土壤动物对川西亚高山和高山森林凋落叶第一年不同分解时期N和P元素动态的影响

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1258.2013.00111

植物生态学报 ›› 2013, Vol. 37 ›› Issue (12): 1080-1090.DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1258.2013.00111

所属专题：青藏高原植物生态学：群落生态学

土壤动物对川西亚高山和高山森林凋落叶第一年不同分解时期N和P元素动态的影响

刘瑞龙, 杨万勤, 谭波, 王文君, 倪祥银, 吴福忠^*()

四川农业大学生态林业研究所林业生态工程重点实验室, 成都 611130

收稿日期:2013-07-24 接受日期:2013-09-30 出版日期:2013-07-24 发布日期:2013-12-04
通讯作者: 吴福忠
作者简介:* E-mail: wufzchina@163.com
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金项目(31170423);国家自然科学基金项目(31270498);国家“十二五”科技支撑计划(2011BAC09B05);四川省杰出青年学术与技术带头人培育项目(2012JQ0008);四川省杰出青年学术与技术带头人培育项目(2012JQ0059);中国博士后科学基金特别资助(2012T50782)

Effects of soil fauna on N and P dynamics at different stages during the first year of litter decomposition in subalpine and alpine forests of western Sichuan

LIU Rui-Long, YANG Wan-Qin, TAN Bo, WANG Wen-Jun, NI Xiang-Yin, WU Fu-Zhong^*()

Key Laboratory of Ecological Forestry Engineering, Institute of Ecology & Forestry, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China

Received:2013-07-24 Accepted:2013-09-30 Online:2013-07-24 Published:2013-12-04
Contact: WU Fu-Zhong

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

土壤动物对高寒森林凋落物养分元素动态具有重要影响, 但这种影响受控于凋落物质量及环境条件。为了解土壤动物对高寒森林凋落物不同分解时期凋落物中N和P元素动态的影响, 采用凋落物分解袋的方法, 于凋落物第一年分解的不同时期, 即冻结前期、冻结期、融化期、生长季节初期、生长季节中期和生长季节末期, 研究了3.00和0.04 mm孔径凋落物袋中川西亚高山和高山森林的代表性植物——康定柳(Salix paraplesia)、方枝柏(Sabina saltuaria)、红桦(Betula albosinensis)和岷江冷杉(Abies fargesii var. faxoniana)凋落物中的N和P元素动态特征。结果表明: 康定柳和红桦凋落物中的N元素呈现出释放—富集—释放的模式, 方枝柏、岷江冷杉凋落物中的N元素则表现为释放—富集模式; 凋落物P元素总体表现为释放模式, 但4种植物凋落物均在生长季节中期具有明显的富集过程; 从凋落物分解的第一年来看, 土壤动物明显促进了4种植物凋落物N的释放, 而抑制了P的释放; 不同时期土壤动物对凋落物中N和P释放量的影响存在显著差异, 且分别与正积温呈极显著正相关和极显著负相关关系; 相对于阔叶植物凋落物, 土壤动物对针叶植物凋落物中N和P元素动态的影响更为显著。这些结果为深入了解高寒森林生态系统土壤动物与凋落物分解等物质循环过程的相互联系具有重要意义。

关键词: 元素动态, 凋落物分解,N,P, 土壤动物, 亚高山和高山森林

Abstract:

