Response mechanisms of growth and rhizosphere soil properties in salt-tolerant and salt-sensitive peanut (Arachis hypogaea) to arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi

doi:10.17521/cjpe.2025.0260

Abstract

Abstract:

Aims Saline alkali land is an important reality and potential agricultural resource to solve the shortage of arable land in China. Efficient utilization of saline alkali land resources to develop peanut (Arachis hypogaea) planting in such environments and achieve high and stable yield has become an urgent demand for ensuring peanut production. Under saline alkali stress habitat, arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) can effectively develop potential productivity of host plants and improve their salt resistance and tolerance. Although it has been demonstrated that AMF enhanced peanut salt tolerance under salt stress, however, there have been limited reports on the effects of AMF on the growth and development of salt-tolerant and salt-sensitive peanut.

Methods This study was investigated the response mechanisms of peanut growth and rhizosphere soil environment to AMF under saline-alkali conditions, aiming to provide theoretical basis and technical support for AMF application in peanut production in saline alkali soils. The experiment used salt-tolerant cultivar ‘HY25’ and salt-sensitive cultivar ‘HY22’ as experimental materials, with AMF seed coating treatment applied under saline alkali and normal soil conditions.

Important findings Under two soil conditions, salt-tolerant and salt-sensitive peanut cultivars demonstrated differential response mechanisms to AMF inoculation. Under both soil environments, AMF improved the agronomic characteristics in ‘HY25’, optimized photosynthetic parameters, and significantly increased pod yield. While AMF exhibited partial inhibitory effects on agronomic traits in ‘HY22’ in normal soil, it notably improved leaf photosynthetic performance and elevated both pod yield and quality. Significant differences were found in the response of root growth of two cultivars to AMF including: 1) In normal soil, the promoting effect of AMF on the growth of ‘HY25’ root system initiated during the flowering-pegging stage and continued to until maturation stage. Under saline-alkaline soil, AMF significantly increased total root length, root surface area, and root volume in ‘HY25’ at pod-setting stage. 2) Salt-sensitive cultivar ‘HY22’ exhibited greater sensitive to AMF inoculation. Under both normal and saline-alkali soils, AMF demonstrated inhibitory effects on root growth in ‘HY22’ during flowering-pegging and/or pod-setting stages, with significantly stronger inhibition observed under saline-alkali soil than normal soil. Moreover, AMF effects on rhizosphere soil properties included: 1) significant elevation in available phosphorus contents in both cultivars under two soil conditions; 2) increased soil catalase, phosphatase, and invertase activities in both cultivars in saline alkali soil; whereas 3) significant inhibition of soil enzymatic activities in ‘HY22’ under normal soil. These results indicated that compared to salt-sensitive cultivar, salt-tolerant cultivar might serve as more efficient symbiotic partner for AMF. AMF might demonstrate superior growth promotion in salt-tolerant cultivar, effectively exerting the synergistic effect of microbial regulation under saline-alkali soil.

Key words: arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, root development, photosynthesis, soil enzyme activity, soil nutrients

QIN Fei-Fei, TANG Zhao-Hui, SI Tong, CI Dun-Wei. Response mechanisms of growth and rhizosphere soil properties in salt-tolerant and salt-sensitive peanut (Arachis hypogaea) to arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi[J]. Chin J Plant Ecol, 2026, 50(3): 742-759.

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Figures/Tables 13

References 62

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	有机质含量 Organic matters content (g·kg^-1)	碱解氮含量 Hydrolyzable nitrogen content (mg·kg^-1)	速效磷(P₂O₅)含量 Available phosphorus content (mg·kg^-1)	速效钾(K₂O)含量 Available potassium content (mg·kg^-1)	交换性钙含量 Exchangeable calcium content (g·kg^-1)	盐含量 Soil salt content (g·kg^-1)	pH
莱西非盐碱地 Laixi normal soil	16.7	89.3	49.6	93.6	2.36	0.8	6.7
广饶盐碱地 Guangrao saline alkali soil	6.6	39.5	24.2	123.0	7.52	2.6	8.8

	有机质含量 Organic matters content (g·kg^-1)	碱解氮含量 Hydrolyzable nitrogen content (mg·kg^-1)	速效磷(P₂O₅)含量 Available phosphorus content (mg·kg^-1)	速效钾(K₂O)含量 Available potassium content (mg·kg^-1)	交换性钙含量 Exchangeable calcium content (g·kg^-1)	盐含量 Soil salt content (g·kg^-1)	pH
莱西非盐碱地 Laixi normal soil	16.7	89.3	49.6	93.6	2.36	0.8	6.7
广饶盐碱地 Guangrao saline alkali soil	6.6	39.5	24.2	123.0	7.52	2.6	8.8

