Chin J Plant Ecol ›› 2013, Vol. 37 ›› Issue (4): 306-316.DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1258.2013.00030
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HE Wei, WU Fu-Zhong, YANG Wan-Qin*(), WU Qi-Qian, HE Min, ZHAO Ye-Yi
Received:
2012-10-22
Accepted:
2013-02-25
Online:
2013-10-22
Published:
2013-04-09
Contact:
YANG Wan-Qin
HE Wei, WU Fu-Zhong, YANG Wan-Qin, WU Qi-Qian, HE Min, ZHAO Ye-Yi. Effect of snow patches on leaf litter mass loss of two shrubs in an alpine forest[J]. Chin J Plant Ecol, 2013, 37(4): 306-316.
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URL: https://www.plant-ecology.com/EN/10.3724/SP.J.1258.2013.00030
物种 Species | C (g·kg-1) | N (g·kg-1) | P (g·kg-1) | C/N | C/P | N/P | 木质素 Lignin (%) | 纤维素 Cellulose (%) | 木质素/ 纤维素 Lignin/ Cellulose | 木质素/氮 Lignin/N |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
华西箭竹 Fargesia nitida | 317.71 ± 16.60a | 9.02 ± 0.12b | 0.94 ± 0.07b | 35.23 ± 1.38a | 339.80 ± 9.11a | 9.66 ± 0.64b | 14.79 ± 0.62b | 12.97 ± 0.48a | 1.14 ± 0.00b | 16.40 ± 0.47a |
康定柳 Salix paraplesia | 371.89 ± 31.55a | 14.33 ± 0.26a | 1.28 ± 0.06a | 25.93 ± 1.74b | 290.72 ± 10.31b | 11.23 ± 0.36a | 21.79 ± 1.02a | 10.60 ± 1.04b | 2.06 ± 1.11a | 15.20 ± 0.44b |
Table 1 Initial quality in leaf litters of Fargesia nitida and Salix paraplesia (mean ± SD, n = 5)
物种 Species | C (g·kg-1) | N (g·kg-1) | P (g·kg-1) | C/N | C/P | N/P | 木质素 Lignin (%) | 纤维素 Cellulose (%) | 木质素/ 纤维素 Lignin/ Cellulose | 木质素/氮 Lignin/N |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
华西箭竹 Fargesia nitida | 317.71 ± 16.60a | 9.02 ± 0.12b | 0.94 ± 0.07b | 35.23 ± 1.38a | 339.80 ± 9.11a | 9.66 ± 0.64b | 14.79 ± 0.62b | 12.97 ± 0.48a | 1.14 ± 0.00b | 16.40 ± 0.47a |
康定柳 Salix paraplesia | 371.89 ± 31.55a | 14.33 ± 0.26a | 1.28 ± 0.06a | 25.93 ± 1.74b | 290.72 ± 10.31b | 11.23 ± 0.36a | 21.79 ± 1.02a | 10.60 ± 1.04b | 2.06 ± 1.11a | 15.20 ± 0.44b |
Fig. 1 Thickness of snow cover under different snow patches in alpine forest of western Sichuan (mean ± SD, n = 5). SP1, thickest snow cover patch; SP2, thicker snow cover patch; SP3, middle thick snow cover patch; SP4, thinner snow cover patch.