Aims Soil fauna has an important effect on litter nutrient release in cold regions, and the effect could vary with litter types and be controlled by environmental factors such as temperature and precipitation. Our objective was to characterize the effect of soil fauna on N and P dynamics during litter decomposition in subalpine and alpine forests.
Methods A field litterbag experiment was conducted in subalpine and alpine forests of western Sichuan, China, from November 2011 through October 2012. Samples of air-dried leaf litter for Salix paraplesia, Sabina saltuaria, Betula albosinensis, and Abies fargesii var. faxoniana were placed in nylon litterbags (20 cm × 20 cm, 10 g per bag) of two different mesh sizes (i.e. 3.00 mm and 0.04 mm). The amount of N and P released were investigated at different stages during the first year of decomposition, i.e., onset of freezing period, deep freezing period, thawing stage, early growing season, mid-growing season, and late growing season.
Important findings The N dynamics during decomposition differed between the leaf litter of broadleaf trees and that of coniferous trees: they were of a release-enrichment-release pattern in Salix paraplesia and B. albosinensis, and of a release-enrichment pattern in Sabina saltuaria and A. fargesii var. faxoniana. The P generally displayed a declining trend, but with an obvious enrichment process in the mid-growing season. During the first year of litter decomposition, soil fauna imposed a positive effect on N release, and a negative effect on P release. There was a significant difference in the amount of litter N and P released through soil fauna among different stages during the first year of decomposition. The amount of N released through soil fauna was positively related to the positive accumulated temperature; whereas the amount of P released through soil fauna was highly negatively related to the positive accumulated temperature. Soil fauna affected more on the litter of broadleaf trees than on the litter of coniferous trees in N and P dynamics during decomposition.

Key words: element dynamics, litter decomposition, N, P, soil fauna, subalpine and alpine forests

刘瑞龙, 杨万勤, 谭波, 王文君, 倪祥银, 吴福忠. 土壤动物对川西亚高山和高山森林凋落叶第一年不同分解时期N和P元素动态的影响. 植物生态学报, 2013, 37(12): 1080-1090. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1258.2013.00111

LIU Rui-Long, YANG Wan-Qin, TAN Bo, WANG Wen-Jun, NI Xiang-Yin, WU Fu-Zhong. Effects of soil fauna on N and P dynamics at different stages during the first year of litter decomposition in subalpine and alpine forests of western Sichuan. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2013, 37(12): 1080-1090. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1258.2013.00111

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图/表 9

参考文献 37

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物种 Species	C (g·kg^-1)	N (g·kg^-1)	P (g·kg^-1)	C/N	C/P	N/P
康定柳 Salix paraplesia	379.81 ± 23.28^a	12.35 ± 0.87^a	1.13 ± 0.08^a	30.50 ± 1.24^a	334.05 ± 10.60^a	10.96 ± 0.25^a
方枝柏 Sabina saltuaria	517.69 ± 20.31^b	10.20 ± 0.71^b	1.35 ± 0.09^b	50.84 ± 2.48^b	379.15 ± 6.12^b	7.47 ± 0.31^b
红桦 Betula albosinensis	484.27 ± 17.00^c	10.41 ± 0.79^b	0.82 ± 0.08^c	45.93 ± 1.85^c	588.05 ± 36.12^c	12.80 ± 0.56^c
岷江冷杉 Abies fargesii var. faxoniana	505.85 ± 30.64^b	11.43 ± 1.11^a	1.71 ± 0.11^d	44.25 ± 2.40^c	298.51 ± 9.84^d	6.75 ± 0.23^d

物种 Species	C (g·kg^-1)	N (g·kg^-1)	P (g·kg^-1)	C/N	C/P	N/P
康定柳 Salix paraplesia	379.81 ± 23.28^a	12.35 ± 0.87^a	1.13 ± 0.08^a	30.50 ± 1.24^a	334.05 ± 10.60^a	10.96 ± 0.25^a
方枝柏 Sabina saltuaria	517.69 ± 20.31^b	10.20 ± 0.71^b	1.35 ± 0.09^b	50.84 ± 2.48^b	379.15 ± 6.12^b	7.47 ± 0.31^b
红桦 Betula albosinensis	484.27 ± 17.00^c	10.41 ± 0.79^b	0.82 ± 0.08^c	45.93 ± 1.85^c	588.05 ± 36.12^c	12.80 ± 0.56^c
岷江冷杉 Abies fargesii var. faxoniana	505.85 ± 30.64^b	11.43 ± 1.11^a	1.71 ± 0.11^d	44.25 ± 2.40^c	298.51 ± 9.84^d	6.75 ± 0.23^d

