神农架常绿落叶阔叶混交林凋落物动态及影响因素

doi:10.17521/cjpe.2018.0052

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

凋落物是陆地生态系统的重要组成部分, 凋落物动态特征可以反映出生态系统的存在状况以及环境对植被的影响作用。为探究北亚热带常绿落叶阔叶混交林凋落物产量及现存量的动态及其影响因素, 该研究观测了神农架地区一处典型植被2009-2015年的凋落物产量及现存量, 据此分析其动态特征及其与气象因素的关系。研究结果表明: 该森林凋落物平均年产量及现存量分别为5.94 t·hm ^-2和10.46 t·hm ^-2, 2009至2014年均无明显年际变化趋势, 但在2015年均显著降低, 且当年倒春寒天数显著高于其他年份; 季节动态变化呈现双峰型, 峰值分别出现在3-5月和10月; 凋落物月产量与当月的前第1-4个月的月平均气温正相关, 与当月的前第8-10个月的月平均气温负相关, 且与当月的前第6-7及第10个月的月平均相对湿度负相关; 凋落物产量季节性指数平均值为0.032, 与年平均气温显著正相关。可见, 长时间倒春寒现象会显著影响凋落物年产量及现存量, 月平均气温和相对湿度对凋落物产量季节动态的影响有明显的滞后性, 且年平均气温对北亚热带主要森林类型的凋落物产量季节性指数有显著影响。

关键词: 凋落物产量, 凋落物现存量, 滞后性, 季节性指数, 北亚热带

Abstract:

Aims Litter is an important component of terrestrial ecosystems. The dynamics of litter can reflect the stage of terrestrial ecosystems and the impact of environment on vegetation. Our objective was to explore the dynamics of litter production and standing crop in evergreen deciduous broad-leaved mixed forests and the underlying factors.

Methods During 2009-2015, we observed the litter production and the standing crop of a typical vegetation at Shennongjia, Hubei Province and analyzed their dynamics and relationships with meteorological factors.

Important findings 1) The results showed that the average annual litter production and standing crop were 5.94 t·hm^-2 and 10.46 t·hm^-2, respectively. Additionally, there was no remarkable inter-annual changing trend between 2009 and 2014, nevertheless a significant lower value appeared in 2015 with much more days of late spring coldness. 2) The seasonal dynamics presented double peaks, in March to May and October separately. 3) The monthly litter production was positively correlated with the monthly average air temperature of the previous 1-4 months, but negatively correlated with that in the 8th, 9th and 10th months before the month. In addition, it was negatively associated with the monthly average relative humidity of the 6th, 7th and 10th months before the month. 4) The average seasonality index of litter production was 0.032, which was strongly positively correlated with the annual average air temperature. We concluded that the phenomenon of long-term late spring coldness will affect annual litter production and standing crop significantly. The monthly average air temperature and relative humidity had significant lag effect on the seasonal dynamics of litter production, and the annual average air temperature had positive influence on the seasonality index of litter production in the major forest types in north subtropics.

Key words: litter production, litter standing crop, lag effect, seasonality index, north subtropics

刘璐, 赵常明, 徐文婷, 申国珍, 谢宗强. 神农架常绿落叶阔叶混交林凋落物动态及影响因素. 植物生态学报, 2018, 42(6): 619-628. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2018.0052

LIU Lu, ZHAO Chang-Ming, XU Wen-Ting, SHEN Guo-Zhen, XIE Zong-Qiang. Litter dynamics of evergreen deciduous broad-leaved mixed forests and its influential factors in Shennongjia, China. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2018, 42(6): 619-628. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2018.0052

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链接本文: https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/10.17521/cjpe.2018.0052

https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/Y2018/V42/I6/619

图/表 8

图1 2009-2015年凋落物产量年际动态变化(平均值±标准偏差)。每一个数据点是13个凋落物收集框的年平均值。

Fig. 1 The dynamics of annual litter production from 2009 to 2015 (mean ± SD). Every point is the average annual value of the mass in 13 litter traps.

图2 2009-2015年凋落物产量与倒春寒天数的关系。凋落物产量数据点是13个凋落物收集框的年平均值。

Fig. 2 The relationship of litter production and the number of late spring coldness days from 2009 to 2015. Every point of litter production is the average annual value of the mass in 13 litter traps.

