中国铁坚油杉林的群落类型及特征

doi:10.17521/cjpe.2024.0238

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

铁坚油杉(Keteleeria davidiana)是孑遗植物, 且为我国特有物种, 铁坚油杉林分布于陕西、四川、湖北、湖南、贵州及云南, 具有良好的改良土壤和水源涵养、用材和药用功能。为了对铁坚油杉的种质资源保护与可持续利用提供科学依据, 该研究通过对野外实地调查以铁坚油杉为优势种的群落样方数据进行分析, 基于群落学-生态学分类原则和最新的中国植被分类系统修订方案, 划分群丛组和群丛, 并对每个群丛组和群丛的特征进行描述, 揭示其群落组成及结构。主要结果如下: (1)铁坚油杉林的48个样方, 可划分为铁坚油杉-灌木-草本群丛组、铁坚油杉-草本群丛组和铁坚油杉+阔叶树-草本群丛组, 这3个群丛组可再划分7个群丛: 铁坚油杉-铁仔-贯众群丛(Keteleeria davidiana - Myrsine africana - Cyrtomium fortunei Association)、铁坚油杉-油茶-山麦冬群丛(Keteleeria davidiana - Camellia oleifera - Liriope spicata Association)、铁坚油杉-山麦冬群丛(Keteleeria davidiana - Liriope spicata Association)、铁坚油杉-青绿薹草群丛(Keteleeria davidiana - Carex breviculmis Association)、铁坚油杉-里白群丛(Keteleeria davidiana - Diplopterygium glaucum Association)、铁坚油杉-柳叶箬群丛(Keteleeria davidiana - Isachne globosa Association)和铁坚油杉+枫香树-扁竹兰群丛(Keteleeria davidiana + Liquidambar formosana - Iris confusa Association)。(2)在铁坚油杉-灌木-草本群丛组和铁坚油杉-草本群丛组中乔木层以铁坚油杉为唯一优势种。(3)在调查的铁坚油杉林的群落中灌木层内铁坚油杉的幼树幼苗较多, 更新良好。该研究提供了所有样方的调查原始数据并注明已有数据来源。

关键词: 常绿针叶林, 群落结构, 物种组成, 群丛组, 群丛

Abstract:

Keteleeria davidiana is a relict and endemic species found in China, and K. davidiana forests are distributed in Shaanxi, Sichuan, Hubei, Hunan, Guizhou and Yunnan. These forests play important roles in soil improvement, water conservation, material and medicinal functions. To provide a scientific basis for the conservation and sustainable utilization of K. davidiana germplasm resources, we obtained data from 48 forest plots where K. davidiana is the primary dominant species through field investigations. Based on the principles of community-ecological classification and the latest revision of the Chinese vegetation classification system, we classified the forests into Association Groups and Associations, and described the characteristics of each Association Group and Association, highlighting their community composition and structure. The main results are as follows: (1) We classified the 48 plots into 3 Association Groups, including K. davidiana - Shrub - Herb Association Group, K. davidiana - Herb Association Group and K. davidiana + broadleaf tree - Herb Association Group, and these three Association Groups were further divided into 7 Associations, including K. davidiana - Myrsine africana - Cyrtomium fortunei Association, K. davidiana - Camellia oleifera - Liriope spicata Association, K. davidiana - L. spicata Association, K. davidiana - Carex breviculmis Association, K. davidiana - Diplopterygium glaucum Association, K. davidiana - Isachne globosa Association, K. davidiana + Liquidambar formosana - Iris confusa Association. (2) In both the K. davidiana - Shrub - Herb Association Group and the K. davidiana - Herb Association Group, K. davidiana was the sole dominant species in the arbor layer. (3) In the surveyed K. davidiana forest, a significant number of young K. davidiana trees were present in the shrub layer, indicating good regeneration. In this study, we provide the original survey data of all plots and specify the sources of existing data.

Key words: evergreen needleleaf forest, community structure, species composition, association group, association

何斌, 韩鹏宾, 唐勤. 中国铁坚油杉林的群落类型及特征. 植物生态学报, 2025, 49(6): 833-839. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2024.0238

HE Bin, HAN Peng-Bin, TANG Cindy Q.. Community types and characteristics of Keteleeria davidiana forests in China. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2025, 49(6): 833-839. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2024.0238

