毛竹种群向常绿阔叶林扩张的细根策略

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1258.2013.00023

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为了探讨毛竹(Phyllostachys pubescens)种群向常绿阔叶林扩张的根系策略, 该文采用根钻法和内生长法, 在江西大岗山选取毛竹林与阔叶林的交错区——竹阔界面(bamboo-broad-leaved forest interface), 并垂直于界面连续设置毛竹林、毛竹与阔叶树的混交林(以下简称为竹阔混交林)、常绿阔叶林3种样地, 比较分析其细根的空间分布格局、比根长、根长密度、生长速率和周转率等指标。结果表明: 毛竹林细根生物量(1201.60 g·m^-2) >竹阔混交林(601.18 g·m ^-2) >常绿阔叶林(204.88 g·m ^-2); 在毛竹与阔叶树竞争的混交林中, 毛竹细根分布趋向于上层土壤(与毛竹林细根相比), 且其比根长也显著增加, 平均增幅高达123.42%, 总根长密度比阔叶树大2.1倍; 同时, 毛竹细根生长速率和周转率均高于阔叶树。这些结果说明毛竹可通过广布、精准、灵活、快速等细根竞争策略, 提高资源获取能力, 实现种群扩张。

关键词: 大岗山, 常绿阔叶林, 毛竹种群扩张, 细根策略

Abstract:

Aims Roots, particularly fine roots, play an important role in interspecies competition. Our objective was to study the spatial distribution, morphological characteristics and growth rates of fine roots in both bamboo (Phyllostachys pubescens) and broad-leaved trees to better understand the mechanisms of expansion of bamboo into evergreen broad-leaved forest.

Methods We continuously sampled P. pubescens forest (PPF), bamboo-broad-leaved mixed forest (BMF) and evergreen broad-leaved forest (EBF) perpendicular to a bamboo-broad-leaved forest interface on Dagang Mountain, Jiangxi Province, China. The live fine root biomass, specific root length (SRL), root length density (RLD), fine root growth and turnover rates were comparatively analyzed by soil core and ingrowth methods.

Important findings Fine root biomass of PPF (1201.60 g·m^-2) was much larger than that of BMF (601.18 g·m^-2) and EBF (204.88 g·m^-2). Vertical stratification of bamboo fine roots in BMF was found to shift from lower to upper soil layers, SRL of bamboo significantly increased by 123.42% and average RLD of bamboo was 210.0% greater than that of broad-leaved trees. In addition, both growth and turnover rates of bamboo fine roots were faster than those of trees. Findings indicated that P. pubescens, with wide, precise, flexible and fast nutrient access and space-occupation abilities, would outcompete trees belowground, resulting in expansion of its population into evergreen broad-leaved forest.

Key words: Dagang Mountain, evergreen broad-leaved forest, expansion of Phyllostachys pubescens population, fine root strategy

刘骏, 杨清培, 宋庆妮, 余定坤, 杨光耀, 祁红艳, 施建敏. 毛竹种群向常绿阔叶林扩张的细根策略. 植物生态学报, 2013, 37(3): 230-238. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1258.2013.00023

LIU Jun, YANG Qing-Pei, SONG Qing-Ni, YU Ding-Kun, YANG Guang-Yao, QI Hong-Yan, SHI Jian-Min. Strategy of fine root expansion of Phyllostachys pubescens population into evergreen broad- leaved forest. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2013, 37(3): 230-238. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1258.2013.00023

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链接本文: https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/10.3724/SP.J.1258.2013.00023

https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/Y2013/V37/I3/230

图/表 9

表1 试验地竹阔界面3种林分特征(平均值±标准误差)

Table 1 Characteristics of three forest stands at bamboo-broad-leaved forest interface in experimental area (mean ± SE)

林分 Stand	植物高度 Plant hight (m)	胸径 DBH (cm)	密度 Density (ind.·hm^-2)
毛竹林 PPF	13.83 ± 1.72	10.07 ± 1.76	5 100
竹阔混交林 BMF	12.66 ± 1.53	9.45 ± 1.27	2 100
竹阔混交林 BMF	14.37 ± 2.72	16.30 ± 13.43	1 800
常绿阔叶林 EBF	14.95 ± 2.74	17.76 ± 9.35	1 078

表2 试验地竹阔界面不同林分细根生物量的方差分析

Table 2 Analysis of variance (ANOVA) of fine root biomass in different forest stands at bamboo-broad-leaved forest interface in experimental area

