Root resource-acquisition strategies of Ziziphus jujuba in different habitats in typical areas of Taihang Mountains

doi:10.17521/cjpe.2025.0107

Abstract

Abstract:

Aims Ziziphus jujuba is a typical xerophytic shrub. Clarifying the variation of its root functional traits and the relationships between root traits and soil properties can enhance the understanding of plant resource-acquisition strategies and provide a scientific basis for the sustainable management of Z. jujuba shrub.

Methods This study selected 24 Z. jujuba populations in different habitats in the Lincheng County, Xingtai City, which is the genuine medicinal material producing area of Ziziphi Spinosae Semen, as the research objects. The morphological, architectural, and chemical traits of Z. jujuba roots and soil properties were measured and analyzed to clarify the root economics space of Z. jujuba and the relationships between root traits and environmental factors.

Important findings (1) The variation in the architectural traits (i.e., branching ratio and branching intensity) of Z. jujuba was significantly higher than that in morphological (i.e., root diameter and specific root length) and chemical (i.e., root nitrogen and carbon content) traits. At the intraspecific level, there was a two-dimensional root economics space for the root functional traits of Z. jujuba. The first dimension was dominated by the trade-off between specific root length/ specific root area and root diameter/ tissue density, representing the transition of root resource-acquisition strategy from autonomous foraging (i.e., developing higher specific root length and specific root area) to mycorrhizal cooperation. The second dimension was composed of negatively correlated root tissue density/diameter and root nitrogen/carbon content, representing the trade-off dimension between root defense and resource acquisition. (2) Soil environments affected the resource acquisition of Z. jujuba roots. In soil with higher total phosphorus, total potassium or sand content and lower pH, water content or organic carbon content, Z. jujuba roots tended to adopt an autonomous foraging strategy. On the contrary, Z. jujuba roots tended to adopt a mycorrhizal cooperative strategy for resource acquisition. (3) Redundancy analysis showed that soil water content (9.29%), total phosphorus content (6.12%), silt content (3.87%), and clay content (2.96%) were the main environmental factors affecting the variation of Z. jujuba root traits. Specific root length and specific root area of Z. jujuba were increased to acquire resource under dry conditions, and root diameter was increased to enhance its adaptability in low-phosphorus environments. There was a balance between resource acquisition and survival defense of Z. jujuba through the synergistic adjustment of root traits. And its resource strategy was driven by both environmental heterogeneity and long-term evolutionary selection.

Key words: root, functional trait, root economics space, soil property

WANG Shuang, CHEN Ya-Xuan, CHEN Yan-Mei, WANG Jia-Le, LIU Qian-Yuan. Root resource-acquisition strategies of Ziziphus jujuba in different habitats in typical areas of Taihang Mountains[J]. Chin J Plant Ecol, 2026, 50(2): 374-387.

