植物生态学报 ›› 2013, Vol. 37 ›› Issue (3): 220-229.DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1258.2013.00022
夏洋洁1, 唐坚强1, 张光富1,*(), 黄超1, 蒙凤群2, 孙书存2
发布日期:
2014-02-12
通讯作者:
张光富
作者简介:
E-mail: zhangguangfu@njnu.edu.cn基金资助:
XIA Yang-Jie1, TANG Jian-Qiang1, ZHANG Guang-Fu1,*(), HUANG Chao1, MENG Feng-Qun2, SUN Shu-Cun2
Published:
2014-02-12
Contact:
ZHANG Guang-Fu
摘要:
中国东部亚热带常绿阔叶林中, 部分常绿木本物种具有明显的二次抽枝现象, 即在春天完成第一次抽枝, 间隔一定的时间后又开始新一轮抽枝。但是关于这些植物第二次抽枝的进程, 迄今鲜有报道, 限制了人们对这些植物生活史对策的理解。该文以浙江天童常绿阔叶林中有二次抽枝的5种植物光叶山矾(Symplocos lancifolia)、檵木(Loropetalum chinense)、窄基红褐柃(Eurya rubiginosa var. attenuata)、杨梅(Myrica rubra)和栲树(Castanopsis fargesii)为研究对象, 调查并比较了第一次抽枝和第二次抽枝在昆虫取食压力、展叶动态和小枝投资大小3个方面的差异, 探讨第二次抽枝动态的主要特点。结果表明: 1)昆虫取食压力上, 杨梅、栲树2种植物第二次抽枝的叶片虫食率显著高于第一次抽枝, 光叶山矾、檵木和窄基红褐柃3种植物第一、二次抽枝的叶片虫食率没有差异; 2)在现叶速率(叶片数量的增加速率)上, 同一物种第一、二次抽枝的叶片数量增长模式相同, 光叶山矾、檵木、窄基红褐柃和杨梅4个物种呈持续式增长, 栲树则呈爆发式增长, 但是完成现叶所需时间并不完全相同, 光叶山矾、窄基红褐柃和杨梅第二次抽枝完成现叶比第一次少6-9天, 檵木和栲树第一、二次抽枝完成现叶所需时间则无差异; 3)在展叶速率上, 光叶山矾、檵木和窄基红褐柃第二次抽枝显著高于第一次抽枝, 但第一次抽枝较晚的杨梅和栲树第一、二次抽枝之间没有差异; 4)调查的5种植物, 第二次抽枝的投资总量均小于第一次抽枝, 光叶山矾、窄基红褐柃、杨梅和栲树4种植物, 第二次抽枝形成的小枝在叶片数量、单叶面积、小枝长度和小枝直径上都显著小于第一次抽枝, 檵木第二次抽枝形成的小枝在叶片数量和小枝长度上没有差异, 单叶面积和小枝直径则显著小于第一次抽枝。总体上看, 所研究物种第二次抽枝中的叶片虫食率、现叶速率和展叶速率都不小于第一次抽枝, 而第二次抽枝小枝投资总量较小, 这些可能是物种对相对较大的昆虫取食压力和即将来临的冬天不利条件等的适应。
夏洋洁, 唐坚强, 张光富, 黄超, 蒙凤群, 孙书存. 浙江天童国家森林公园5种常绿阔叶植物的一次和二次抽枝进程. 植物生态学报, 2013, 37(3): 220-229. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1258.2013.00022
XIA Yang-Jie, TANG Jian-Qiang, ZHANG Guang-Fu, HUANG Chao, MENG Feng-Qun, SUN Shu-Cun. First and second sets of shoots in five evergreen woody species from Tiantong National Forest Park of Zhejiang, China. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2013, 37(3): 220-229. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1258.2013.00022
物种 Species | 第一次抽枝 First set shoots (%) | 第二次抽枝 Second set shoots (%) | p |
---|---|---|---|
光叶山矾 Symplocos lancifolia (20) | 20.43 ± 2.44 | 15.52 ± 3.01 | 0.209 |
檵木 Loropetalum chinense (15) | 9.59 ± 2.00 | 5.74 ± 2.00 | 0.163 |
窄基红褐柃 Eurya rubiginosa var. attenuata (10) | 3.92 ± 2.70 | 4.17 ± 4.11 | 0.962 |
杨梅 Myrica rubra (13) | 5.47 ± 1.05 | 44.86 ± 7.37 | <0.001 |
栲树 Castanopsis fargesii (13) | 40.70 ± 4.03 | 56.79 ± 4.53 | <0.050 |