土壤 Soil (A)	品种 Cultivar (B)	处理 Treatment (C)	主茎高 Stem height (cm)	侧枝长 Lateral branch length (cm)	一次分枝数 Primary branches number	二次分枝数 Secondary branches number	主茎叶数 Stem leaf number	第一侧枝基部10 cm节数 Nodes number of the 10 cm base of lateral branches
非盐碱地 Normal soil	‘HY25’	CK	31.5 ± 3.2	32.8 ± 2.9	5.2 ± 0.5	3.7 ± 0.1	14.3 ± 0.1	4.7 ± 0.1
		AMF	27.7 ± 2.3^*	24.1 ± 2.2^**	5.2 ± 0.3^ns	4.3 ± 0.3^*	14.2 ± 0.1^ns	6.0 ± 0.2^**
	‘HY22’	CK	47.9 ± 1.9	47.5 ± 2.0	4.7 ± 0.1	3.5 ± 0.0	18.3 ± 1.0	6.0 ± 0.1
		AMF	35.5 ± 1.4^**	39.3 ± 1.7^**	5.2 ± 0.3^*	3.8 ± 0.1^ns	15.8 ± 0.7^**	6.5 ± 0.1^*
盐碱地 Saline alkali soil	‘HY25’	CK	21.3 ± 2.1	24.3 ± 1.1	4.5 ± 0.1	3.5 ± 0.3	12.7 ± 0.3	5.7 ± 0.1
		AMF	32.9 ± 3.2^**	39.2 ± 1.5^**	5.2 ± 0.2^*	4.2 ± 0.1^*	14.8 ± 1.0^**	6.3 ± 0.1^*
	‘HY22’	CK	34.0 ± 1.8	37.6 ± 0.8	5.5 ± 0.1	4.0 ± 0.1	16.0 ± 0.6	6.3 ± 0.1
		AMF	30.7 ± 2.9^*	36.3 ± 1.2^ns	5.5 ± 0.1^ns	4.7 ± 0.0^*	15.2 ± 0.9^*	7.0 ± 0.0^*
A			**	ns	ns	ns	*	*
B			**	**	ns	ns	**	**
C			ns	ns	ns	ns	ns	**
A × B			**	**	*	ns	ns	ns
A × C			**	**	ns	ns	*	ns
B × C			**	**	ns	ns	**	ns
A × B × C			ns	**	ns	ns	ns	ns

土壤 Soil (A)	品种 Cultivar (B)	处理 Treatment (C)	主茎高 Stem height (cm)	侧枝长 Lateral branch length (cm)	一次分枝数 Primary branches number	二次分枝数 Secondary branches number	主茎叶数 Stem leaf number	第一侧枝基部10 cm节数 Nodes number of the 10 cm base of lateral branches
非盐碱地 Normal soil	‘HY25’	CK	31.5 ± 3.2	32.8 ± 2.9	5.2 ± 0.5	3.7 ± 0.1	14.3 ± 0.1	4.7 ± 0.1
		AMF	27.7 ± 2.3^*	24.1 ± 2.2^**	5.2 ± 0.3^ns	4.3 ± 0.3^*	14.2 ± 0.1^ns	6.0 ± 0.2^**
	‘HY22’	CK	47.9 ± 1.9	47.5 ± 2.0	4.7 ± 0.1	3.5 ± 0.0	18.3 ± 1.0	6.0 ± 0.1
		AMF	35.5 ± 1.4^**	39.3 ± 1.7^**	5.2 ± 0.3^*	3.8 ± 0.1^ns	15.8 ± 0.7^**	6.5 ± 0.1^*
盐碱地 Saline alkali soil	‘HY25’	CK	21.3 ± 2.1	24.3 ± 1.1	4.5 ± 0.1	3.5 ± 0.3	12.7 ± 0.3	5.7 ± 0.1
		AMF	32.9 ± 3.2^**	39.2 ± 1.5^**	5.2 ± 0.2^*	4.2 ± 0.1^*	14.8 ± 1.0^**	6.3 ± 0.1^*
	‘HY22’	CK	34.0 ± 1.8	37.6 ± 0.8	5.5 ± 0.1	4.0 ± 0.1	16.0 ± 0.6	6.3 ± 0.1
		AMF	30.7 ± 2.9^*	36.3 ± 1.2^ns	5.5 ± 0.1^ns	4.7 ± 0.0^*	15.2 ± 0.9^*	7.0 ± 0.0^*
A			**	ns	ns	ns	*	*
B			**	**	ns	ns	**	**
C			ns	ns	ns	ns	ns	**
A × B			**	**	*	ns	ns	ns
A × C			**	**	ns	ns	*	ns
B × C			**	**	ns	ns	**	ns
A × B × C			ns	**	ns	ns	ns	ns

土壤 Soil (A)	品种 Cultivar (B)	处理 Treatment (C)	净光合速率 Net photosynthetic rate (μmol·m^-2·s^-1)	气孔导度 Stomatal conductance (mol·m^-2·s^-1)	细胞间CO₂浓度 Intercellular CO₂ concentration (μl·L^-1)	蒸腾速率 Transpiration rate (mmol·m^-2·s^-1)
非盐碱地 Normal soil	‘HY25’	CK	19.1 ± 1.6	694.3 ± 56.9	318.7 ± 5.2	2.3 ± 0.1
		AMF	21.5 ± 0.3^*	735.0 ± 34.9^*	298.2 ± 3.2^ns	3.2 ± 0.1^**
	‘HY22’	CK	22.5 ± 1.3	1 203.2 ± 25.8	320.5 ± 4.8	3.9 ± 0.0
		AMF	23.3 ± 1.3^ns	2 001.7 ± 78.4^**	310.2 ± 4.5^ns	5.2 ± 0.0^**
盐碱地 Saline alkali soil	‘HY25’	CK	16.2 ± 0.7	223.8 ± 33.9	240.5 ± 21.3	1.1 ± 0.1
		AMF	18.8 ± 0.6^*	470.3 ± 30.3^**	292.6 ± 7.6^*	2.4 ± 0.1^**
	‘HY22’	CK	20.6 ± 1.9	1 179.7 ± 23.5	326.5 ± 6.0	3.8 ± 0.1
		AMF	24.5 ± 1.0^*	1 355.3 ± 53.6^*	307.8 ± 6.0^ns	4.8 ± 0.3^*
A			*	**	**	**
B			**	**	**	**
C			**	**	ns	**
A × B			ns	ns	**	**
A × C			ns	*	*	ns
B × C			ns	**	*	ns
A × B × C			ns	**	**	ns