 0.33^d
	+	雄株 Male	8.86 ± 0.35^c	0.27 ± 0.02^d	273.86 ± 9.00^bc	2.95 ± 0.26^cd
	+	雌株 Female	9.59 ± 0.28^c	0.30 ± 0.01^cd	288.10 ± 4.52^ab	3.26 ± 0.11^bcd
F_s			ns	ns	ns	ns
F_cd			***	***	***	***
F_AMF			*	**	ns	ns
F_s×cd			***	***	ns	**
F_s×AMF			**	ns	*	ns
F_cd×AMF			ns	ns	ns	ns
F_s×cd×AMF			**	*	ns	**

处理 Treatment	丛枝菌根 AM	性别 Sex	净光合速率 P_n(µmol·m^-2·s^-1)	气孔导度 G_s (mol·m^-2·s^-1)	胞间CO₂浓度 C_i (µmol·mol^-1)	蒸腾速率 T_r (mmol·m^-2·s^-1)
对照	-	雄株 Male	11.91 ± 0.26^b	0.37 ± 0.04^bcd	318.40 ± 10.05^a	4.37 ± 0.27^ab
Control	-	雌株 Female	13.68 ± 0.79^ab	0.51 ± 0.02^ab	310.85 ± 7.71^ab	5.50 ± 0.27^a
	+	雄株 Male	12.34 ± 0.34^b	0.41 ± 0.03^abc	313.96 ± 7.72^ab	5.11 ± 0.20^a
	+	雌株 Female	14.43 ± 0.42^a	0.52 ± 0.05^a	313.68 ± 10.97^ab	5.37 ± 0.44^a
Cd污染	-	雄株 Male	9.70 ± 0.46^c	0.25 ± 0.02^de	270.87 ± 6.51^bc	3.48 ± 0.26^bc
Cd pollution	-	雌株 Female	6.58 ± 0.27^d	0.13 ± 0.02^e	243.14 ± 9.73^c	2.10 ± 0.33^d
	+	雄株 Male	8.86 ± 0.35^c	0.27 ± 0.02^d	273.86 ± 9.00^bc	2.95 ± 0.26^cd
	+	雌株 Female	9.59 ± 0.28^c	0.30 ± 0.01^cd	288.10 ± 4.52^ab	3.26 ± 0.11^bcd
F_s			ns	ns	ns	ns
F_cd			***	***	***	***
F_AMF			*	**	ns	ns
F_s×cd			***	***	ns	**
F_s×AMF			**	ns	*	ns
F_cd×AMF			ns	ns	ns	ns
F_s×cd×AMF			**	*	ns	**

处理 Treatment	丛枝菌根 AM	性别 Sex	最大羧化速率 V_cmax (µmol·m^-2·s^-1)	最大电子传递速率 J_max (µmol·m^-2·s^-1)	磷酸丙糖利用率 TPU (µmol·m^-2·s^-1)	CO₂补偿点 Г (µmol·mol^-1)
对照	-	雄株 Male	34.17 ± 1.14^bc	88.20 ± 1.80^bc	6.26 ± 0.14^abcd	6.20 ± 0.36^b
Control	-	雌株 Female	37.80 ± 0.17^b	93.60 ± 3.38^b	7.91 ± 0.64^abc	6.10 ± 0.21^b
	+	雄株 Male	42.57 ± 1.34^b	117.33 ± 6.77^a	8.88 ± 0.95^a	5.57 ± 0.08^b
	+	雌株 Female	52.30 ± 3.13^a	137.33 ± 5.78^a	8.24 ± 0.63^ab	5.34 ± 0.12^b
Cd 污染	-	雄株 Male	25.87 ± 2.39^cd	71.20 ± 2.72^cd	4.17 ± 0.27^d	6.87 ± 0.28^b
Cd pollution	-	雌株 Female	22.67 ± 1.36^d	59.50 ± 3.50^d	5.19 ± 0.41^bcd	9.91 ± 0.46^a
	+	雄株 Male	24.17 ± 2.81^d	68.97 ± 4.34^cd	4.68 ± 0.45^cd	6.08 ± 0.20^b
	+	雌株 Female	25.30 ± 1.03^cd	73.23 ± 4.52^bcd	6.54 ± 1.22^abcd	7.02 ± 0.38^b
F_s			ns	ns	ns	ns
F_cd			***	***	***	***
F_AMF			***	***	*	ns
F_s×cd			**	*	*	ns
F_s×AMF			ns	*	ns	**
F_cd×AMF			***	***	ns	**
F_s×cd×AMF			ns	ns	ns	**