因子 Factor	df	MS	F	p
林分 Stand	2	11.139	165.811	<0.001^***
季节 Season	3	0.009	0.141	0.935
土壤层次 Soil layer	2	7.731	115.083	<0.001^***
林分×季节 Stand × season	6	0.096	1.425	0.209
林分×土壤层次 Stand × soil layer	4	0.156	2.315	0.060
季节×土壤层次 Season × soil layer 林分×季节×层次 Stand × season × soil layer 误差 Error	6 12 144	0.072 0.033 0.067	1.077 0.496	0.379 0.915

图1 试验地垂直于竹阔界面的3种林分3个土壤层次(0-20, 20-40, 40-60 cm)中细根生物量比较(平均值±标准误差)。不同字母表示同一土壤层次林分间细根生物量差异显著(p < 0.05, 最小显著差数法)。

Fig. 1 Comparison of fine root biomass in three soil layers (0-20, 20-40, 40-60 cm) of three forest stands perpendicular to bamboo-broad-leaved forest interface in experimental area (mean ± SE). Different letters indicate signi?cant difference among fine root biomass in the same soil layers at different forest stands (p < 0.05, least significant difference, LSD). BMF, bamboo and broad-leaved mixed forest; EBF, evergreen broad-leaved forest; PPF, Phyllostachys pubescens forest.

图2 试验地竹阔竞争引起毛竹(A)与阔叶树(B)细根生物量垂直空间分布格局变化(平均值±标准误差)。不同小写字母表示同一土层中毛竹或阔叶树在竞争前后细根生物量比例差异显著(p < 0.05, 方差分析)。

Fig. 2 Variation in vertical distribution pattern of fine root biomass of Phyllostachys pubescens (A) and broad-leaved trees (B) when they competed in experimental area (mean ± SE). Different lowercase letters indicate signi?cant difference of proportion of fine root biomass of Phyllostachys pubescens or broad-leaved trees at the same soil layer between pre- and in-competition periods (p < 0.05, analysis of variance).

图3 试验地竹阔竞争引起毛竹(A)与阔叶树(B)细根比根长变化(平均值±标准误差)。不同小写字母表示同一土层中毛竹或阔叶树在竞争前后细根比根长差异显著(p < 0.05, 方差分析)。

Fig. 3 Variation in specific root length (SRL) of Phyllostachys pubescens (A) and broad-leaved trees (B) when they competed in experimental area (mean ± SE). Different lowercase letters indicate signi?cant difference of SRL of P. pubescens or broad-leaved trees at the same soil layer between pre- and in-competition periods (p < 0.05, analysis of variance).

图4 试验地竹阔界面3种林分细根根长密度在不同土壤层次(0-20, 20-40, 40-60 cm)中的比较(平均值±标准误差)。不同字母表示同一土层中3种林分细根根长密度差异显著(p < 0.05, 最小显著差数法)。

Fig. 4 Comparison of root length density (RLD) in three soil layers (0-20, 20-40, 40-60 cm) of the three forest stands at bamboo-broad-leaved forest interface in the experimental area (mean ± SE). Different letters indicate signi?cant difference among fine root RLD in the same soil layer at different forest stands (p < 0.05, least significant difference, LSD). BMF, bamboo and broad-leaved mixed forest; EBF, evergreen broad-leaved forest; PPF, Phyllostachys pubescens forest.

图5 试验地竹阔混交林中毛竹、阔叶树细根根长密度比较(平均值±标准误差)。不同字母表示同一土层中毛竹与阔叶树细根根长密度差异显著(p < 0.05, 方差分析)。

Fig. 5 Comparison of root length density (RLD) of Phyll- ostachys pubescens and broad-leaved trees in bamboo and broad-leaved mixed forest in the experimental area (mean ± SE). Different letters indicate signi?cant difference of fine root RLD between P. pubescens and broad-leaved trees in the same soil layer (p < 0.05, analysis of variance). FBM, fine root of broad-leaved trees; FPM, fine root of P. pubescens.

图6 试验地毛竹和阔叶树细根年生长动态比较(平均值±标准误差)。

Fig. 6 Comparison of annual production dynamics of fine root between Phyllostachys pubescens and broad-leaved trees in experimental area (mean ± SE). FBM, fine root of broad- leaved trees; FPM, fine root of P. pubescens.

图7 试验地毛竹和阔叶树细根周转率比较(平均值±标准误差)。相同字母表示毛竹和阔叶树细根周转率差异不显著(p > 0.05, 方差分析)。

Fig. 7 Comparison of turnover rate of fine root between Phyllostachys pubescens and broad-leaved trees in experimental area (mean ± SE). Same letters indicate no signi?cant difference of turnover rate of fine root between P. pubescens and broad-leaved trees (p > 0.05, analysis of variance). EBF, evergreen broad-leaved forest; PPF, Phyllostachys pubescens forest.

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