发展NECT土地覆盖特征数据集的原理、方法和应用

doi:10.17521/cjpe.2005.0024

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

着重探讨了建立中国东北样带 (NortheastChinatransect, NECT) 土地覆盖特征数据集的原理、方法及其在全球变化研究方面的重要应用。NECT土地覆盖特征数据集是以多时相的 1km分辨率的NOAA/AVHRR归一化植被指数NDVI (Normalizeddifferencevegetationindex) 数字影像为基础, 同时采用高程、气候、土壤、植被、土地利用、土地资源、生态区域、行政边界、经济、社会等多源数据作为数据源, 并经过标准化处理 (如数字化、空间插值、几何配准、投影转换 ) 集成而成。在土地覆盖特征数据集的主要应用方面, 如 :1) 利用多时相、1km分辨率的NOAA/AVHRR影像完成了中国东北样带土地覆盖分类图。一级分类系统包括森林、草原、荒漠和沙地、灌丛、农田、混合覆盖类型、城镇和水体等 8类, 二级分类体系包括 12类。经过地面采样进行精度检验, 分类精度达到 81.6 1%。 2 ) 对主要植被类型的植物生长季变化进行的研究。利用多时相的遥感影像构造了能够反映植被年际、季节生长变化的遥感植被指数ND VImax、NDVI变幅xam以及NDVI的标准偏差x′s 等, 分析这 3个参数 1983~ 1999年的 17年中的变化情况。该数据集的建立是研究该样带土地覆盖特征及其变化规律的基础, 对基于样带的全球变化研究有重要的意义。

关键词: NECT, 土地覆盖, 数据集

Abstract:

In this paper, the principles and methodologies for developing data set of land cover characteristics for the Northeast China transect (NECT) are discussed. Data set was developed using multi-temporal NOAA/AVHRR NDVI images with 1-km spatial resolution. Elevation, climate, soil, vegetation, land use, land resource, ecoregions, political boundaries, economic data, and social data were included as data layers, and all data layers were standardized and then integrated by digitization, spatial interpolation, geometrical registration, and projection transformation. Using this data set, several land use characteristics were mapped and analyzed. 1) Land cover mapping: multi-temporal NOAA/AVHRR NDVI images with 1-km spatial resolution were adopted to classify the land cover map of NECT. The first classification included 8 land cover types, forest, grassland, desert, shrub, cropland, mixed type, building area and water bodies. There were 12 land cover types in the second classification. Classification accuracy was 81.61% determined by ground truthing. The land cover patterns reflected the integrated physical geographical characteristics of NECT. 2) Land cover parameters were calculated using multi-temporal remotely sensed reflectance data that included annual NDVI maximum (NDVI max ), seasonal NDVI amplitude (x am ) and annual NDVI standard deviation (x′ s). Strong inter-annual and seasonal changes in vegetation growth for different land cover types were apparent. NDVI max, x am and x′ s showed an increasing trend with an increase in annual average temperatures for meadow steppe, typical steppe and desert steppe. 3) Two methods were used to evaluate seasonal changes in the length of the growing seasons over time. The length of the growing seasons of the meadow steppe and typical steppe lengthened by (9±2) days and (11±3) days, respectively, from 1983 to 1999. Similar change was not detected for the desert steppe. These results are in accordance with field records. This data set is a foundation for future research on land cover characteristics and their changes along the NECT. It also is an important contribution to international research on large-scale gradients as well as to global change research based upon the NECT.

Key words: NECT, Land cover, Multi-temporal NOAA/AVHRR NDVI images

李晓兵, 陈云浩, 余弘婧. 发展NECT土地覆盖特征数据集的原理、方法和应用. 植物生态学报, 2005, 29(2): 185-196. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2005.0024

LI Xiao-Bing, CHEN Yun-Hao, YU Hong-Jing. PRINCIPLES, METHODOLOGIES AND APPLICATION OF REMOTELY SENSED DATA FOR DEVELOPING LAND COVER CHARACTERISTICS DATA SET FOR NECT. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2005, 29(2): 185-196. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2005.0024

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链接本文: https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/10.17521/cjpe.2005.0024

