常绿阔叶林中栲树展叶期叶片的虫食格局

doi:10.3773/j.issn.1005-264x.2009.05.011

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

叶片的虫食主要发生在展叶期。虽然展叶期短暂, 它却可能是了解植食性昆虫和植物之间相互关系的关键。为了解栲树(Castanopsis fargesii)在展叶期叶片的虫食格局和展叶方式对叶片虫食的影响, 研究了栲树展叶期内的虫食动态变化, 结果表明: 栲树展叶的两个阶段(折叠期和打开期), 虫食叶片的格局存在较大的差异, 打开阶段的日虫食频度和日虫食率显著高于折叠阶段(F_{1, 32}=8.97, p=0.005 4; F_{1, 32}=12.38, p=0.001 4), 展叶期最终叶片虫食频度为50.72%, 叶片虫食率为8.25%。折叠期叶片主要受到低强度的虫食, 打开期叶片虫食则以较大强度的虫食为主。展叶期叶片的虫食主要发生在夜间, 夜间虫食率显著高于日间虫食率(t=2.51, p=0.017), 变化趋势与日虫食率一致。栲树叶片在展叶的两个阶段可能采用了不同的防御对策。

关键词: 栲树, 幼叶, 展叶, 虫食

Abstract:

Aims The majority of damage by herbivores occurs during the leaf expansion period, yet the pattern of leaf damage and its influence are poorly known. Our objective is to measure damage throughout leaf expansion to understand the herbivory pattern and the defense strategy for young leaves of Castanopsis fargesii.
Methods We examined variation of leaf area and specific leaf weight (SLW) and measured herbivory frequency and herbivory rate dynamics twice a day during leaf expansion of 35 seedlings of C. fargesii in Tiantong National Forestry Park, eastern China.
Important findings Leaf herbivory frequency and herbivory rate on young leaves in the unfolded stage were significantly higher than in the folded stage (F_{1, 32}=8.97, p=0.005 4; F_{1, 32}=12.38, p=0.001 4). Herbivory in the folded stage consisted of a large amount of low proportion herbivory, while leaves in the folded stage mainly had high proportion herbivory. Leaves were intensively grazed at night (t=2.51, p=0.017), which accounted for about 85% of the total leaf herbivory. Young leaves of C. fargesii might follow different strategies in the two expansion stages.

Key words: Castanopsis fargesii, young leaves, leaf expansion, herbivory

刘志国, 蔡永立, 李恺, 杨乐, 孙灿. 常绿阔叶林中栲树展叶期叶片的虫食格局. 植物生态学报, 2009, 33(5): 919-925. DOI: 10.3773/j.issn.1005-264x.2009.05.011

LIU Zhi-Guo, CAI Yong-Li, LI Kai, YANG Le, SUN Can. INSECT HERBIVORY PATTERNS ON LEAVES OF CASTANOPSIS FARGESII DURING LEAF EXPANSION IN EVERGREEN BROAD-LEAVED FOREST IN EASTERN CHINA. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2009, 33(5): 919-925. DOI: 10.3773/j.issn.1005-264x.2009.05.011

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链接本文: https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/10.3773/j.issn.1005-264x.2009.05.011

https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/Y2009/V33/I5/919

图/表 7

图1 栲树展叶的两个阶段 A: 折叠期, 叶片呈折叠状 The folded stage of C. fargesii leaves. The leaves fold up along main veins B: 打开期, 叶片完全打开 The unfolded stage of C. fargesii leaves. The leaves are completely unfolded

Fig. 1 Two stages of leaf expansion in Castanopsis fargesii

图2 栲树展叶期叶片的生长动态误差棒表示平均值的标准误差 Vertical bars represent ± SE of mean values

Fig. 2 Dynamics of leaf growth in Castanopsis fargesii during the leaf expansion period

图3 栲树展叶期比叶重变化动态图注同图2 Notes see Fig. 2

Fig. 3 Dynamics of the specific leaf weight (SLW) of Castanopsis fargesii during the leaf expansion period

图4 栲树展叶期叶片日虫食频度(a)和累积虫食频度(b)的动态变化图注同图2 Notes see Fig. 2

Fig. 4 Dynamics of daily herbivory frequency (a) and cumulative herbivory frequency (b) of Castanopsis fargesii leaves during the leaf expansion period

图5 栲树展叶期叶片日虫食率(a)和累积虫食率(b)的动态变化图注同图2 Notes see Fig. 2

Fig. 5 Daily herbivory rate (a) and cumulative herbivory rate (b) in leaves of Castanopsis fargesii during the leaf expansion period

表1 不同展叶阶段叶片虫食结构比较

Table 1 Comparison of leaf herbivory between two stages of leaf expansion

虫食率 Herbivory rate (%)	折叠期 Folded leaf stage		打开期 Unfolded leaf stage
虫食率 Herbivory rate (%)	被食叶片数 No. of leaves grazed	比例 Proportion (%)	被食叶片数 No. of leaves grazed	比例 Proportion (%)
<25	146	73.74	114	32.02
26~50	10	5.05	52	14.61
51~75	0	0	36	10.11
>76	42	21.21	154	43.26
合计 Total	198	100.00	356	100.00

图6 栲树展叶期昼(□)夜(■)虫食率变化动态图注同图2 Notes see Fig. 2

Fig. 6 Herbivory rates in day (□) and night (■) in leaves of Castanopsis fargesii during the leaf expansion period

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