北疆地区15种豆科植物种子对绵羊消化道作用的响应

doi:10.17521/cjpe.2017.0118

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为揭示北疆地区豆科植物种子对绵羊消化道作用的响应, 采集了北疆地区天然草地中常见的15种豆科植物种子。首先测定种子的长、宽、厚和质量, 并计算种子的形状指数。其次, 用种子饲喂绵羊, 收粪试验在种子摄食后的第6、12、24、36、48和72 h进行, 测定种子经绵羊消化道作用后的回收率、种子在绵羊消化道内的平均滞留时间以及消化道作用前后种子的萌发行为, 并研究了种子大小及形状指数对平均滞留时间和种子回收率的影响。结果如下: 15种植物种子质量在1.50-37.68 mg之间, 形状指数在0.001-0.12之间, 均为中等或较大类型的球(圆)形种子; 种子被绵羊采食后的排放动态符合高斯模型: Y = 0.02 + 0.74e ^-0.5(( ^X ^{- 29.61)/9.41)2}, 种子排放高峰期集中在采食后的24-36 h时间段内; 种子回收率最大的是洋甘草(Glycyrrhiza glabra)(39.25%), 最小的是草木犀(Melilotus officinalis)(4.28%); 平均滞留时间最长的是草木犀(37.19 h), 最短的是新疆棘豆(Oxytropis sinkiangensis)(22.33 h); 种子回收率与种子大小和形状指数之间分别具有符合形如Y = 6.45 + 2.05X - 0.04X ²和Y = 2.59 + 36.97e ^-24.47 ^X的函数关系模型; 平均滞留时间与种子大小和形状指数之间分别具有符合形如Y = 12.48 + 37.44e ^-0.07 ^X和Y = 3.93 + 2055.33X - 21757.99X ²的函数关系模型, 此结果表明, 较大、较小和形状不规则的豆科种子较易被绵羊消化和排泄。经绵羊消化道作用后, 多叶锦鸡儿(Caragana pleiophylla)种子的萌发率由消化前的96.22%显著降低至35.17%, 野火球(Trifolium lupinaster)和狐尾黄耆(Astragalus alopecurus)种子萌发率和消化前相比差异不显著, 其余12种种子的萌发率均显著提高(p < 0.05)。

关键词: 种子消化道传播, 北疆地区, 豆科植物, 种子质量, 形状指数, 滞留时间, 种子回收率

Abstract:

Aims The objective of this study was to learn the effect of sheep digestive tract on the recovery and germination of seeds of fifteen leguminous plants in the northern Xinjiang region.

Methods The seeds were collected from fifteen leguminous species which were widely distributed in the natural mowing pasture of the northern Xinjiang region. After determining their morphological characteristics (seed length, width, thickness, single seed mass, and seed shape index), seeds were fed to sheep. Faeces collection was carried out at 6, 12, 24, 36, 48 and 72 h after seeds were eaten by sheep. Seed recovery percentage (SRP), mean retention time (MRT) and seed germinability before and after ingested were determined, and the relationships between seed size, seed shape index and SRP, MRT after ingested were also studied.

Important findings Seed mass ranged from 1.50 to 37.68 mg, and seed shape index between 0.001 and 0.12, which indicated the seeds are all medium or large type sphericity (round) seeds. Seed excretion dynamic followed a Gaussian model: Y = 0.02 + 0.74e ^-0.5(( ^X ^{- 29.61)/9.41)2} (R ² = 0.62, p < 0.01), and excretion peak appeared 24-36 h after digestion. Seed recovery rate was ranged from 39.25% (Glycyrrhiza glabra) to 4.28% (Melilotus officinalis). The MRT ranged from 37.19 h (Melilotus officinalis) to 22.33 h (Oxytropis sinkiangensis). The relationship between SRP and seed size is expressed as the equation Y = 6.45 + 2.05X - 0.04X ² (R ² = 0.41, p < 0.05). The relationship between seed SRP and seed shape index is expressed as the equation Y = 2.59 + 36.97e ^-24.47 ^X (R ² = 0.37, p < 0.05). The relationship between MRT and seed size is expressed as the equation Y = 12.48 + 37.44e ^-0.07 ^X (R ² = 0.37, p < 0.05). The relationship between MRT and seed shape index is expressed as the equation Y = 3.93 + 2055.33X - 21757.99X ² (R ² = 0.42, p < 0.05). The results suggested that leguminous seeds in larger, or smaller, or irregular shape were more easily digested and excreted by sheep. After digested by sheep gut, germination percentages of recovered seeds of Caragana pleiophylla (35.17%) was significantly decreased (p < 0.05) compared with that of seeds before ingested (96.22%). Similarly, seed germination percentages of Trifolium lupinaster and Astragalus alopecurus seeds were decreased than those of no ingested seeds (not significantly, p > 0.05), but the germination percentages of other twelve kinds seeds were significantly increased (p < 0.05).