图3 2009-2015年不同组分的凋落物产量的年内动态变化(平均值±标准偏差)。每一个数据点是13个凋落物收集框的月平均值。A、B、C、D分别表示凋落叶、凋落枝、繁殖器官凋落物和总凋落物。

Fig. 3 The intra-annual dynamics of different composition of litter production from 2009 to 2015 (mean ± SD). Every point of litter production is the average monthly value of the mass in 13 litter traps. A, B, C, and D denote leaf litter, twig litter, reproductive organ litter and total litter, respectively.

图4 2008-2015年8个气候变量月值的主成分分析结果。每个点的横纵坐标为该变量在主成分轴上的荷载值, 百分数表示方差被该主成分轴所解释的部分。“prep”表示月降水量, “temp” “max temp” “min temp”分别表示月平均气温、月最高气温及月最低气温。

Fig. 4 Principal component analysis of the monthly values for eight meteorological variables from January 2008 to December 2015. The factor loadings of variables for the first two components are shown (the percentages are the variance explained by each axis). “prep” stands for monthly precipitation and “temp”, “max temp”, “min temp” stands for monthly average air temperature, monthly maximum air temperature and monthly minimum air temperature respectively.

图5 月平均气温与凋落物总产量(A)、凋落物叶产量(B)、凋落物枝产量(C)及凋落物繁殖器官产量(D)的互相关系数和月平均相对湿度与凋落物总产量(E)、凋落物叶产量(F)、凋落物枝产量(G)及凋落物繁殖器官产量(H)的互相关系数。凋落物时间序列落后于月平均气温和月平均相对湿度。n = 87。*, p < 0.05; **, p < 0.01; ***, p < 0.001。

Fig. 5 Cross correlation coefficients for monthly total litter production (A), leaf litter production (B), branch litter production (C) and reproductive organ litter production (D) as a function of monthly average air temperature and cross correlation coefficients for monthly total litter production (E), leaf litter production (F), branch litter production (G) and reproductive organ litter production (H) as a function of monthly average relative humidity. For these analyses, the litter time series was lagged against monthly average air temperature and monthly average relative humidity. n = 87. *, p < 0.05; **, p < 0.01; ***, p < 0.001.

图6 2009-2015年的凋落物产量季节性指数。虚线表示7年凋落物季节性指数的平均值。

Fig. 6 The seasonality index of litter production from 2009 to 2015. The dotted line represents the average value of seasonality index among seven years.

图7 2009-2015年的凋落物现存量年际动态变化(平均值±标准偏差)。每一个数据点是13个凋落物现存量收集框的年平均值。

Fig. 7 The dynamics of annual litter standing crop from 2009 to 2015 (mean ± SD). Every point is the average annual value of the mass in 13 litter traps.

表1 全球主要气候带森林凋落物产量及现存量

Table 1 The litter production and standing crop of forests in the main climate zones around the world

气候带 Climate zone	森林类型 Forest type	凋落物产量 Litter production (t·hm^-2·a^-1)	凋落物现存量 Litter standing crop (t·hm^-2·a^-1)	参考文献 Reference
热带 Tropics	亚马孙半落叶森林 Semideciduous forests in Amazon Basin	8-10.5	5-8	Sanches et al., 2008
	澳大利亚北部热带雨林 Tropical rain forests in northern Australia	5.44-11.29	3.7-10.94	Parsons et al., 2014
	中国台湾南部常绿阔叶林 The evergreen broadleaved forest in southern Taiwan, China	6.98-9.13		Liao et al., 2006
亚热带 Subtropics	巴西巴拉那州半落叶森林 Semideciduous forests in Parana, Brazil	7.17-9.33		Gon?alves Toscan et al., 2014
	中国鼎湖山常绿阔叶林 The evergreen broadleaved forest in Dinghu Mt., China	6.39-11.04		Guan et al., 2004
	中国川西亚高山箭竹群落 Subalpine bamboo communities in western Sichuan, China		6.5-46.3	Qi et al., 2004
	中国神农架常绿落叶阔叶混交林 The evergreen deciduous broadleaved mixed forest in Shennongjia, China	5.94	10.46	本研究 This research
温带 Temperate zone	中国长白山针阔混交林 Coniferous broadleaved mixed forests in Changbai Mountain, China	3.15-5.12		Li et al., 2010
	中国东北主要森林类型 The main forest types in northeastern China	2.34-4.15		Zhang et al., 2008
	巴西东南部大西洋沿岸次生林 The secondary Atlantic forest in southeastern Brazil	5.7		Ferreira et al., 2014
	中国辽宁油松蒙古栎林 The forest of Quercus mongolica and Pinus koraiensis in Liaoning, China		11.13	Cui & Chan, 2008

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