		冻融初期 Onset of freezing period	冻结期 Deep freezing period	融化期 Thawing stage	生长季节初期Early growing season	生长季节中期Mid-growing season	生长季节末期Late growing season
样地1 Site 1	平均温度 Average temperature	-1.43	-1.42	1.90	8.28	11.64	6.87
	正积温 Positive accumulated temperature	1.12	34.18	103.83	414.11	815.10	446.64
	负积温 Negative accumulated temperature	-51.21	-135.04	-6.86	0.00	0.00	0.00
样地2 Site 2	平均温度 Average temperature	-2.60	-5.39	2.58	8.88	15.14	7.75
	正积温 Positive accumulated temperature	4.76	1.05	150.41	444.00	1 059.82	503.87
	负积温 Negative accumulated temperature	-95.60	-383.49	-18.76	0.00	0.00	0.00

		冻融初期 Onset of freezing period	冻结期 Deep freezing period	融化期 Thawing stage	生长季节初期Early growing season	生长季节中期Mid-growing season	生长季节末期Late growing season
样地1 Site 1	平均温度 Average temperature	-1.43	-1.42	1.90	8.28	11.64	6.87
	正积温 Positive accumulated temperature	1.12	34.18	103.83	414.11	815.10	446.64
	负积温 Negative accumulated temperature	-51.21	-135.04	-6.86	0.00	0.00	0.00
样地2 Site 2	平均温度 Average temperature	-2.60	-5.39	2.58	8.88	15.14	7.75
	正积温 Positive accumulated temperature	4.76	1.05	150.41	444.00	1 059.82	503.87
	负积温 Negative accumulated temperature	-95.60	-383.49	-18.76	0.00	0.00	0.00

	物种 Species	冻融初期 Onset of freezing period	冻结期 Deep freezing period	融化期 Thawing stage	生长季节初期 Early growing season	生长季节中期Mid-growing season	生长季节末期Late growing season
个体密度 Density of individuals	康定柳 Salix paraplesia	3.00 ± 0.67^a	1.36 ± 0.96^a	3.17 ± 0.92^a	10.84 ± 1.08^b	18.02 ± 2.66^c	13.94 ± 2.00^b
	方枝柏 Sabina saltuaria	2.28 ± 1.26^a	2.17 ± 0.81^a	4.23 ± 1.15^ab	7.35 ± 1.36^b	8.99 ± 1.91^b	7.49 ± 2.47^b
	红桦 Betula albosinensis	4.23 ± 1.61^a	1.44 ± 0.27^b	2.21 ± 0.64^b	14.52 ± 1.84^c	10.86 ± 2.68^d	43.89 ± 3.48^e
	岷江冷杉 Abies fargesii var. faxoniana	3.87 ± 1.33^a	1.45 ± 0.58^b	2.76 ± 0.87^ab	20.94 ± 2.61^c	10.95 ± 2.70^d	46.23 ± 4.34^e
类群数量 Number of groups	康定柳 Salix paraplesia	21 ± 2^a	10 ± 1^b	15 ± 1^c	25 ± 2^d	31 ± 4^e	20 ± 1^a
	方枝柏 Sabina saltuaria	18 ± 1^a	10 ± 1^b	22 ± 2^c	29 ± 3^d	34 ± 5^e	25 ± 2^c
	红桦 Betula albosinensis	21 ± 2^a	12 ± 1^b	14 ± 1^b	18 ± 2^c	24 ± 2^d	25 ± 3^d
	岷江冷杉 Abies fargesii var. faxoniana	21 ± 2^a	10 ± 1^c	18 ± 1^c	30 ± 3^d	29 ± 2^d	24 ± 1^e