导出引用管理器 EndNote|Ris|BibTeX

链接本文: https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/10.17521/cjpe.2024.0238

https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/Y2025/V49/I6/833

图/表 2

参考文献 6

[1]	Chuan HY, Jia DR, Pu J, Zhang CP, Li SY, Zhou YQ (2021). Structural characteristics of Keteleeria davidiana forest communities in Xinping, Yunnan. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 45, 207-212.
	[钏会艳, 贾东瑞, 浦江, 张翠萍, 李淑英, 周元清 (2021). 云南新平铁坚油杉森林群落结构特征. 植物生态学报, 45, 207-212.]
[2]	Fu LG, Li N, Robert RM (1999). Pinaceae//Wu ZY, Raven PH, Hong DY. Flora of China: Vol. 4. Science Press, Beijing.
[3]	Wang GH, Fang JY, Guo K, Xie ZQ, Tang ZY, Shen ZH, Wang RQ, Wang XP, Wang DL, Qiang S, Yu D, Peng SL, Da LJ, Liu Q, Liang CZ (2020). Contents and protocols for the classification and description of Vegetation Formations, Alliances and Associations of vegetation of China. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 44, 128-178. DOI
	[王国宏, 方精云, 郭柯, 谢宗强, 唐志尧, 沈泽昊, 王仁卿, 王襄平, 王德利, 强胜, 于丹, 彭少麟, 达良俊, 刘庆, 梁存柱 (2020). 《中国植被志》编研内容与规范. 植物生态学报, 44, 128-178.] DOI
[4]	Wang GH, Guo K, Xie ZQ, Tang ZY, Jiang YL, Fang JY (2022). Interpretations, supplements, and modifications of some protocols for compiling Vegegraphy of China. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 46, 368-372. DOI
	[王国宏, 郭柯, 谢宗强, 唐志尧, 蒋延玲, 方精云 (2022). 《中国植被志》研编规范的若干说明、补充与修订. 植物生态学报, 46, 368-372.] DOI
[5]	Wu JR (1982). Endemic and precious tree species of China—Keteleeria pubescens. Forestry Science and Technology of Hunan Province, (3), 17-23.
	[伍家荣 (1982). 我国特有珍贵树种——柔毛油杉. 湖南林业科技, (3), 17-23.]
[6]	Zuo JB (1989). Fuzzy analysis of the relationship between distribution type and floristic zoning of Keteleeria of China. Journal of Central-South Forestry College, (2), 199-205.
	[左家哺 (1989). 中国油杉属分布型与植物区系分区关系的模糊分析. 中南林学院学报, (2), 199-205.]

植被型 Vegetation Formation	植被亚型 Vegetation Sub-formation	群丛组/群丛 Association group/Association	凭证样方数量 Number of plots
常绿针叶林 Evergreen Needleleaf Forest	暖性常绿针叶林 Subtropical Evergreen Needleleaf Forest	I 铁坚油杉-灌木-草本群丛组 Keteleeria davidiana - Shrub - Herb Association Group
		I1 铁坚油杉-铁仔-贯众群丛 Keteleeria davidiana - Myrsine africana - Cyrtomium fortunei Association	10
		I2 铁坚油杉-油茶-山麦冬群丛 Keteleeria davidiana - Camellia oleifera - Liriope spicata Association	6
常绿针叶林 Evergreen Needleleaf Forest	暖性常绿针叶林 Subtropical Evergreen Needleleaf Forest	II 铁坚油杉-草本群丛组 Keteleeria davidiana - Herb Association Group
		II1 铁坚油杉-山麦冬群丛 Keteleeria davidiana - Liriope spicata Association	12
		II2 铁坚油杉-青绿薹草群丛 Keteleeria davidiana - Carex breviculmis Association	4
		II3 铁坚油杉-里白群丛 Keteleeria davidiana - Diplopterygium glaucum Association	4
		II4 铁坚油杉-柳叶箬群丛 Keteleeria davidiana - Isachne globosa Association	8
针叶与阔叶混交林 Mixed Needleleaf and Broadleaf Forests	暖性针叶与阔叶混交林 Subtropical Mixed Needleleaf and Broadleaf Forest	III 铁坚油杉+阔叶树-草本群丛组 Keteleeria davidiana + Broadleaf tree - Herb Association Group
针叶与阔叶混交林 Mixed Needleleaf and Broadleaf Forests		III1 铁坚油杉+枫香树-扁竹兰群丛 Keteleeria davidiana + Liquidambar formosana - Iris confusa Association	4

植被型 Vegetation Formation	植被亚型 Vegetation Sub-formation	群丛组/群丛 Association group/Association	凭证样方数量 Number of plots
常绿针叶林 Evergreen Needleleaf Forest	暖性常绿针叶林 Subtropical Evergreen Needleleaf Forest	I 铁坚油杉-灌木-草本群丛组 Keteleeria davidiana - Shrub - Herb Association Group
		I1 铁坚油杉-铁仔-贯众群丛 Keteleeria davidiana - Myrsine africana - Cyrtomium fortunei Association	10
		I2 铁坚油杉-油茶-山麦冬群丛 Keteleeria davidiana - Camellia oleifera - Liriope spicata Association	6
常绿针叶林 Evergreen Needleleaf Forest	暖性常绿针叶林 Subtropical Evergreen Needleleaf Forest	II 铁坚油杉-草本群丛组 Keteleeria davidiana - Herb Association Group
		II1 铁坚油杉-山麦冬群丛 Keteleeria davidiana - Liriope spicata Association	12
		II2 铁坚油杉-青绿薹草群丛 Keteleeria davidiana - Carex breviculmis Association	4
		II3 铁坚油杉-里白群丛 Keteleeria davidiana - Diplopterygium glaucum Association	4
		II4 铁坚油杉-柳叶箬群丛 Keteleeria davidiana - Isachne globosa Association	8
针叶与阔叶混交林 Mixed Needleleaf and Broadleaf Forests	暖性针叶与阔叶混交林 Subtropical Mixed Needleleaf and Broadleaf Forest	III 铁坚油杉+阔叶树-草本群丛组 Keteleeria davidiana + Broadleaf tree - Herb Association Group
针叶与阔叶混交林 Mixed Needleleaf and Broadleaf Forests		III1 铁坚油杉+枫香树-扁竹兰群丛 Keteleeria davidiana + Liquidambar formosana - Iris confusa Association	4