土壤冻结 初期 Onset of soil freezing period | 土壤冻 结期 Soil freezing period | 土壤融化期 Soil thawing period | 生长季节初期 Early growth period | 生长季节 后期 Later growth period | 冻融季节 Freeze- thaw season | 生长季节 Growth season | 全年 Whole year | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
厚型雪被斑块 Thickest snow cover patch | 平均温度 AT | 0.38 | -2.00 | -0.14 | 12.33 | 6.10 | -0.75 | 8.77 | 3.60 |
正积温 PAT | 35.35 | – | 1.08 | 1501.94 | 489.21 | 36.43 | 1 991.15 | 2 027.58 | |
负积温 NAT | -19.14 | -139.23 | -7.79 | – | – | -166.16 | – | -166.16 | |
冻融循环次数 FSFC | 48.00 | – | 2.00 | 15.00 | – | 50.00 | 15.00 | 65.00 | |
较厚型雪被斑块 Thicker snow cover patch | 平均温度 AT | -0.49 | -2.40 | 1.00 | 10.80 | 6.74 | -0.86 | 8.48 | 3.39 |
正积温 PAT | 19.19 | 6.70 | 49.97 | 1311.93 | 543.60 | 75.86 | 1 855.52 | 1 931.38 | |
负积温 NAT | -45.31 | -173.65 | -2.82 | – | – | -221.79 | – | -221.79 | |
冻融循环次数 FSFC | 49.00 | 54.00 | 23.00 | 13.00 | – | 126.00 | 13.00 | 139.00 | |
中型雪被斑块 Middle thick snow cover patch | 平均温度 AT | -0.66 | -2.86 | 0.37 | 7.86 | 6.08 | -1.28 | 6.84 | 2.43 |
正积温 PAT | 10.87 | – | 29.64 | 960.82 | 487.88 | 40.50 | 1 448.70 | 1 489.20 | |
负积温 NAT | -45.47 | -199.81 | -12.03 | – | – | -257.31 | – | -257.31 | |
冻融循环次数 FSFC | 41.00 | 5.00 | 18.00 | 13.00 | – | 64.00 | 13.00 | 77.00 | |
薄型雪被斑块 Thinner snow cover patch | 平均温度 AT | -0.61 | -3.53 | 0.32 | 6.90 | 5.43 | -1.56 | 6.06 | 1.92 |
正积温 PAT | 22.73 | 0.61 | 38.22 | 844.17 | 434.61 | 61.56 | 1 278.78 | 1 340.35 | |
负积温 NAT | -55.36 | -246.35 | -22.73 | – | – | -324.44 | – | -324.44 | |
冻融循环次数 FSFC | 38.00 | 22.00 | 34.00 | 1.00 | – | 94.00 | 1.00 | 95.00 | |
无雪被斑块 No snow cover patch | 平均温度 AT | -1.02 | -3.47 | 0.50 | 7.67 | 5.19 | -1.61 | 6.68 | 1.50 |
正积温 PAT | 10.60 | – | 41.56 | 938.53 | 421.46 | 52.16 | 1 359.99 | 1 412.15 | |
负积温 NAT | -64.84 | -241.50 | -17.49 | – | -6.76 | -323.82 | -6.76 | -330.58 | |
冻融循环次数 FSFC | 39.00 | 15.00 | 38.00 | – | 27.00 | 92.00 | 27.00 | 119.00 |
Table 2 Soil average temperature (AT), positive accumulated temperature (PAT), negative accumulated temperature (NAT) and frequency of soil freeze-thaw cycle (FSFC) in each decomposition stage under different snow patches
土壤冻结 初期 Onset of soil freezing period | 土壤冻 结期 Soil freezing period | 土壤融化期 Soil thawing period | 生长季节初期 Early growth period | 生长季节 后期 Later growth period | 冻融季节 Freeze- thaw season | 生长季节 Growth season | 全年 Whole year | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
厚型雪被斑块 Thickest snow cover patch | 平均温度 AT | 0.38 | -2.00 | -0.14 | 12.33 | 6.10 | -0.75 | 8.77 | 3.60 |
正积温 PAT | 35.35 | – | 1.08 | 1501.94 | 489.21 | 36.43 | 1 991.15 | 2 027.58 | |
负积温 NAT | -19.14 | -139.23 | -7.79 | – | – | -166.16 | – | -166.16 | |
冻融循环次数 FSFC | 48.00 | – | 2.00 | 15.00 | – | 50.00 | 15.00 | 65.00 | |
较厚型雪被斑块 Thicker snow cover patch | 平均温度 AT | -0.49 | -2.40 | 1.00 | 10.80 | 6.74 | -0.86 | 8.48 | 3.39 |
正积温 PAT | 19.19 | 6.70 | 49.97 | 1311.93 | 543.60 | 75.86 | 1 855.52 | 1 931.38 | |
负积温 NAT | -45.31 | -173.65 | -2.82 | – | – | -221.79 | – | -221.79 | |
冻融循环次数 FSFC | 49.00 | 54.00 | 23.00 | 13.00 | – | 126.00 | 13.00 | 139.00 | |
