Seasonal effects of typical canopy tree species on ant community dynamics in mid-subtropical evergreen broadleaf forests

doi:10.17521/cjpe.2024.0421

Abstract

Abstract:

Aims Ants play an important role in material cycling and energy flow in subtropical forest ecosystems. However, there remains a knowledge gap regarding how different canopy tree species regulate ant community structure by altering the seasonal patterns of understory microclimate, soil surface conditions, and litter properties.

Methods From July 2023 to March 2024, we conducted an in situ pitfall trap survey in a common garden at the Fujian Sanming Forest Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station. We examined the seasonal dynamics of ant community structure, taxonomic and functional groups, and diversity under six representative canopy tree species in a mid-subtropical evergreen broadleaf forest.

Important findings A total of 30 389 ants were collected, belonging to 19 genera and 30 species. The dominant species were Pheidole nodus and Crematogaster rogenhoferi. Ant diversity was higher in summer and autumn and lower in winter and spring. Tree species significantly influenced ant abundance, with the following order: Liquidambar formosana> Castanopsis carlesii> Sapindus saponaria > Cunninghamia lanceolata > Michelia macclurei > Pinus massoniana. Sampling season and its interaction with tree species also significantly affected the structure of ant functional groups. For example, the abundance of generalized Myrmicinae was significantly higher under Cunninghamia lanceolata in summer, while climate specialists were relatively more abundant under Castanopsis carlesii in spring and less abundant under Pinus massoniana. Canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) revealed that soil temperature, soil organic matter content, aboveground biomass, and litter production together explained over 50% of the variation in ant community structure. These findings provide foundational data for understanding the structural and functional relationships between tree species and ants, and potentially other similar soil fauna, in central subtropical forest ecosystems.

Key words: forest, biodiversity, ant, functional groups, understorey environment, subtropical forest

QIU Dan-Ni, PENG Qing-Qing, ZHANG Hui-Ling, WEN Hui-Hui, WU Fu-Zhong. Seasonal effects of typical canopy tree species on ant community dynamics in mid-subtropical evergreen broadleaf forests[J]. Chin J Plant Ecol, 2025, 49(11): 1805-1816.

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URL: https://www.plant-ecology.com/EN/10.17521/cjpe.2024.0421

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Figures/Tables 11

References 36

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基本特征 Stand characteristics		米槠 Castanopsis carlesii	马尾松 Pinus massoniana	杉木 Cunninghamia lanceolata	醉香含笑 Michelia macclurei	枫香树 Liquidambar formosana	无患子 Sapindus saponaria
林下植被覆盖度 Understory vegetation coverage (%)		60	67	83	11	70	93
平均树高 Average tree height (m)		7.20	6.29	16.81	6.13	8.69	7.09
平均胸径 Average diameter at breast height (cm)		11.82	9.71	11.33	8.40	9.44	8.33
凋落物元素含量 Litter element content (g·kg^-1)	碳 Carbon	459.48	480.10	463.59	467.77	452.89	452.10
	氮 Nitrogen	12.23	10.80	9.38	10.90	9.62	12.77
	磷 Phosphorus	0.59	0.69	0.67	0.97	0.90	0.99
土壤元素含量 Soil element content¹⁾	碳 Carbon (%)	2.14	1.45	1.50	1.30	1.51	1.54
	氮 Nitrogen (g·kg^-1)	1.59	1.22	1.19	1.21	1.22	1.43
	磷 Phosphorus (g·kg^-1)	0.28	0.24	0.24	0.23	0.23	0.26