Key words: seed endozoochore dispersal, northern Xinjiang region, leguminous plant, seed mass, shape index, retention time, seed recovery percentage

王树林, 鲁为华, 陈乙实, 景鹏成. 北疆地区15种豆科植物种子对绵羊消化道作用的响应. 植物生态学报, 2018, 42(2): 185-194. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2017.0118

WANG Shu-Lin, LU Wei-Hua, CHEN Yi-Shi, JING Peng-Cheng. Effect of sheep digestive tract on the recovery and germination of seeds of fifteen leguminous plants in the northern Xinjiang region, China. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2018, 42(2): 185-194. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2017.0118

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图/表 5

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种名 Species	单粒质量 Single seed mass (mg)	形状指数 Shape index	种名 Species	单粒质量 Single seed mass (mg)	形状指数 Shape index
洋甘草 Glycyrrhiza glabra	6.69 ± 0.03	0.001 ± 0.000	骆驼刺 Alhagi sparsifolia	4.47 ± 0.03	0.070 ± 0.007
草木犀 Melilotus officinalis	2.17 ± 0.02	0.050 ± 0.010	山羊豆 Galega officinalis	6.22 ± 0.03	0.070 ± 0.006
苦马豆 Sphaerophysa salsula	7.28 ± 0.02	0.070 ± 0.010	铃铛刺 Halimodendron halodendron	15.73 ± 0.05	0.070 ± 0.005
蒙古黄耆 Astragalus mongholicus	10.59 ± 0.02	0.100 ± 0.003	野苜蓿 Medicago falcata	1.98 ± 0.01	0.070 ± 0.010
木黄耆 Astragalus arbuscula	3.72 ± 0.03	0.120 ± 0.004	细叶野豌豆 Vicia tenuifolia	14.84 ± 0.06	0.001 ± 0.001
新疆棘豆 Oxytropis sinkiangensis	2.63 ± 0.03	0.070 ± 0.001	狐尾黄耆 Astragalus alopecurus	34.42 ± 0.12	0.070 ± 0.001
多叶锦鸡儿 Caragana pleiophylla	37.68 ± 0.07	0.070 ± 0.010	弯果胡卢巴 Trigonella arcuata	1.50 ± 0.03	0.100 ± 0.008
野火球 Trifolium lupinaster	1.67 ± 0.01	0.070 ± 0.010

种名 Species	单粒质量 Single seed mass (mg)	形状指数 Shape index	种名 Species	单粒质量 Single seed mass (mg)	形状指数 Shape index
洋甘草 Glycyrrhiza glabra	6.69 ± 0.03	0.001 ± 0.000	骆驼刺 Alhagi sparsifolia	4.47 ± 0.03	0.070 ± 0.007
草木犀 Melilotus officinalis	2.17 ± 0.02	0.050 ± 0.010	山羊豆 Galega officinalis	6.22 ± 0.03	0.070 ± 0.006
苦马豆 Sphaerophysa salsula	7.28 ± 0.02	0.070 ± 0.010	铃铛刺 Halimodendron halodendron	15.73 ± 0.05	0.070 ± 0.005
蒙古黄耆 Astragalus mongholicus	10.59 ± 0.02	0.100 ± 0.003	野苜蓿 Medicago falcata	1.98 ± 0.01	0.070 ± 0.010
木黄耆 Astragalus arbuscula	3.72 ± 0.03	0.120 ± 0.004	细叶野豌豆 Vicia tenuifolia	14.84 ± 0.06	0.001 ± 0.001
新疆棘豆 Oxytropis sinkiangensis	2.63 ± 0.03	0.070 ± 0.001	狐尾黄耆 Astragalus alopecurus	34.42 ± 0.12	0.070 ± 0.001
多叶锦鸡儿 Caragana pleiophylla	37.68 ± 0.07	0.070 ± 0.010	弯果胡卢巴 Trigonella arcuata	1.50 ± 0.03	0.100 ± 0.008
野火球 Trifolium lupinaster	1.67 ± 0.01	0.070 ± 0.010