[1]	刘世忠, 张倩媚, 张德强, 刘菊秀, 褚国伟, 李跃林. 1999-2015年鼎湖山季风常绿阔叶林长期监测样地的植物物种组成和群落特征数据集[J]. 植物生态学报, 2025, 49(典型生态系统数据集): 0-.
[2]	周志琼, 丁建林, 李晓明, 何其华. 2005–2010年西南山地人工林生物长期监测样地的植物物种组成与群落特征数据集[J]. 植物生态学报, 2025, 49(典型生态系统数据集): 1-.
[3]	徐志雄, 杞金华, 杨国平, 鲁志云, 杨效东, 范泽鑫. 2005和2010年哀牢山中山湿性常绿阔叶林长期监测样地的物种组成和群落特征数据集[J]. 植物生态学报, 2025, 49(典型生态系统数据集): 1-.
[4]	饶兴权蔡锡安林永标刘素萍. 2005-2015年鹤山站马占相思林长期监测样地的物种组成和群落特征数据集[J]. 植物生态学报, 2025, 49(典型生态系统数据集): 1-0.
[5]	赵常明, 熊高明, 申国珍, 葛结林, 徐文婷, 徐凯, 武元帅, 谢宗强. 神农架常绿落叶阔叶混交林和亚高山针叶林植物群落特征数据集[J]. 植物生态学报, 2025, 49(典型生态系统数据集): 0-.
[6]	白帆, 王杨. 2007–2015年北京东灵山暖温带落叶阔叶林长期监测样地植物物种组成和群落特征数据集[J]. 植物生态学报, 2025, 49(典型生态系统数据集): 1-.
[7]	蔡榕榕, 沈历都, 刘雅各, 费雯丽, 戴冠华. 2005-2010年长白山阔叶红松林长期监测样地的物种组成和群落特征数据集[J]. 植物生态学报, 2025, 49(典型生态系统数据集): 1-.
[8]	郑立媛, 徐茜竹, 尹嘉淇, 孙小雯, 王艳. 沈阳城郊近河农田退耕地野大豆群落生态位和种间联结研究[J]. 植物生态学报, 2025, 49(濒危植物的保护与恢复): 1-.
[9]	韦丹丹, 杜燕, 包维楷, 胡斌, 张瀚曰, 王瀚婕, 唐圆圆, 黄龙, 郭昌安, 刘鑫. 冬麻豆群落的地理分布、特征和分类[J]. 植物生态学报, 2025, 49(濒危植物的保护与恢复): 1-.
[10]	杜燕, 刘鑫, 张瀚曰, 马少伟, 包维楷. 中国高山松群系的群落特征[J]. 植物生态学报, 2025, 49(6): 816-824.
[11]	韩鹏宾, 何斌, 陆树刚, 唐勤. 中国柔毛油杉林的群落类型及特征[J]. 植物生态学报, 2025, 49(6): 825-832.
[12]	韩鹏宾, 裴康迪, 何斌, 肖书礼, 唐勤. 中国云南铁杉林的群落组成及特征[J]. 植物生态学报, 2025, 49(6): 840-851.
[13]	张坤, 伊丽晴, 刘占军, 张志杰, 王顼, 李明乐, 苗百岭, 张景慧, 李智勇, 董雷, 梁存柱. 毛刺锦鸡儿群落特征及分类[J]. 植物生态学报, 2025, 49(6): 888-896.
[14]	熊高明, 申国珍, 赵常明, 徐文婷, 王杨, 谢宗强, 李家湘, 徐耀粘, 李跃林, 陈芳清. 中国檵木灌丛植被类型及群落特征[J]. 植物生态学报, 2025, 49(6): 875-887.
[15]	李家湘, 刘文倩, 蒋国平, 赵丽娟, 徐永福, 吴磊, 喻勋林. 植被科学画符号系统设计和标准化绘图范式——以森林群落剖面图为例[J]. 植物生态学报, 2025, 49(6): 897-910.