基本特征 Stand characteristics		米槠 Castanopsis carlesii	马尾松 Pinus massoniana	杉木 Cunninghamia lanceolata	醉香含笑 Michelia macclurei	枫香树 Liquidambar formosana	无患子 Sapindus saponaria
林下植被覆盖度 Understory vegetation coverage (%)		60	67	83	11	70	93
平均树高 Average tree height (m)		7.20	6.29	16.81	6.13	8.69	7.09
平均胸径 Average diameter at breast height (cm)		11.82	9.71	11.33	8.40	9.44	8.33
凋落物元素含量 Litter element content (g·kg^-1)	碳 Carbon	459.48	480.10	463.59	467.77	452.89	452.10
	氮 Nitrogen	12.23	10.80	9.38	10.90	9.62	12.77
	磷 Phosphorus	0.59	0.69	0.67	0.97	0.90	0.99
土壤元素含量 Soil element content¹⁾	碳 Carbon (%)	2.14	1.45	1.50	1.30	1.51	1.54
	氮 Nitrogen (g·kg^-1)	1.59	1.22	1.19	1.21	1.22	1.43
	磷 Phosphorus (g·kg^-1)	0.28	0.24	0.24	0.23	0.23	0.26

土壤pH和温度 Soil pH and temperature		米槠 Castanopsis carlesii	马尾松 Pinus massoniana	杉木 Cunninghamia lanceolata	醉香含笑 Michelia macclurei	枫香树 Liquidambar formosana	无患子 Sapindus saponaria
土壤pH Soil pH	夏 Summer	5.27 ± 0.06^a	5.13 ± 0.11^ab	4.93 ± 0.10^b	4.99 ± 0.13^ab	5.08 ± 0.09^ab	5.13 ± 0.11^ab
	秋 Autumn	5.76 ± 0.20^a	5.46 ± 0.26^a	5.24 ± 0.13^a	5.30 ± 0.12^a	5.26 ± 0.12^a	5.53 ± 0.16^a
	冬 Winter	6.33 ± 0.12^a	5.61 ± 0.17^b	5.53 ± 0.14^b	5.91 ± 0.11^c	0.51 ± 0.03^bc	0.45 ± 0.10^b
	春 Spring	5.25 ± 0.08^a	4.96 ± 0.07^b	5.00 ± 0.11^b	4.91 ± 0.08^b	4.88 ± 0.12^b	5.03 ± 0.12^b
土壤温度 Soil temperature (℃)	夏 Summer	27.40 ± 0.18^ab	27.43 ± 0.12^ab	27.87 ± 0.22^b	27.67 ± 0.22^ab	27.73 ± 0.12^b	27.07 ± 0.15^a
	秋 Autumn	28.03 ± 0.32^a	25.30 ± 0.43^bc	24.60 ± 0.29^c	25.43 ± 0.21^bc	26.67 ± 0.19^ab	26.33 ± 0.22^abc
	冬 Winter	13.93 ± 0.19^b	16.90 ± 0.20^a	14.83 ± 0.46^ab	15.47 ± 0.37^ab	14.43 ± 0.19^b	14.23 ± 0.34^b
	春 Spring	19.53 ± 0.16^a	20.13 ± 0.31^a	17.73 ± 0.27^a	19.40 ± 0.31^a	19.47 ± 0.24^a	19.60 ± 0.13^a

土壤pH和温度 Soil pH and temperature		米槠 Castanopsis carlesii	马尾松 Pinus massoniana	杉木 Cunninghamia lanceolata	醉香含笑 Michelia macclurei	枫香树 Liquidambar formosana	无患子 Sapindus saponaria
土壤pH Soil pH	夏 Summer	5.27 ± 0.06^a	5.13 ± 0.11^ab	4.93 ± 0.10^b	4.99 ± 0.13^ab	5.08 ± 0.09^ab	5.13 ± 0.11^ab
	秋 Autumn	5.76 ± 0.20^a	5.46 ± 0.26^a	5.24 ± 0.13^a	5.30 ± 0.12^a	5.26 ± 0.12^a	5.53 ± 0.16^a
	冬 Winter	6.33 ± 0.12^a	5.61 ± 0.17^b	5.53 ± 0.14^b	5.91 ± 0.11^c	0.51 ± 0.03^bc	0.45 ± 0.10^b
	春 Spring	5.25 ± 0.08^a	4.96 ± 0.07^b	5.00 ± 0.11^b	4.91 ± 0.08^b	4.88 ± 0.12^b	5.03 ± 0.12^b
土壤温度 Soil temperature (℃)	夏 Summer	27.40 ± 0.18^ab	27.43 ± 0.12^ab	27.87 ± 0.22^b	27.67 ± 0.22^ab	27.73 ± 0.12^b	27.07 ± 0.15^a
	秋 Autumn	28.03 ± 0.32^a	25.30 ± 0.43^bc	24.60 ± 0.29^c	25.43 ± 0.21^bc	26.67 ± 0.19^ab	26.33 ± 0.22^abc
	冬 Winter	13.93 ± 0.19^b	16.90 ± 0.20^a	14.83 ± 0.46^ab	15.47 ± 0.37^ab	14.43 ± 0.19^b	14.23 ± 0.34^b
	春 Spring	19.53 ± 0.16^a	20.13 ± 0.31^a	17.73 ± 0.27^a	19.40 ± 0.31^a	19.47 ± 0.24^a	19.60 ± 0.13^a