中型雪被斑块 Middle thick snow cover patch | 平均温度 AT | -0.66 | -2.86 | 0.37 | 7.86 | 6.08 | -1.28 | 6.84 | 2.43 |
正积温 PAT | 10.87 | – | 29.64 | 960.82 | 487.88 | 40.50 | 1 448.70 | 1 489.20 | |
负积温 NAT | -45.47 | -199.81 | -12.03 | – | – | -257.31 | – | -257.31 | |
冻融循环次数 FSFC | 41.00 | 5.00 | 18.00 | 13.00 | – | 64.00 | 13.00 | 77.00 | |
薄型雪被斑块 Thinner snow cover patch | 平均温度 AT | -0.61 | -3.53 | 0.32 | 6.90 | 5.43 | -1.56 | 6.06 | 1.92 |
正积温 PAT | 22.73 | 0.61 | 38.22 | 844.17 | 434.61 | 61.56 | 1 278.78 | 1 340.35 | |
负积温 NAT | -55.36 | -246.35 | -22.73 | – | – | -324.44 | – | -324.44 | |
冻融循环次数 FSFC | 38.00 | 22.00 | 34.00 | 1.00 | – | 94.00 | 1.00 | 95.00 | |
无雪被斑块 No snow cover patch | 平均温度 AT | -1.02 | -3.47 | 0.50 | 7.67 | 5.19 | -1.61 | 6.68 | 1.50 |
正积温 PAT | 10.60 | – | 41.56 | 938.53 | 421.46 | 52.16 | 1 359.99 | 1 412.15 | |
负积温 NAT | -64.84 | -241.50 | -17.49 | – | -6.76 | -323.82 | -6.76 | -330.58 | |
冻融循环次数 FSFC | 39.00 | 15.00 | 38.00 | – | 27.00 | 92.00 | 27.00 | 119.00 |
Fig. 2 Dynamics of average temperature at daytime (7:00-19:00) and nighttime (19:00-7:00) between surface soil and atmosphere under different snow patches in alpine forest of western Sichuan from 26 October 2010 to 8 November 2011. SP1, thickest snow cover patch; SP2, thicker snow cover patch; SP3, middle thick snow cover patch; SP4, thinner snow cover patch; SP5, no snow cover patch.
Fig. 3 Mass loss rates of Fargesia nitida and Salix paraplesia leaf litter under different snow patches in alpine forest of western Sichuan from 26 October 2010 to 8 November 2011 (mean ± SD, n = 3). Different lowercase letters indicate significant difference (p < 0.05) among different snow patches within the same decomposition stage. SP1, thickest snow cover patch; SP2, thicker snow cover patch; SP3, middle thick snow cover patch; SP4, thinner snow cover patch; SP5, no snow cover patch.
Fig. 4 Contribution rates (%) of Fargesia nitida and Salix paraplesia leaf litter at each decomposition stage to one-year mass lose under different snow patches in alpine forest of western Sichuan. SP1, thickest snow cover patch; SP2, thicker snow cover patch; SP3, middle thick snow cover patch; SP4, thinner snow cover patch; SP5, no snow cover patch. Numbers in brackets indicate the days between corresponding and former sampling date.
物种 Species | 雪被斑块 Snow patches | 23 Dec. 2010 (58) | 3 Mar. 2011 (70) | 19 Apr. 2011 (47) | 19 Aug. 2011 (122) | 8 Nov. 2011 (81) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
华西箭竹 | SP1 | 3.80 ± 0.16b | 3.77 ± 0.37b | 1.67 ± 0.18c | 4.83 ± 0.25a | 3.91 ± 0.18b |
Fargesia nitida | SP2 | 4.24 ± 0.11ab | 2.74 ± 0.47c | 1.88 ± 0.52d | 4.60 ± 0.46a | 3.97 ± 0.41b |
SP3 | 3.63 ± 0.17d | 2.00 ± 0.18c | 1.86 ± 0.34c | 4.62 ± 0.30a | 4.06 ± 0.37b | |
SP4 | 4.69 ± 0.28a | 1.78 ± 0.16c | 1.59 ± 0.36c | 4.83 ± 0.13a | 3.62 ± 0.26b | |
SP5 | 4.20 ± 0.12b | 1.74 ± 0.23d | 1.47 ± 0.20d | 5.38 ± 0.44a | 3.15 ± 0.33c | |
康定柳 | SP1 | 2.86 ± 0.28d | 6.77 ± 0.37a | 1.74 ± 0.40e | 5.11 ± 0.51b | 4.47 ± 0.22c |
Salix paraplesia | SP2 | 2.28 ± 0.26c | 5.93 ± 0.24a | 1.75 ± 0.41d | 5.50 ± 0.33b | 5.71 ± 0.15ab |