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Figures/Tables 9

References 71

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采样点 Sampling site	简称 Abbreviation	海拔 Altitude (m)	经纬度 Latitude and longitude	株高(平均值±标准误) Plant height (mean ± SE) (cm)	地径(平均值±标准误) Ground diameter (mean ± SE) (cm)
北孟村 Beimeng Village	BM	62	114.58° E, 37.46° N	198.75 ± 0.24	1.20 ± 0.12
北高村 Beigao Village	BG	65	114.57° E, 37.53° N	188.75 ± 0.28	1.98 ± 0.37
东楼线村 Donglouxian Village	DL	96	114.48° E, 37.42° N	223.75 ± 0.39	3.38 ± 0.63
崆山村 Kongshan Village	KS	98	114.45° E, 37.47° N	446.00 ± 0.18	5.58 ± 1.88
丰乐村 Fengle Village	FL	99	114.56° E, 37.41° N	270.25 ± 0.13	3.88 ± 0.05
李家韩村 Lijiahan Village	LJ	108	114.54° E, 37.53° N	262.50 ± 0.13	2.68 ± 0.25
彭家泉村 Pengjiaquan Village	PJ	110	114.41° E, 37.45° N	162.50 ± 0.18	1.75 ± 0.14
岗头村 Gangtou Village	GT	111	114.46° E, 37.46° N	337.50 ± 0.63	2.88 ± 0.77
东竖村 Dongshu Village	DS	122	114.42° E, 37.47° N	307.50 ± 0.49	4.68 ± 1.02
柏畅村 Bochang Village	BC	123	114.43° E, 37.43° N	172.50 ± 0.26	1.75 ± 0.14
赵家崇村 Zhaojiachong Village	ZJ	132	114.43° E, 37.41° N	265.25 ± 0.06	3.18 ± 1.36
乱木村 Luanmu Village	LM	135	114.41° E, 37.44° N	207.75 ± 0.21	2.55 ± 0.16
绿蕾村 Lülei Village	LL	138	114.50° E, 37.49° N	336.25 ± 0.41	6.72 ± 0.73
南三岐村 Nansanqi Village	NS	155	114.39° E, 37.42° N	192.75 ± 0.19	2.50 ± 0.61
王家辉村 Wangjiahui Village	WJ	165	114.38° E, 37.40° N	170.00 ± 0.14	2.15 ± 0.30
南灰村 Nanhui Village	NH	176	114.33° E, 37.46° N	153.50 ± 0.18	1.90 ± 0.16
水峪村 Shuiyu Village	SY	187	114.35° E, 37.51° N	370.00 ± 0.54	6.40 ± 0.68
上炉子村 Shangluzi Village	SL	196	114.32° E, 37.42° N	297.50 ± 0.49	6.93 ± 0.21
石城村 Shicheng Village	SC	206	114.33° E, 37.40° N	377.50 ± 1.48	2.08 ± 0.43
闫家村 Yanjia Village	YJ	207	114.43° E, 37.53° N	219.00 ± 0.37	3.23 ± 0.50
北沟村 Beigou Village	BO	228	114.39° E, 37.51° N	210.00 ± 0.15	3.78 ± 0.27
郝庄村 Haozhuang Village	HZ	236	114.25° E, 37.47° N	150.00 ± 0.13	1.68 ± 0.11
青羊头村 Qingyangtou Village	QY	258	114.27° E, 37.43° N	224.75 ± 0.22	2.80 ± 0.43
寨沟村 Zhaigou Village	ZG	528	114.16° E, 37.46° N	122.50 ± 0.26	1.65 ± 0.53

采样点 Sampling site	简称 Abbreviation	海拔 Altitude (m)	经纬度 Latitude and longitude	株高(平均值±标准误) Plant height (mean ± SE) (cm)	地径(平均值±标准误) Ground diameter (mean ± SE) (cm)
北孟村 Beimeng Village	BM	62	114.58° E, 37.46° N	198.75 ± 0.24	1.20 ± 0.12
北高村 Beigao Village	BG	65	114.57° E, 37.53° N	188.75 ± 0.28	1.98 ± 0.37
东楼线村 Donglouxian Village	DL	96	114.48° E, 37.42° N	223.75 ± 0.39	3.38 ± 0.63
崆山村 Kongshan Village	KS	98	114.45° E, 37.47° N	446.00 ± 0.18	5.58 ± 1.88
丰乐村 Fengle Village	FL	99	114.56° E, 37.41° N	270.25 ± 0.13	3.88 ± 0.05
李家韩村 Lijiahan Village	LJ	108	114.54° E, 37.53° N	262.50 ± 0.13	2.68 ± 0.25
彭家泉村 Pengjiaquan Village	PJ	110	114.41° E, 37.45° N	162.50 ± 0.18	1.75 ± 0.14
岗头村 Gangtou Village	GT	111	114.46° E, 37.46° N	337.50 ± 0.63	2.88 ± 0.77
东竖村 Dongshu Village	DS	122	114.42° E, 37.47° N	307.50 ± 0.49	4.68 ± 1.02
柏畅村 Bochang Village	BC	123	114.43° E, 37.43° N	172.50 ± 0.26	1.75 ± 0.14
赵家崇村 Zhaojiachong Village	ZJ	132	114.43° E, 37.41° N	265.25 ± 0.06	3.18 ± 1.36
乱木村 Luanmu Village	LM	135	114.41° E, 37.44° N	207.75 ± 0.21	2.55 ± 0.16
绿蕾村 Lülei Village	LL	138	114.50° E, 37.49° N	336.25 ± 0.41	6.72 ± 0.73
南三岐村 Nansanqi Village	NS	155	114.39° E, 37.42° N	192.75 ± 0.19	2.50 ± 0.61
王家辉村 Wangjiahui Village	WJ	165	114.38° E, 37.40° N	170.00 ± 0.14	2.15 ± 0.30
南灰村 Nanhui Village	NH	176	114.33° E, 37.46° N	153.50 ± 0.18	1.90 ± 0.16
水峪村 Shuiyu Village	SY	187	114.35° E, 37.51° N	370.00 ± 0.54	6.40 ± 0.68
上炉子村 Shangluzi Village	SL	196	114.32° E, 37.42° N	297.50 ± 0.49	6.93 ± 0.21
石城村 Shicheng Village	SC	206	114.33° E, 37.40° N	377.50 ± 1.48	2.08 ± 0.43
闫家村 Yanjia Village	YJ	207	114.43° E, 37.53° N	219.00 ± 0.37	3.23 ± 0.50
北沟村 Beigou Village	BO	228	114.39° E, 37.51° N	210.00 ± 0.15	3.78 ± 0.27
郝庄村 Haozhuang Village	HZ	236	114.25° E, 37.47° N	150.00 ± 0.13	1.68 ± 0.11
青羊头村 Qingyangtou Village	QY	258	114.27° E, 37.43° N	224.75 ± 0.22	2.80 ± 0.43
寨沟村 Zhaigou Village	ZG	528	114.16° E, 37.46° N	122.50 ± 0.26	1.65 ± 0.53