分层 Layer	多样性指数 Diversity indices	季节 Season	米槠 Castanopsis carlesii	马尾松 Pinus massoniana	杉木 Cunninghamia lanceolata	醉香含笑 Michelia macclurei	枫香树 Liquidambar formosana	无患子 Sapindus saponaria
树冠层 Canopy	A	夏 Summer	0.40 ± 0.15^a	0.73 ± 0.18^a	0.31 ± 0.17^a	0.37 ± 0.17^a	0.60 ± 0.15^a	0.22 ± 0.16^a
		秋 Autumn	0.63 ± 0.09^a	0.45 ± 0.19^a	0.42 ± 0.17^a	0.15 ± 0.15^a	0.77 ± 0.22^a	0.60 ± 0.23^a
		冬 Winter	0.51 ± 0.22^a	0.21 ± 0.18^a	0.23 ± 0.19^a	0.23 ± 0.19^a	0.22 ± 0.14^a	0.27 ± 0.21^a
		春 Spring	0.06 ± 0.07^b	0.19 ± 0.17^ab	0.56 ± 0.13^a	0.20 ± 0.18^ab	0.16 ± 0.12^ab	0.45 ± 0.19^ab
	B	夏 Summer	0.37 ± 0.14^a	0.67 ± 0.18^a	0.41 ± 0.21^a	0.41 ± 0.20^a	0.46 ± 0.14^a	0.16 ± 0.13^a
		秋 Autumn	0.55 ± 0.13^a	0.48 ± 0.21^a	0.44 ± 0.20^a	0.14 ± 0.15^a	0.55 ± 0.19^a	0.39 ± 0.18^a
		冬 Winter	0.34 ± 0.18^a	0.31 ± 0.22^a	0.33 ± 0.23^a	0.33 ± 0.23^a	0.28 ± 0.16^a	0.25 ± 0.20^a
		春 Spring	0.09 ± 0.08^b	0.18 ± 0.17^ab	0.74 ± 0.18^a	0.18 ± 0.17^ab	0.18 ± 0.12^ab	0.64 ± 0.23^ab
	C	夏 Summer	0.78 ± 0.12^a	0.56 ± 0.15^a	0.80 ± 0.15^a	0.77 ± 0.14^a	0.62 ± 0.14^a	0.90 ± 0.11^a
		秋 Autumn	0.64 ± 0.04^a	0.73 ± 0.15^a	0.76 ± 0.14^a	0.59 ± 0.22^a	0.56 ± 0.17^a	0.71 ± 0.17^a
		冬 Winter	0.75 ± 0.16^ab	0.52 ± 0.21^ab	0.17 ± 0.16^b	0.50 ± 0.21^ab	0.88 ± 0.11^a	0.51 ± 0.21^ab
		春 Spring	0.64 ± 0.22^a	0.56 ± 0.22^a	0.64 ± 0.13^a	0.90 ± 0.13^a	0.93 ± 0.08^a	0.68 ± 0.16^a
	D	夏 Summer	0.40 ± 0.04^a	0.40 ± 0.07^a	0.27 ± 0.13^a	0.26 ± 0.16^a	0.54 ± 0.12^a	0.36 ± 0.18^a
		秋 Autumn	0.63 ± 0.17^abc	0.33 ± 0.19^bc	0.77 ± 0.18^ab	0.12 ± 0.14^c	0.62 ± 0.10^abc	0.96 ± 0.21^a
		冬 Winter	0.70 ± 0.24^a	0.30 ± 0.22^a	0.48 ± 0.27^a	0.48 ± 0.27^a	0.36 ± 0.17^a	0.18 ± 0.17^a