土壤动物对川西亚高山和高山森林凋落叶第一年不同分解时期N和P元素动态的影响

Effects of soil fauna on N and P dynamics at different stages during the first year of litter decomposition in subalpine and alpine forests of western Sichuan

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	物种 Species	冻融初期 Onset of freezing period	冻结期 Deep freezing period	融化期 Thawing stage	生长季节初期Early growing season	生长季节中期Mid-growing season	生长季节末期Late growing season	冻融季节Freeze-thaw season	生长季节Growing season	整个凋落物分解的第一年 The whole first year of litter decomposition
土壤动物作用的N释放量 Amount of N released through soil fauna	康定柳 Salix paraplesia	9.22 ± 0.37^a	0.03 ± 0.01^a	-2.09 ± 0.07^a	0.76 ± 0.08^a	2.50 ± 0.13^a	-6.76 ± 0.21^a	7.16 ± 0.36^a	-3.50 ± 0.13^a	3.66 ± 0.17^a
	方枝柏 Sabina saltuaria	-3.34 ± 0.15^b	-1.22 ± 0.08^b	-0.04 ± 0.01^b	2.51 ± 0.11^b	4.14 ± 0.17^b	3.69 ± 0.10^b	-4.60 ± 0.22^b	10.34 ± 0.38^b	5.74 ± 0.25^b
	红桦 Betula albosinensis	-8.30 ± 0.26^c	4.51 ± 0.15^c	0.21 ± 0.03^c	3.08 ± 0.14^c	0.55 ± 0.04^c	4.50 ± 0.13^c	-3.58 ± 0.14^c	8.13 ± 0.22^c	4.55 ± 0.24^c
	岷江冷杉 Abies fargesii var. faxoniana	1.95 ± 0.11^d	3.42 ± 0.13^d	-2.07 ± 0.13^a	-2.05 ± 0.09^d	-1.29 ± 0.09^d	5.59 ± 0.11^d	3.29 ± 0.12^d	2.26 ± 0.10^d	5.55 ± 0.19^d
土壤动物作用的P释放量 Amount of P released through soil fauna	康定柳 Salix paraplesia	0.37 ± 0.04^a	0.13 ± 0.01^a	-0.09 ± 0.02^a	-0.81 ± 0.06^a	0.45 ± 0.05^a	-0.15 ± 0.03^a	0.43 ± 0.03^a	-0.51 ± 0.02^a	-0.08 ± 0.01^a
	方枝柏 Sabina saltuaria	0.23 ± 0.01^b	-0.07 ± 0.01^b	0.46 ± 0.05^b	-0.84 ± 0.05^a	-0.28 ± 0.03^b	-0.71 ± 0.06^b	0.62 ± 0.03^b	-1.83 ± 0.16^b	-1.21 ± 0.07^b
	红桦 Betula albosinensis	-0.11 ± 0.01^c	0.06 ± 0.01^c	-0.01 ± 0.01^c	-0.10 ± 0.01^b	0.56 ± 0.07^c	-0.59 ± 0.04^c	-0.06 ± 0.01^c	-0.13 ± 0.01^c	-0.19 ± 0.01^c
	岷江冷杉 Abies fargesii var. faxoniana	0.81 ± 0.07^d	0.43 ± 0.05^d	0.07 ± 0.01^d	-1.58 ± 0.09^c	0.94 ± 0.10^d	-1.49 ± 0.14^d	1.31 ± 0.11^d	-2.12 ± 0.08^d	-0.81 ± 0.03^d

	平均温度 Average temperature	正积温 Positive accumulated temperature	负积温 Negative accumulated temperature	个体密度 Density of individuals	类群数量Number of groups
土壤动物作用的N释放量P_N Amount of N released through soil fauna	0.129	0.251^**	-0.260^**	0.083	0.033
土壤动物作用的P释放量P_P Amount of P released through soil fauna	-0.273^**	-0.259^**	0.126	0.355^**	0.300^**

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