表1 第一、二次抽枝叶片虫食率的比较(平均值±标准误差)
Table 1 Comparison of leaf herbivory rate between the first and second sets of shoots (mean ± SE)
物种 Species | 第一次抽枝 First set shoots (%) | 第二次抽枝 Second set shoots (%) | p |
---|---|---|---|
光叶山矾 Symplocos lancifolia (20) | 20.43 ± 2.44 | 15.52 ± 3.01 | 0.209 |
檵木 Loropetalum chinense (15) | 9.59 ± 2.00 | 5.74 ± 2.00 | 0.163 |
窄基红褐柃 Eurya rubiginosa var. attenuata (10) | 3.92 ± 2.70 | 4.17 ± 4.11 | 0.962 |
杨梅 Myrica rubra (13) | 5.47 ± 1.05 | 44.86 ± 7.37 | <0.001 |
栲树 Castanopsis fargesii (13) | 40.70 ± 4.03 | 56.79 ± 4.53 | <0.050 |
栲树 Castanopsis fargesii | 杨梅 Myrica rubra | 檵木 Loropetalum chinense | 光叶山矾 Symplocos lancifolia | 窄基红褐柃 Eurya rubiginosa var. attenuata | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
栲树 Castanopsis fargesii | 0.000** | 0.000** | 0.000** | 0.000** | |
杨梅 Myrica rubra | 0.423 | 0.418 | 0.001** | 0.000** | |
檵木 Loropetalum chinense | 0.000** | 0.000** | 0.009* | 0.453 | |
光叶山矾 Symplocos lancifolia | 0.000** | 0.000** | 0.095 | 0.043* | |
窄基红褐柃 Eurya rubiginosa var. attenuata | 0.000** | 0.000** | 0.521 | 0.023* |
表2 5种植物第一、二次抽枝叶片虫食率的种间比较
Table 2 Comparison of leaf herbivory rates among five plant species for the first and second sets of shoots, respectively
栲树 Castanopsis fargesii | 杨梅 Myrica rubra | 檵木 Loropetalum chinense | 光叶山矾 Symplocos lancifolia | 窄基红褐柃 Eurya rubiginosa var. attenuata | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
栲树 Castanopsis fargesii | 0.000** | 0.000** | 0.000** | 0.000** | |
杨梅 Myrica rubra | 0.423 | 0.418 | 0.001** | 0.000** | |
檵木 Loropetalum chinense | 0.000** | 0.000** | 0.009* | 0.453 | |
光叶山矾 Symplocos lancifolia | 0.000** | 0.000** | 0.095 | 0.043* | |
窄基红褐柃 Eurya rubiginosa var. attenuata | 0.000** | 0.000** | 0.521 | 0.023* |
图1 第一、二次抽枝叶片数量动态(平均值±标准误差)。空心圆为第一次抽枝, 实心圆为第二次抽枝。儒略日为距离2011年1月1日的天数。A, 光叶山矾。B, 檵木。C, 窄基红褐柃。D, 杨梅。E, 栲树。
Fig. 1 Dynamics of leaf number in both the first (open circle) and second sets of shoots (filled circle) (mean ± SE). Julian day means the number of days from January 1, 2011. A, Symplocos lancifolia; B, Loropetalum chinense; C, Eurya rubiginosa var. attenuata; D, Myrica rubra; E, Castanopsis fargesii.
