氮磷添加增强天山高寒草地群落构建中确定性过程

doi:10.17521/cjpe.2025.0347

植物生态学报 ›› 2026, Vol. 50 ›› Issue (4): 883-894.DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2025.0347 cstr: 32100.14.cjpe.2025.0347

氮磷添加增强天山高寒草地群落构建中确定性过程

洪翎桂¹, 安琦¹, 张佛军¹, 任宇飞¹, 任正炜³, 周小龙¹^,²^,^*()

¹ 新疆大学生态与环境学院, 乌鲁木齐 830046
² 新疆大学绿洲生态教育部重点实验室, 乌鲁木齐 830046
³ 兰州大学生态学院, 兰州 730000

收稿日期:2025-09-21 接受日期:2026-01-08 出版日期:2026-04-20 发布日期:2026-07-15
通讯作者: ^*周小龙(zhouxiaolong@xju.edu.cn)
基金资助:
新疆维吾尔自治区自然科学基金(2024D01C33);国家自然科学基金(32460268)

Nitrogen and phosphorus addition enhances deterministic processes in community assembly of alpine grasslands in Tianshan Mountains

HONG Ling-Gui¹, AN Qi¹, ZHANG Fo-Jun¹, REN Yu-Fei¹, REN Zheng-Wei³, ZHOU Xiao-Long¹^,²^,^*()

¹ College of Ecology and Environment, Xinjiang University, Ürümqi 830046, China
² Key Laboratory of Oasis Ecology of Ministry Education, Xinjiang University, Ürümqi 830046, China
³ College of Ecology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China

Received:2025-09-21 Accepted:2026-01-08 Online:2026-04-20 Published:2026-07-15
Contact: ^*ZHOU Xiao-Long(zhouxiaolong@xju.edu.cn)
Supported by:
Natural Science Foundation of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region(2024D01C33);National Natural Science Foundation of China(32460268)

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 理解养分添加如何影响群落构建的过程, 对于预测高寒草地生态系统对养分富集的响应至关重要。但是当前关于养分添加后群落构建过程的变化, 尤其是确定性和随机性过程的相对作用大小, 仍然存在争议。该研究在天山南麓的巴音布鲁克高寒草地设置了包括对照、氮、磷以及氮磷混合添加4个处理的养分添加实验, 调查了物种相对多度、地上生物量及植物功能性状, 使用性状-多度关系、β Raup-Crick指数、功能多样性、生态位重叠程度和土壤理化性质对养分添加的响应模式, 探讨养分添加后确定性与随机性过程在群落构建中的相对作用, 并进一步分析环境过滤与相似性限制两种生态位过程的相对重要性。结果表明, 氮添加处理下物种相对多度与植物高度呈显著正线性回归关系, 氮和氮磷混合添加处理中物种相对多度与种子大小呈显著负线性回归关系, 表明具有较高高度和种子较小的物种分别凭借光竞争和快速定植优势成为群落优势种, 为基于性状的生态位理论提供了依据; 此外, 零模型分析(β Raup-Crick指数)结果表明, 养分添加后群落间物种组成差异明显小于随机模拟, 群落构建逐渐由随机过程向确定性过程转变; 含氮肥的养分添加显著提高了地上生物量, 同时导致功能丰富度、功能离散度和Rao指数显著下降, 并增加了生态位重叠程度, 表明养分添加增强了环境过滤作用, 促进功能性状趋同和物种组成同质化。然而, 短期养分添加并未显著降低物种丰富度, 可能是受限于本区域物种库稀有种比例低的特点。综上所述, 氮是该区域地上生物量的主要限制性养分, 养分添加通过强化环境过滤, 增强了高寒草地群落构建中的确定性过程。该研究揭示了高寒草地在养分富集背景下的功能趋同趋势, 为该区域草地的生物多样性保护提供了理论依据。

关键词: 养分添加, 群落构建, 物种相对多度, 功能性状, 生态位重叠, 高寒草地

Abstract:

Aims Understanding how nutrient addition influences community assembly is essential for predicting the responses of alpine grassland ecosystems to eutrophication. However, the relative importance of deterministic versus stochastic processes following nutrient addition remains debated.

Methods We conducted a nutrient-addition experiment in the Bayanbulak alpine grassland on the southern slope of Tianshan Mountains, with four treatments: control, nitrogen (N) addition, phosphorus (P) addition, and combined N and P addition. We measured species relative abundance (SRA), aboveground biomass, and plant functional traits. Using trait-abundance relationships, the β Raup-Crick index, functional diversity metrics, niche overlap, and the responses of soil physicochemical properties to fertilization, we evaluated how nutrient addition alters the balance between deterministic and stochastic assembly, and further assessed the relative importance of environmental filtering versus limiting similarity.