根系性状 Root trait	单位 Unit	样本数量 Sample number	最小值 Min	最大值 Max	平均值 Mean	标准误差 Standard error	变异系数 Coefficient of variation
平均直径 Average diameter	mm	96	0.15	0.26	0.19	0.002 3	0.12
根组织密度 Root tissue density	g•cm^-3	96	0.26	1.43	0.83	0.018 7	0.22
比根长 Specific root length	m•g^-1	96	19.67	74.85	40.34	1.157 6	0.28
比根面积 Specific root area	cm²•g^-1	96	125.14	403.93	229.50	4.838 4	0.21
根分支比 Branching ratio	-	96	0.89	6.45	2.08	0.097 1	0.46
根分支强度 Branching intensity	cm^-1	96	0.72	7.80	2.20	0.113 7	0.51
根氮含量 Root nitrogen content	%	96	0.90	1.57	1.12	0.014 7	0.13
根碳含量 Root carbon content	%	96	34.24	45.29	41.95	0.252 3	0.06

根系性状 Root trait	单位 Unit	样本数量 Sample number	最小值 Min	最大值 Max	平均值 Mean	标准误差 Standard error	变异系数 Coefficient of variation
平均直径 Average diameter	mm	96	0.15	0.26	0.19	0.002 3	0.12
根组织密度 Root tissue density	g•cm^-3	96	0.26	1.43	0.83	0.018 7	0.22
比根长 Specific root length	m•g^-1	96	19.67	74.85	40.34	1.157 6	0.28
比根面积 Specific root area	cm²•g^-1	96	125.14	403.93	229.50	4.838 4	0.21
根分支比 Branching ratio	-	96	0.89	6.45	2.08	0.097 1	0.46
根分支强度 Branching intensity	cm^-1	96	0.72	7.80	2.20	0.113 7	0.51
根氮含量 Root nitrogen content	%	96	0.90	1.57	1.12	0.014 7	0.13
根碳含量 Root carbon content	%	96	34.24	45.29	41.95	0.252 3	0.06

土壤 Soil	单位 Unit	数量 Number	最小值 Min	最大值 Max	平均值 Mean	标准误差 Standard error	变异系数 Coefficient of variation
pH	-	96	5.51	9.00	8.13	0.064 0	0.08
土壤含水量 Soil water content	%	96	4.20	25.40	15.99	0.559 6	0.34
土壤有机碳含量 Soil organic carbon content	g•kg^-1	96	3.24	20.37	10.59	0.466 7	0.43
土壤全氮含量 Soil total nitrogen content	g•kg^-1	96	0.41	2.04	1.06	0.039 8	0.37
土壤全磷含量 Soil total phosphorus content	g•kg^-1	96	0.03	3.15	0.47	0.057 5	1.01
土壤全钾含量 Soil total potassium content	g•kg^-1	96	12.20	38.24	22.78	0.475 0	0.20
土壤粉粒含量 Soil silt content	%	96	10.56	79.65	52.52	2.244 8	0.12
土壤砂粒含量 Soil sand content	%	96	8.58	89.33	39.39	2.720 9	0.68
土壤黏粒含量 Soil clay content	%	96	0.06	19.85	8.10	0.535 1	0.65