处理 Treatment	丛枝菌根 AM	性别 Sex	最大羧化速率 V_cmax (µmol·m^-2·s^-1)	最大电子传递速率 J_max (µmol·m^-2·s^-1)	磷酸丙糖利用率 TPU (µmol·m^-2·s^-1)	CO₂补偿点 Г (µmol·mol^-1)
对照	-	雄株 Male	34.17 ± 1.14^bc	88.20 ± 1.80^bc	6.26 ± 0.14^abcd	6.20 ± 0.36^b
Control	-	雌株 Female	37.80 ± 0.17^b	93.60 ± 3.38^b	7.91 ± 0.64^abc	6.10 ± 0.21^b
	+	雄株 Male	42.57 ± 1.34^b	117.33 ± 6.77^a	8.88 ± 0.95^a	5.57 ± 0.08^b
	+	雌株 Female	52.30 ± 3.13^a	137.33 ± 5.78^a	8.24 ± 0.63^ab	5.34 ± 0.12^b
Cd 污染	-	雄株 Male	25.87 ± 2.39^cd	71.20 ± 2.72^cd	4.17 ± 0.27^d	6.87 ± 0.28^b
Cd pollution	-	雌株 Female	22.67 ± 1.36^d	59.50 ± 3.50^d	5.19 ± 0.41^bcd	9.91 ± 0.46^a
	+	雄株 Male	24.17 ± 2.81^d	68.97 ± 4.34^cd	4.68 ± 0.45^cd	6.08 ± 0.20^b
	+	雌株 Female	25.30 ± 1.03^cd	73.23 ± 4.52^bcd	6.54 ± 1.22^abcd	7.02 ± 0.38^b
F_s			ns	ns	ns	ns
F_cd			***	***	***	***
F_AMF			***	***	*	ns
F_s×cd			**	*	*	ns
F_s×AMF			ns	*	ns	**
F_cd×AMF			***	***	ns	**
F_s×cd×AMF			ns	ns	ns	**

处理 Treatment	丛枝菌根 AM	性别 Sex	F_v/F_m	Φ_PSII	q_P	q_N
对照	-	雄株 Male	0.80 ± 0.01^ab	0.72 ± 0.01^a	0.94 ± 0.01^a	0.19 ± 0.01^cd
Control	-	雌株 Female	0.81 ± 0.01^ab	0.73 ± 0.00^a	0.96 ± 0.00^a	0.19 ± 0.01^cd
	+	雄株 Male	0.81 ± 0.00^ab	0.73 ± 0.00^a	0.94 ± 0.01^a	0.24 ± 0.01^bc
	+	雌株 Female	0.81 ± 0.00^ab	0.73 ± 0.00^a	0.93 ± 0.01^a	0.17 ± 0.01^d
Cd 污染	-	雄株 Male	0.78 ± 0.00^bc	0.70 ± 0.01^a	0.93 ± 0.01^a	0.21 ± 0.01^cd
Cd pollution	-	雌株 Female	0.69 ± 0.01^e	0.60 ± 0.02^b	0.83 ± 0.01^b	0.33 ± 0.01^a
	+	雄株 Male	0.76 ± 0.00^cd	0.70 ± 0.01^a	0.92 ± 0.01^a	0.26 ± 0.01^b
	+	雌株 Female	0.76 ± 0.01^d	0.70 ± 0.02^a	0.93 ± 0.02^a	0.26 ± 0.01^b
F_s			***	**	**	ns
F_cd			***	***	***	***
F_AMF			***	**	ns	ns
F_s×cd			***	***	**	***
F_s×AMF			***	*	**	***
F_cd×AMF			ns	*	***	ns
F_s×cd×AMF			***	**	***	ns