物种 Species | 抽枝批次 Batch of shooting | 相对生长速率 Relative growth rate (cm2·d-1) | 展叶开始时间 Beginning time of leaf expansion (d) | 展叶持续时间 Duration of leaf expansion (d) | R2 | p |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
光叶山矾 Symplocos lancifolia | I | 0.155 ± 0.009b | 110 ± 2 | 29 ± 2a | 0.864-0.933 | <0.001 |
II | 0.201 ± 0.009a | 231 ± 1 | 22 ± 2b | 0.371-0.497 | <0.001 | |
檵木 Loropetalum chinense | I | 0.205 ± 0.015a | 113 ± 1 | 21 ± 1a | 0.797-0.939 | <0.001 |
II | 0.259 ± 0.015a | 212 ± 1 | 17 ± 1a | 0.319-0.518 | <0.001 | |
窄基红褐柃 Eurya rubiginosa var.attenuata | I | 0.150 ± 0.012b | 95 ± 1 | 29 ± 1a | 0.756-0.932 | <0.001 |
II | 0.207 ± 0.012a | 258 ± 1 | 21 ± 1b | 0.443-0.847 | <0.001 | |
杨梅 Myrica rubra | I | 0.244 ± 0.019a | 129 ± 1 | 18 ± 2a | 0.825-0.930 | <0.010 |
II | 0.198 ± 0.019a | 255 ± 3 | 22 ± 2a | 0.592-0.717 | <0.001 | |
栲树 Castanopsis fargesii | I | 0.274 ± 0.017a | 135 ± 3 | 16 ± 2a | 0.699-0.888 | <0.001 |
II | 0.213 ± 0.017a | 263 ± 1 | 21 ± 2a | 0.636-0.937 | <0.001 |
表3 第一、二次抽枝相对生长速率、展叶开始时间和展叶持续时间的比较(平均值±标准误差)
Table 3 Comparison of relative growth rate, beginning time of leaf expansion and duration of leaf expansion between the first and second sets of shoots (mean ± SE)
物种 Species | 抽枝批次 Batch of shooting | 相对生长速率 Relative growth rate (cm2·d-1) | 展叶开始时间 Beginning time of leaf expansion (d) | 展叶持续时间 Duration of leaf expansion (d) | R2 | p |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
光叶山矾 Symplocos lancifolia | I | 0.155 ± 0.009b | 110 ± 2 | 29 ± 2a | 0.864-0.933 | <0.001 |
II | 0.201 ± 0.009a | 231 ± 1 | 22 ± 2b | 0.371-0.497 | <0.001 | |
檵木 Loropetalum chinense | I | 0.205 ± 0.015a | 113 ± 1 | 21 ± 1a | 0.797-0.939 | <0.001 |
II | 0.259 ± 0.015a | 212 ± 1 | 17 ± 1a | 0.319-0.518 | <0.001 | |
窄基红褐柃 Eurya rubiginosa var.attenuata | I | 0.150 ± 0.012b | 95 ± 1 | 29 ± 1a | 0.756-0.932 | <0.001 |
II | 0.207 ± 0.012a | 258 ± 1 | 21 ± 1b | 0.443-0.847 | <0.001 | |
杨梅 Myrica rubra | I | 0.244 ± 0.019a | 129 ± 1 | 18 ± 2a | 0.825-0.930 | <0.010 |
II | 0.198 ± 0.019a | 255 ± 3 | 22 ± 2a | 0.592-0.717 | <0.001 | |
栲树 Castanopsis fargesii | I | 0.274 ± 0.017a | 135 ± 3 | 16 ± 2a | 0.699-0.888 | <0.001 |
II | 0.213 ± 0.017a | 263 ± 1 | 21 ± 2a | 0.636-0.937 | <0.001 |
