植物生长型显著影响三峡大老岭地区木本植物种子质量的海拔格局

doi:10.17521/cjpe.2016.0285

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

植物种子质量(大小)是植物的关键生态功能性状, 种子质量的海拔格局研究有助于理解物种分布的环境约束以及植物功能性状之间的相互联系。该研究通过野外收集长江三峡大老岭国家自然保护区内主要木本植物59科87属201种的成熟种子, 并测量其种子质量和长度、厚度值, 分析该地区木本植物种子大小的海拔格局及植物生长型之间的差别。结果表明: 1)大老岭地区常见木本植物种子质量、长度和厚度值均服从对数正态分布, 质量值变异性最大(跨5个数量级)。种子质量、长度和厚度值之间均显著正相关。2)乔木和小乔木的种子质量显著大于灌木和木质藤本的种子质量; 常绿阔叶种的种子质量显著大于落叶阔叶和针叶种。全部物种的种子质量随海拔上升而有较小但统计显著的减小趋势。3)不同生长型和叶性状的木本植物种子质量的海拔格局不一致。群落不同结构组分(按生长型和叶性状分)的木本植物种子质量(大小)海拔梯度格局差异意味着局域群落结构是理解宏观生态格局变异的一个重要方面。

关键词: 木本植物, 种子质量, 海拔, 生长型, 三峡大老岭

Abstract:

Aims Seed size is one of the most important characteristics of plant seeds, and has significant implications in plant ecological functions. Exploring the altitudinal pattern of seed size would help to detect environmental constraints on species distribution and understand the linkage between plant ecological function traits Methods The present study measured the quantitative features of seed size, including weight of 1 000 grain seeds, lengths of longer and shorter axes, and analyzed the relationships between seed size and altitude, as well as the influence of growth form. Seed samples were all collected from 201 locally common woody plants (belonging to 59 families and 87 genera) in the Dalaoling Natural Reserve in Yichang City, Hubei Province.Important findings Measured values of the seed mass, the longer axis, and the shorter axis of the 201 woody plant species all follow the lognormal distribution. Measurements of seed mass vary across five orders of magnitude. Significant correlation was found between seed mass, seed length of the longer and shorter axes (R² = 0.755; 0.819; 0.630, p < 0.01). Moreover, seed mass of trees and small trees are significantly heavier than those of shrubs and woody vines. Seed mass values of evergreen broad leaved species are significantly heavier than those of deciduous broad leaved species and needle leaved species. Seed mass of all 201 species shows a slightly but statistically significant decreasing trend with the increase of altitude. In addition, altitudinal patterns of seed mass varied between species with different growth form. Our results indicated the variation of altitudinal trends of seed mass for different structural components of plant communities, implying the local community structure as a critical aspect of variation in macro-ecological patterns.

Key words: woody plant, seed mass, elevation, growth-form, Dalaoling in the Three Gorges

李道新, 李果, 沈泽昊, 徐慎东, 韩庆瑜, 王功芳, 田风雷. 植物生长型显著影响三峡大老岭地区木本植物种子质量的海拔格局. 植物生态学报, 2017, 41(5): 539-548. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2016.0285

Dao-Xin LI, Guo LI, Ze-Hao SHEN, Shen-Dong XU, Qing-Yu HAN, Gong-Fang WANG, Feng-Lei TIAN. Growth-form regulates the altitudinal variation of interspecific seed mass of woody plants in Mt. Dalaoling, the Three Gorges Region, China. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2017, 41(5): 539-548. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2016.0285

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链接本文: https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/10.17521/cjpe.2016.0285

https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/Y2017/V41/I5/539

图/表 6

图1 种子质量(A)、长度(B)和厚度(C)值的频率分布直方图及3个指标的对数转换值的经验累积频率分布(ECFD)与正态分布的累积密度函数(Normal CDF)拟合曲线的比较(D, E, F)。

Fig. 1 The frequency distribution of seed mass (A), seed length (B) and thickness (C), and a comparison between the curves of empirical cumulative frequency distribution (ECFD) and cumulative density function (CDF) of normal distribution, for log10-transformed seed mass, seed length and seed thickness (D, E, F).

图2 对数转换的种子质量与种子长度、厚度(A)及种子长度与厚度(B)的相关性。

Fig. 2 The correlation between seed mass (mg, log10-transformed) and the length and thickness (mm, both log10-transformed) (A), and the correlation between the length and thickness (B) of seeds.

图3 不同生长型(A)和叶片类型(B)的种子质量对数值。a、b代表显著性阈值p < 0.05下的不同水平值。

Fig. 3 Seed mass (log10-transformed) of different growth forms (A) and leaf types (B). a, and b indicate significantly different levels with p < 0.05.

图4 不同生长型植物种组的种子质量对数值的海拔格局。A, 全部种。B, 常绿阔叶种。C,落叶阔叶种。D, 针叶种。E, 乔木。F, 小乔木。G, 灌木。H, 木质藤本。

Fig. 4 Altitudinal patterns of seed mass (log10-transformed) of different growth-forms of plant species. A, All species. B, Evergreen-broadleaved species. C, Deciduous-broadleaved species. D, Coniferous species. E, Tree. F, Small tree. G, Shrub. H, Liana.

表1 解释种子质量对数值的不同多元线性回归模型比较

Table 1 Comparison of linear regression models for seed mass (log10-transformed)

模型 Model	自变量 Independent variables	自由度 d.f.	R²	F	p
M1	Elevation, Leaf, GF	194	0.186	8.543	<0.001
M2	Elevation, Leaf, GF, Leaf : GF	191	0.192	6.218	<0.001
M3	Elevation, Leaf, GF, Elevation : GF	191	0.198	6.414	<0.001
M4	Elevation, Leaf, GF, Elevation : Leaf	192	0.216	7.815	<0.001

表2 最优回归模型(M4)的参数估计

Table 2 Parameter estimate for the optimal regression model (M4)

变量 Variables	系数 Coefficients	标准误差 SE	t	p
截距 Intercept	-2.995 8	2.096 4	-1.429	0.155
海拔 Elevation	0.003 0	0.001 5	2.024	0.054
叶-落叶阔叶 Leaf-DB	4.956 2	2.213 7	2.239	<0.050
叶-常绿阔叶 Leaf-EB	7.901 1	2.270 5	3.480	<0.001
生长型-乔木 GF-Tree	2.032 4	0.340 8	5.963	<0.001
生长型-藤本 GF-Liana	0.011 4	0.614 0	0.019	0.985
生长型-小乔 GF-Small tree	1.552 6	0.388 5	3.997	<0.001
海拔 : 落叶阔叶 Elevation : DB	-0.003 3	0.001 6	-2.047	<0.050
海拔 : 常绿阔叶 Elevation : EB	-0.005 0	0.001 7	-2.982	<0.010

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