种名 Species	种子回收率 SRP (%)	平均滞留时间 MRT (h)	种名 Species	种子回收率 SRP (%)	平均滞留时间 MRT (h)
洋甘草 Glycyrrhiza glabra	39.25 ± 20.40^a	31.62 ± 0.73^bcd	骆驼刺 Alhagi sparsifolia	25.06 ± 9.25^ab	28.27 ± 0.27^bcd
草木犀 Melilotus officinalis	4.28 ± 1.76^c	37.19 ± 2.12^ab	山羊豆 Galega officinalis	38.02 ± 9.60^a	27.55 ± 1.75^bcd
苦马豆 Sphaerophysa salsula	38.60 ± 19.77^a	32.48 ± 0.39^abcd	铃铛刺 Halimodendron halodendron	34.56 ± 15.89^a	36.51 ± 5.93^ab
蒙古黄耆 Astragalus mongholicus	4.88 ± 1.02^c	36.62 ± 0.54^ab	野苜蓿 Medicago falcata	9.41 ± 1.26^bc	24.58 ± 0.84^cd
木黄耆 Astragalus arbuscula	5.02 ± 1.25^c	32.51 ± 3.93^abcd	细叶野豌豆 Vicia tenuifolia	34.90 ± 2.27^a	32.78 ± 2.94^abcd
新疆棘豆 Oxytropis sinkiangensis	16.04 ± 4.11^bc	22.33 ± 0.77^d	狐尾黄耆 Astragalus alopecurus	25.61 ± 11.75^ab	34.60 ± 0.84^abc
多叶锦鸡儿 Caragana pleiophylla	8.93 ± 4.24^bc	33.76 ± 1.19^abc	弯果胡卢巴 Trigonella arcuata	6.65 ± 1.44^c	24.95 ± 1.34^cd
野火球 Trifolium lupinaster	14.01 ± 7.18^bc	30.04 ± 1.49^bcd

种名 Species	种子回收率 SRP (%)	平均滞留时间 MRT (h)	种名 Species	种子回收率 SRP (%)	平均滞留时间 MRT (h)
洋甘草 Glycyrrhiza glabra	39.25 ± 20.40^a	31.62 ± 0.73^bcd	骆驼刺 Alhagi sparsifolia	25.06 ± 9.25^ab	28.27 ± 0.27^bcd
草木犀 Melilotus officinalis	4.28 ± 1.76^c	37.19 ± 2.12^ab	山羊豆 Galega officinalis	38.02 ± 9.60^a	27.55 ± 1.75^bcd
苦马豆 Sphaerophysa salsula	38.60 ± 19.77^a	32.48 ± 0.39^abcd	铃铛刺 Halimodendron halodendron	34.56 ± 15.89^a	36.51 ± 5.93^ab
蒙古黄耆 Astragalus mongholicus	4.88 ± 1.02^c	36.62 ± 0.54^ab	野苜蓿 Medicago falcata	9.41 ± 1.26^bc	24.58 ± 0.84^cd
木黄耆 Astragalus arbuscula	5.02 ± 1.25^c	32.51 ± 3.93^abcd	细叶野豌豆 Vicia tenuifolia	34.90 ± 2.27^a	32.78 ± 2.94^abcd
新疆棘豆 Oxytropis sinkiangensis	16.04 ± 4.11^bc	22.33 ± 0.77^d	狐尾黄耆 Astragalus alopecurus	25.61 ± 11.75^ab	34.60 ± 0.84^abc
多叶锦鸡儿 Caragana pleiophylla	8.93 ± 4.24^bc	33.76 ± 1.19^abc	弯果胡卢巴 Trigonella arcuata	6.65 ± 1.44^c	24.95 ± 1.34^cd
野火球 Trifolium lupinaster	14.01 ± 7.18^bc	30.04 ± 1.49^bcd

种名 Species	萌发率 Germination rates (%)		萌发率增值 Appreciation of germination rates (%)
种名 Species	对照 Control	消化后 After sheep ingested	萌发率增值 Appreciation of germination rates (%)
洋甘草 Glycyrrhiza glabra	15.36 ± 5.55^b	68.41 ± 13.86^a	53.05
草木犀 Melilotus officinalis	6.67 ± 1.16^b	23.68 ± 1.67^a	17.01
苦马豆 Sphaerophysa salsula	15.00 ± 7.00^b	71.01 ± 3.62^a	56.01
蒙古黄耆 Astragalus mongholicus	14.33 ± 3.22^b	25.00 ± 3.61^a	10.67
木黄耆 Astragalus arbuscula	45.00 ± 2.00^b	53.70 ± 1.57^a	8.70
新疆棘豆 Oxytropis sinkiangensis	33.33 ± 1.54^a	35.39 ± 3.08^a	2.06
多叶锦鸡儿 Caragana pleiophylla	96.22 ± 6.33^a	35.17 ± 3.32^b	-61.05
野火球 Trifolium lupinaster	28.33 ± 3.06^a	21.43 ± 3.11^a	-6.90
骆驼刺 Alhagi sparsifolia	8.33 ± 3.51^b	42.25 ± 2.63^a	33.92
山羊豆 Galega officinalis	13.33 ± 1.53^a	14.45 ± 1.27^a	1.12
铃铛刺 Halimodendron halodendron	1.67 ± 0.58^b	11.96 ± 2.00^a	10.29
野苜蓿 Medicago falcata	7.82 ± 1.05^b	62.36 ± 3.01^a	54.54
细叶野豌豆 Vicia tenuifolia	8.33 ± 0.58^b	28.52 ± 6.73^a	20.19
狐尾黄耆 Astragalus alopecurus	6.30 ± 2.14^a	5.83 ± 2.56^a	-0.47
弯果胡卢巴 Trigonella arcuata	5.20 ± 1.31^b	20.32 ± 5.51^a	15.12