草原植物繁殖体调控技术: “蘖芽岛”的培育与移植

doi:10.17521/cjpe.2024.0125

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

草原生态系统退化严重制约着我国生态安全和经济发展, 如何有效地恢复退化草原是草原牧区面临的重要科学与技术挑战。目前国内已经研发了多项退化草原修复技术, 这些技术的实施对促进草原恢复发挥了重要作用, 但是对群落结构退化严重、繁殖体库严重缺乏的退化草原却作用有限。为此, 该研究探索了用于中度、重度退化草原优质牧草定向修复的植物繁殖体调控技术, 包括“蘖芽岛”培育与移植两个关键技术环节, 其中“蘖芽岛”培育是基于培养钵种植目标物种, 结合对应管理措施促进植株根茎(或侧芽)快速生长, 最终培育成具有丰富繁殖体库(分蘖根茎或枝生芽)的目标物种“蘖芽岛”; “蘖芽岛”移植的主要目的是补充退化草原繁殖体库, 充分发挥优质牧草无性繁殖能力强的优势, 快速扩繁恢复群落结构及功能。根据在草甸草原进行的技术示范, 羊草(Leymus chinensis)和野苜蓿(Medicago falcata) “蘖芽岛”培育与移植技术具有良好的恢复效果, 能够使退化草原的群落生产力从214.5 g·m^-2分别提高到358.7和286.4 g·m^-2, 优质牧草比例从18.4%分别提高到54.7%和31.5%。该技术能够为繁殖体限制草原的定向修复提供重要的数据和技术支撑。

关键词: 草原退化, 草原恢复, 繁殖体, 蘖芽岛, 培育, 移植

Abstract:

Aims The severe degradation of grassland ecosystems is restricting China’s ecological security and economic development, and this makes it a scientific and technological challenge for pastoral areas to effectively restore degraded grasslands. To date, multiple grazing management and human assisted improvement techniques have been developed, the implementation of these techniques played important roles in grassland restoration, but their effectiveness was constrained for degraded grasslands with severe damaged community structure and propagule shortage.

Methods We introduce a propagule regulation technique which can remove propagule limitation and target at restoring moderately and severely degraded grasslands. This technique includes two key technical aspects, namely, cultivation and transplantation of “propagule island”. The cultivation of “propagule island” is planting high-quality forage combining with nutrient management to promote the rapid growth of rhizomes (or lateral buds), i.e., cultivating “propagule island” with rich propagule pool (tiller rhizomes or branching buds). The transplantation of “propagule island” is replenishing the propagule pool to degraded grasslands, and restores grasslands relying on clonal growth (or asexual reproduction) of high-quality forage.

Important findings The main purpose of this technique is to rapidly restore the structure and function of communities in degraded grasslands taking the advantages of clonal growth of high-quality forage. According to the technical demonstration in the meadow grassland, “propagule island” of Leymus chinensis and Medicago falcatahad significant effects on restoration, and they increased the productivity of the two communities from 214.5 to 358.7 and 286.4 g·m^-2, respectively. They also increased the proportions of high-quality forage from 18.4% to 54.7% and 31.5%, respectively. This technique can provide important data and technical supports for the targeted restoration of propagule-restricted grasslands.

Key words: grassland degradation, grassland restoration, propagule, propagule island, cultivation, transplantation

孙佳美, 安冰儿, 刘伟, 王璟, 潘庆民. 草原植物繁殖体调控技术: “蘖芽岛”的培育与移植. 植物生态学报, 2025, 49(1): 129-137. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2024.0125

SUN Jia-Mei, AN Bing-Er, LIU Wei, WANG Jing, PAN Qing-Min. Propagule regulation technique in grasslands: cultivation and transplantation of “propagule island”. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2025, 49(1): 129-137. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2024.0125

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链接本文: https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/10.17521/cjpe.2024.0125

https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/Y2025/V49/I1/129

图/表 3

图1 草原退化群落与围封样地(对照)优质牧草种子库(A)和芽库(B)的差异(平均值±标准差)。数据来源: 北方温带草原(潘庆民等, 2023)、青藏高寒草原(邓斌等, 2012; 王倩, 2022)和南方草山草坡(韩学琴等, 2023)。*, p < 0.05。

Fig. 1 Differences in seed bank and bud bank of high-quality forage between degraded (A) and enclosed (B) grassland communities (mean ± SD). Data resources: northern temperate grassland (Pan et al., 2023), Qingzang alpine grassland (Deng et al., 2012; Wang, 2022), and southern grassy hills and slopes (Han et al., 2023). *, p < 0.05.

图2 对照和养分添加处理条件下每个羊草和野苜蓿“蘖芽岛”中植株株丛数和蘖芽数量(蘖芽岛(ea)尺寸: 直径9 cm, 深度12 cm) (平均值±标准差)。*, p < 0.05。

Fig. 2 Plant individuals and tiller buds of “propagule island” of Leymus chinensis and Medicago falcata under control and nutrient addition treatment (propagule island (ea) size: 9 cm in diameter and 12 cm in depth) (mean ± SD). *, p < 0.05.

图3 羊草和野苜蓿“蘖芽岛”移植(A、B)以及对群落生产力(C)和优质牧草比例(D)的恢复效果(平均值±标准差)。*, p < 0.05。

Fig. 3 Transplantation of “propagule island” of Leymus chinensis (A) and Medicago falcata (B), and the effects of restoration on community productivity (C) and high-quality forage proportion (D) (mean ± SD). *, p < 0.05.

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