https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/Y2005/V29/I2/185

图/表 8

参考文献 35

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基本数据类型 Basic data types	详细内容 Details
土地利用/覆盖变化数据 Data of land use and land cover change	各类土地利用/覆盖动态的信息, 包括城市、工业、干旱区与灌溉农业、半天然与天然森林、草地、裸地等自然区域以及保护区等, 还包括通过历史数据推演出来的历史上的LUCC动态信息 Information of land use and land cover change, including natural region and conservation such as cities, industry, arid region, irrigated farming, semi-natural forest and natural forest, grassland, bare soil, and so on, also including historic dynamic information of land use and land cover change through extrapolating historic data
环境数据 Environmental data	气候数据 (降水、温度、光照、相对湿度等) Climate data (precipitation, temperature, solar irradiation, relative humidity, and so on)
	地形数据 (海拔、坡度与方位) Terrain data (altitude, slope, orientation)
	土壤数据 (土壤有机碳、肥力、组织等) Soil data (soil organic carbon, soil fertility, soil fabric, and so on)
	植被数据 (植被盖度、种类、动态) Vegetation data (vegetation fraction, species, dynamics)
	养分传输 Nutrient transmission
	土地资源退化 Land resource degradation
	水资源退化与污染 (地表水与地下水) Water resource degradation and pollution (surface water and ground water)
经济数据 Economic data	多部门生产结构 (地区水平上) Multi-section productive structure (region-level)
	生产投入 (技术、农业化肥、劳动力、机械、灌溉等的投入, 在地区水平上) Productive input (input of technology, agriculture fertilizer, labor force, mechanism, irrigation, and so on, in region-level)
	价格、补贴与税收 (省或国家水平上) Price, subsidies and revenue (province-level or country-level)
	基础设施 (能源、交通与电信) Foundation establishment (energy sources, traffic and telecom)
社会数据 Social data	人口普查数据与空间分布模式 (地区水平上) Census data and distribution 收入分配 (地区水平上) Income distribution (region-level)
	迁移 (国际间与省之间) Transference (international and provincial)
	制度 (土地占有权、水权等) Regime (soil possess rights, water rights)
	健康 (实际/潜在性疾病发生率的地区分布) Health (area distribution of actual/potential disease occur rate)
全球与区域尺度上LUCC驱动力数据 Driving force data of LUCC in global and regional scale	人口增长、人口结构与迁移的变化 Change of population increasing, population structure and transference
	能源、产品与舒适的追求 (消费模式、游憩) Pursue of energy sources, products and comfort (consumption pattern, relaxation)
	生活方式与城乡间的相互关系 Interrelation of lifestyle with urban and rural
	自然条件中的极端事件与变化性 Extreme event under natural condition and variability
	宏观经济驱动力 Macro-economy driving force
	国家政策措施与指令 Country policy and injunction
	外部驱动力 (贸易全球化、国际协定) Exterior driving force (commercial globalization, international trade)

基本数据类型 Basic data types	详细内容 Details
土地利用/覆盖变化数据 Data of land use and land cover change	各类土地利用/覆盖动态的信息, 包括城市、工业、干旱区与灌溉农业、半天然与天然森林、草地、裸地等自然区域以及保护区等, 还包括通过历史数据推演出来的历史上的LUCC动态信息 Information of land use and land cover change, including natural region and conservation such as cities, industry, arid region, irrigated farming, semi-natural forest and natural forest, grassland, bare soil, and so on, also including historic dynamic information of land use and land cover change through extrapolating historic data
环境数据 Environmental data	气候数据 (降水、温度、光照、相对湿度等) Climate data (precipitation, temperature, solar irradiation, relative humidity, and so on)
	地形数据 (海拔、坡度与方位) Terrain data (altitude, slope, orientation)
	土壤数据 (土壤有机碳、肥力、组织等) Soil data (soil organic carbon, soil fertility, soil fabric, and so on)
	植被数据 (植被盖度、种类、动态) Vegetation data (vegetation fraction, species, dynamics)
	养分传输 Nutrient transmission
	土地资源退化 Land resource degradation
	水资源退化与污染 (地表水与地下水) Water resource degradation and pollution (surface water and ground water)
经济数据 Economic data	多部门生产结构 (地区水平上) Multi-section productive structure (region-level)
	生产投入 (技术、农业化肥、劳动力、机械、灌溉等的投入, 在地区水平上) Productive input (input of technology, agriculture fertilizer, labor force, mechanism, irrigation, and so on, in region-level)
	价格、补贴与税收 (省或国家水平上) Price, subsidies and revenue (province-level or country-level)
	基础设施 (能源、交通与电信) Foundation establishment (energy sources, traffic and telecom)
社会数据 Social data	人口普查数据与空间分布模式 (地区水平上) Census data and distribution 收入分配 (地区水平上) Income distribution (region-level)
	迁移 (国际间与省之间) Transference (international and provincial)
	制度 (土地占有权、水权等) Regime (soil possess rights, water rights)
	健康 (实际/潜在性疾病发生率的地区分布) Health (area distribution of actual/potential disease occur rate)
全球与区域尺度上LUCC驱动力数据 Driving force data of LUCC in global and regional scale	人口增长、人口结构与迁移的变化 Change of population increasing, population structure and transference
	能源、产品与舒适的追求 (消费模式、游憩) Pursue of energy sources, products and comfort (consumption pattern, relaxation)
	生活方式与城乡间的相互关系 Interrelation of lifestyle with urban and rural
	自然条件中的极端事件与变化性 Extreme event under natural condition and variability
	宏观经济驱动力 Macro-economy driving force
	国家政策措施与指令 Country policy and injunction
	外部驱动力 (贸易全球化、国际协定) Exterior driving force (commercial globalization, international trade)