SP3 | 2.71 ± 0.14b | 4.78 ± 0.61a | 0.90 ± 0.08c | 4.72 ± 0.12a | 4.89 ± 0.25a | |
SP4 | 2.15 ± 0.22c | 4.40 ± 0.20b | 1.37 ± 0.40d | 5.45 ± 0.26a | 4.37 ± 0.38b | |
SP5 | 2.28 ± 0.16d | 3.67 ± 0.36c | 0.84 ± 0.13e | 5.53 ± 0.25a | 4.47 ± 0.42b |
Table 3 Mass loss rate per 30 days of Fargesia nitida and Salix paraplesia leaf litter under different snow patches in alpine forest of western Sichuan from 26 October 2010 to 8 November 2011 (mean ± SE, n = 3)
物种 Species | 雪被斑块 Snow patches | 23 Dec. 2010 (58) | 3 Mar. 2011 (70) | 19 Apr. 2011 (47) | 19 Aug. 2011 (122) | 8 Nov. 2011 (81) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
华西箭竹 | SP1 | 3.80 ± 0.16b | 3.77 ± 0.37b | 1.67 ± 0.18c | 4.83 ± 0.25a | 3.91 ± 0.18b |
Fargesia nitida | SP2 | 4.24 ± 0.11ab | 2.74 ± 0.47c | 1.88 ± 0.52d | 4.60 ± 0.46a | 3.97 ± 0.41b |
SP3 | 3.63 ± 0.17d | 2.00 ± 0.18c | 1.86 ± 0.34c | 4.62 ± 0.30a | 4.06 ± 0.37b | |
SP4 | 4.69 ± 0.28a | 1.78 ± 0.16c | 1.59 ± 0.36c | 4.83 ± 0.13a | 3.62 ± 0.26b | |
SP5 | 4.20 ± 0.12b | 1.74 ± 0.23d | 1.47 ± 0.20d | 5.38 ± 0.44a | 3.15 ± 0.33c | |
康定柳 | SP1 | 2.86 ± 0.28d | 6.77 ± 0.37a | 1.74 ± 0.40e | 5.11 ± 0.51b | 4.47 ± 0.22c |
Salix paraplesia | SP2 | 2.28 ± 0.26c | 5.93 ± 0.24a | 1.75 ± 0.41d | 5.50 ± 0.33b | 5.71 ± 0.15ab |
SP3 | 2.71 ± 0.14b | 4.78 ± 0.61a | 0.90 ± 0.08c | 4.72 ± 0.12a | 4.89 ± 0.25a | |
SP4 | 2.15 ± 0.22c | 4.40 ± 0.20b | 1.37 ± 0.40d | 5.45 ± 0.26a | 4.37 ± 0.38b | |
SP5 | 2.28 ± 0.16d | 3.67 ± 0.36c | 0.84 ± 0.13e | 5.53 ± 0.25a | 4.47 ± 0.42b |
不同分解阶段失重率 Mass lose rates at different decomposition stages | 土壤平均温度 Soil average temperature | 正积温 Positive accumulated temperature | 负积温 Negative accumulated temperature | 冻融循环次数 Frequency of soil freeze-thaw cycle |
---|---|---|---|---|
土壤冻结初期 Onset of soil freezing period | 0.031 | 0.060 | 0.010 | -0.009 |
土壤冻结期 Soil freezing period | 0.533** | 0.157 | 0.534** | -0.008 |
土壤融化期 Soil thawing period | 0.061 | -0.100 | 0.378* | -0.319 |
生长季节初期 Early growth period | -0.117 | -0.117 | – | -0.431* |
生长季节后期 Later growth period | 0.486** | 0.487** | 0.313 | -0.313 |
冻融季节 Freeze-thaw season | 0.751** | -0.051 | 0.733** | -0.148 |
生长季节 Growth season | 0.151 | 0.133 | 0.027 | 0.029 |
全年 Whole year | 0.589** | 0.582** | 0.547** | -0.023 |
不同分解阶段失重率 Mass lose rates at different decomposition stages | 土壤平均温度 Soil average temperature | 正积温 Positive accumulated temperature | 负积温 Negative accumulated temperature | 冻融循环次数 Frequency of soil freeze-thaw cycle |
---|---|---|---|---|
土壤冻结初期 Onset of soil freezing period | 0.031 | 0.060 | 0.010 | -0.009 |
土壤冻结期 Soil freezing period | 0.533** | 0.157 | 0.534** | -0.008 |
土壤融化期 Soil thawing period | 0.061 | -0.100 | 0.378* | -0.319 |
生长季节初期 Early growth period | -0.117 | -0.117 | – | -0.431* |
生长季节后期 Later growth period | 0.486** | 0.487** | 0.313 | -0.313 |
冻融季节 Freeze-thaw season | 0.751** | -0.051 | 0.733** | -0.148 |
生长季节 Growth season | 0.151 | 0.133 | 0.027 | 0.029 |
全年 Whole year | 0.589** | 0.582** | 0.547** | -0.023 |
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