Important findings Following N addition, SRA exhibited a significant positive linear relationship with plant height, while under N and NP additions SRA showed a significant negative linear relationship with seed size, indicating that taller species and species with smaller seeds became dominant via advantages in light competition and rapid colonization, respectively—consistent with trait-based niche assembly. Null-model analyses (β Raup-Crick) further revealed that between-community dissimilarity under nutrient addition was significantly lower than expected by randomization, indicating a shift from stochastic to deterministic assembly. Nitrogen-containing treatments significantly increased aboveground biomass, while significantly decreasing functional richness, functional dispersion, and Rao’s Q, and increasing niche overlap. These results suggest that nutrient addition enhanced environmental filtering, promoting functional trait convergence and species compositional homogenization. However, short-term nutrient addition did not significantly reduce species richness, likely because the regional species pool contains a relatively low proportion of rare species. Overall, nitrogen is the primary limiting nutrient for aboveground biomass in our study area, and nutrient enrichment promotes deterministic assembly by strengthening environmental filtering. These results reveal a trend toward functional convergence under nutrient enrichment and provide theoretical support for biodiversity conservation in alpine grasslands.

Key words: nutrient addition, community assembly, species relative abundance, functional trait, niche overlap, alpine grassland

洪翎桂, 安琦, 张佛军, 任宇飞, 任正炜, 周小龙. 氮磷添加增强天山高寒草地群落构建中确定性过程. 植物生态学报, 2026, 50(4): 883-894. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2025.0347

HONG Ling-Gui, AN Qi, ZHANG Fo-Jun, REN Yu-Fei, REN Zheng-Wei, ZHOU Xiao-Long. Nitrogen and phosphorus addition enhances deterministic processes in community assembly of alpine grasslands in Tianshan Mountains. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2026, 50(4): 883-894. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2025.0347

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链接本文: https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/10.17521/cjpe.2025.0347

https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/Y2026/V50/I4/883

图/表 6

图1 养分添加影响草地群落构建过程的框架图。

Fig. 1 Conceptual framework illustrating the effects of nutrient addition on grassland community assembly processes.

图2 物种相对多度和功能性状之间的线性回归关系。CK, 对照; N, 氮添加; NP, 氮磷混合添加; P, 磷添加。R2和p值通过标准主轴(SMA)回归估算。显著关系标注在右上角。

Fig. 2 Linear regression relationships between species relative abundance and functional traits. CK, control; N, nitrogen addition; NP, combined nitrogen and phosphorus addition; P, phosphorus addition. R2 and p values were estimated using standardized major axis (SMA) regression. Significant relationships are indicated in the top-right corner.

图3 养分添加对天山高寒草地群落Raup-Crick相异性指数的影响(平均值±标准误)。CK, 对照; N, 氮添加; NP, 氮磷混合添加; P, 磷添加。不同小写字母代表处理间差异显著(p < 0.05)。

Fig. 3 Effects of nutrient addition on the Raup-Crick dissimilarity index of alpine grassland communities in Tianshan Mountains (mean ± SE). CK, control; N, nitrogen addition; NP, combined nitrogen and phosphorus addition; P, phosphorus addition. Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences (p < 0.05).

图4 养分添加对天山高寒草地群落功能多样性的影响(平均值±标准误)。CK, 对照; N, 氮添加; NP, 氮磷混合添加; P, 磷添加。不同小写字母代表处理间差异显著(p < 0.05)。

Fig. 4 Effects of nutrient addition on functional diversity of alpine grassland communities in Tianshan Mountains (mean ± SE). CK, control; N, nitrogen addition; NP, combined nitrogen and phosphorus addition; P, phosphorus addition. Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences (p < 0.05).

表1 不同养分添加处理中观测生态位重叠值和零模型模拟生态位重叠值的比较

Table 1 Comparison of observed niche overlap and null model-simulated niche overlap under different nutrient addition treatments

处理 Treatment	观测指数 Observed index	模拟指数 Mean of stimulated index	95%置信区间 95% CI	p
CK	0.944	0.288	0.234-0.388	<0.001
N	0.963	0.302	0.248-0.401	<0.001
P	0.966	0.291	0.227-0.401	<0.001
NP	0.960	0.303	0.239-0.423	<0.001

图5 模拟养分添加后群落构建过程的概念模型。边框大小代表不同群落中物种所占据的功能空间的大小; 不同的图形代表具有不同功能性状的物种。

Fig. 5 Conceptual model illustrating the processes of community assembly under nutrient addition. The borders represent the size of the functional space occupied by species in different communities, and the different shapes denote species with distinct functional traits.

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氮磷添加增强天山高寒草地群落构建中确定性过程

Nitrogen and phosphorus addition enhances deterministic processes in community assembly of alpine grasslands in Tianshan Mountains

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