		春 Spring	0.15 ± 0.11^a	0.12 ± 0.14^a	0.43 ± 0.11^a	0.18 ± 0.17^a	0.25 ± 0.16^a	0.56 ± 0.26^a
地表层 Ground	A	夏 Summer	0.83 ± 0.18^a	0.89 ± 0.17^a	0.35 ± 0.07^b	0.94 ± 0.15^a	0.88 ± 0.16^a	0.67 ± 0.09^ab
		秋 Autumn	0.78 ± 0.10^ab	0.74 ± 0.21^ab	0.56 ± 0.17^b	0.60 ± 0.10^b	0.83 ± 0.12^ab	1.09 ± 0.13^a
		冬 Winter	0.35 ± 0.17^a	0.49 ± 0.26^a	0.85 ± 0.15^a	0.96 ± 0.20^a	0.71 ± 0.19^a	0.43 ± 0.22^a
		春 Spring	0.22 ± 0.13^a	0.82 ± 0.26^a	0.63 ± 0.20^a	0.71 ± 0.17^a	0.92 ± 0.18^a	0.91 ± 0.19^a
	B	夏 Summer	0.43 ± 0.13^ab	0.48 ± 0.13^ab	0.22 ± 0.08^b	0.60 ± 0.15^a	0.43 ± 0.11^ab	0.39 ± 0.07^ab
		秋 Autumn	0.48 ± 0.94^a	0.56 ± 0.19^a	0.36 ± 0.10^a	0.34 ± 0.09^a	0.41 ± 0.07^a	0.55 ± 0.11^a
		冬 Winter	0.20 ± 0.13^a	0.28 ± 0.19^a	0.68 ± 0.15^a	0.60 ± 0.17^a	0.40 ± 0.12^a	0.29 ± 0.17^a
		春 Spring	0.17 ± 0.12^a	0.52 ± 0.20^a	0.48 ± 0.19^a	0.42 ± 0.11^a	0.51 ± 0.11^a	0.54 ± 0.11^a
	C	夏 Summer	0.62 ± 0.13^ab	0.54 ± 0.12^b	0.84 ± 0.07^a	0.49 ± 0.14^b	0.57 ± 0.12^b	0.68 ± 0.05^ab
		秋 Autumn	0.59 ± 0.10^a	0.61 ± 0.16^a	0.74 ± 0.11^a	0.74 ± 0.08^a	0.54 ± 0.10^a	0.47 ± 0.09^a
		冬 Winter	0.84 ± 0.10^a	0.77 ± 0.18^a	0.53 ± 0.12^a	0.51 ± 0.16^a	0.66 ± 0.14^a	0.44 ± 0.20^a
		春 Spring	0.56 ± 0.21^a	0.57 ± 0.18^a	0.64 ± 0.16^a	0.62 ± 0.13^a	0.51 ± 0.12^a	0.49 ± 0.12^a
	D	夏 Summer	0.93 ± 0.06^ab	1.09 ± 0.06^a	0.68 ± 0.14^b	0.75 ± 0.11^b	1.17 ± 0.13^a	0.74 ± 0.14^b
		秋 Autumn	0.93 ± 0.07^ab	1.04 ± 0.18^ab	0.76 ± 0.16^b	1.03 ± 0.09^ab	1.07 ± 0.16^ab	1.23 ± 0.13^a
		冬 Winter	0.66 ± 0.24^a	0.75 ± 0.28^a	0.73 ± 0.09^a	1.02 ± 0.16^a	0.89 ± 0.16^a	0.44 ± 0.19^a
		春 Spring	0.31 ± 0.16^a	0.62 ± 0.23^a	0.84 ± 0.13^a	0.81 ± 0.14^a	0.84 ± 0.17^a	0.79 ± 0.19^a