物种 Species | 抽枝批次 Batch of shooting | 叶片数量 Leaf number | 单叶面积 Individual leaf area (mm2) | 小枝长度 Length of twig (mm) | 小枝直径 Diameter of twig (mm) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
光叶山矾 Symplocos lancifolia | I | 6.75 ± 0.26A | 778.44 ± 30.24A | 90.49 ± 3.69A | 1.34 ± 0.04A |
II | 6.02 ± 0.26B | 475.18 ± 30.24B | 58.11 ± 3.97B | 0.99 ± 0.03B | |
檵木 Loropetalum chinense | I | 5.82 ± 0.23a | 926.65 ± 26.16A | 92.60 ± 6.47a | 1.46 ± 0.05A |
II | 6.73 ± 0.53a | 464.59 ± 29.44B | 103.56 ± 13.97a | 0.96 ± 0.05B | |
窄基红褐柃 Eurya rubiginosa var. attenuata | I | 3.07 ± 0.12a | 1 235.96 ± 82.86A | 52.46 ± 20.19A | 1.54 ± 0.05A |
II | 2.8 ± 0.21a | 570.33 ± 82.70B | 20.19 ± 5.95B | 1.22 ± 0.05B | |
杨梅 Myrica rubra | I | 17.08 ± 0.89A | 665.91 ± 73.19a | 79.62 ± 4.71A | 2.69 ± 0.07A |
II | 10.04 ± 0.81B | 663.57 ± 80.92a | 21.18 ± 2.07B | 2.01 ± 0.07B | |
栲树 Castanopsis fargesii | I | 6.43 ± 0.35A | 1647.93 ± 95.32A | 141.28 ± 3.59A | 1.82 ± 0.04A |
II | 4.20 ± 0.24B | 1267.02 ± 75.53B | 57.25 ± 2.06B | 1.27 ± 0.03B |
表4 第一、二次抽枝小枝叶片数量、单叶面积、小枝长度和小枝直径比较
Table 4 Comparison of leaf number, individual leaf area, length of twig, and diameter of twig for both the first and second sets of shoots
物种 Species | 抽枝批次 Batch of shooting | 叶片数量 Leaf number | 单叶面积 Individual leaf area (mm2) | 小枝长度 Length of twig (mm) | 小枝直径 Diameter of twig (mm) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
光叶山矾 Symplocos lancifolia | I | 6.75 ± 0.26A | 778.44 ± 30.24A | 90.49 ± 3.69A | 1.34 ± 0.04A |
II | 6.02 ± 0.26B | 475.18 ± 30.24B | 58.11 ± 3.97B | 0.99 ± 0.03B | |
檵木 Loropetalum chinense | I | 5.82 ± 0.23a | 926.65 ± 26.16A | 92.60 ± 6.47a | 1.46 ± 0.05A |
II | 6.73 ± 0.53a | 464.59 ± 29.44B | 103.56 ± 13.97a | 0.96 ± 0.05B | |
窄基红褐柃 Eurya rubiginosa var. attenuata | I | 3.07 ± 0.12a | 1 235.96 ± 82.86A | 52.46 ± 20.19A | 1.54 ± 0.05A |
II | 2.8 ± 0.21a | 570.33 ± 82.70B | 20.19 ± 5.95B | 1.22 ± 0.05B | |
杨梅 Myrica rubra | I | 17.08 ± 0.89A | 665.91 ± 73.19a | 79.62 ± 4.71A | 2.69 ± 0.07A |
II | 10.04 ± 0.81B | 663.57 ± 80.92a | 21.18 ± 2.07B | 2.01 ± 0.07B | |
栲树 Castanopsis fargesii | I | 6.43 ± 0.35A | 1647.93 ± 95.32A | 141.28 ± 3.59A | 1.82 ± 0.04A |
II | 4.20 ± 0.24B | 1267.02 ± 75.53B | 57.25 ± 2.06B | 1.27 ± 0.03B |
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