1992-2015年鼎湖山季风常绿阔叶林群落结构动态

doi:10.17521/cjpe.2017.0171

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

季风常绿阔叶林是中国南亚热带地区的地带性植被, 其群落结构及其动态变化直接影响着该森林能为该地区提供的生态系统服务功能质量。该文利用1992-2015年共24年的长期定点监测数据, 从群落种类组成、生物量、径级、密度等数量特征方面研究了鼎湖山季风常绿阔叶林群落结构的动态变化。结果表明: 1)到2015年该森林群落林分个体密度增加了42.7%, 总生物量减少了5.1%; 24年间基于生物量的β多样性指数群落差异为37.4%, 基于个体数的差异则高达65.6%; 2)灌木和小乔木的个体数剧增, 生物量增大, 中乔木和大乔木的个体数变化虽不显著, 但生物量显著降低; 3)小径级(胸径<15 cm)个体数呈显著增加趋势, 其他径级个体数也有显著变化, 但各径级生物量变化基本不显著; 4)香楠(Aidia canthioides)、鼎湖血桐(Macaranga sampsonii)、柏拉木(Blastus cochinchinensis)等物种个体数急剧增加, 锥(Castanopsis chinensis)、木荷(Schima superba)、黄果厚壳桂(Cryptocarya concinna)等树种生物量大量减少, 白颜树(Gironniera subaequalis)、窄叶半枫荷(Pterospermum lanceifolium)等树种生物量增加, 这些物种是群落结构变化的主要贡献者。鼎湖山季风常绿阔叶林群落结构在1992-2015年发生了巨大变化, 与演替、虫害和气候变化等影响有关。

关键词: 林分密度, 生物量, 多样性, 长期, 季风常绿阔叶林

Abstract:

Aims The monsoon evergreen broad-leaved forest (MEBF) is the dominant vegetation type in the subtropics of Eurasian continent. It provides vital ecosystem services and supports the socioeconomic development of the societies. Recent literature indicated that the MEBF had been greatly affected by the changing climate and other disturbances such as outbreaks of insects and, consequently, shifted its species composition and structure. In this study, we aim at the long-term changes of plant species and community structure in the MEBF.

Methods Species names, diameters at breast height (DBH), and tree heights of all trees with DBH ≥ 1.0 cm were recorded in 1992, 1994, 1999, 2004, 2008, 2010 and 2015 in a 1-hm ² monitoring plot in the Dinghushan Biosphere Reserve. We quantified the long-term changes over this 24-year study period by species composition, biological diversity, aboveground biomass, DBH frequency table, and stand density by species.

Important findings Important findings From 1992 to 2015, the stand density increased by 42.7% while the total biomass decreased by 5.1%. The β diversity based on biomass and stand density indicated that the diversity increased by 37.4% and 65.6%, respectively, from 1992 to 2015. More importantly, the number of small arbor and shrubs, and smaller trees (DBH < 15 cm) also increased sharply, with major contributions from Aidia canthioides, Macaranga sampsonii and Blastus cochinchinensis. In contrast, the change in stand biomass was more from biomass decrease of Castanopsis chinensis, Schima superba and Cryptocarya concinna, but increase of Gironniera subaequalis and Pterospermum lanceifolium. We conclude that the changes on community composition and structure in the MEBF were significant, which was resulted from a combined influence of succession, changes in climate, and insect outbreaks.

Key words: stand density, biomass, diversity, long term, monsoon evergreen broad-leaved forest

邹顺, 周国逸, 张倩媚, 徐姗, 熊鑫, 夏艳菊, 刘世忠, 孟泽, 褚国伟. 1992-2015年鼎湖山季风常绿阔叶林群落结构动态. 植物生态学报, 2018, 42(4): 442-452. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2017.0171

Shun ZOU, Guo-Yi ZHOU, Qian-Mei ZHANG, Shan XU, Xin XIONG, Yan-Ju XIA, Shi-Zhong LIU, Ze MENG, Guo-Wei CHU. Long-term (1992-2015) dynamics of community composition and structure in a monsoon evergreen broad-leaved forest in Dinghushan Biosphere Reserve. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2018, 42(4): 442-452. DOI: 10.17521/cjpe.2017.0171

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链接本文: https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/10.17521/cjpe.2017.0171

https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/Y2018/V42/I4/442

图/表 8

表1 鼎湖山季风林样地群落主要物种(IV ≥ 1.0)

Table 1 Main species (IV ≥ 1.0) in the monsoon evergreen broad-leaved forest

序号 Order	物种 Species	生活型 Life form	物种代码 Species code	序号 Order	物种 Species	生活型 Life form	物种代码 Species code
1	锥 Castanopsis chinensis	I	Cch	16	笔罗子 Meliosma rigida	I	Mr
2	白颜树 Gironniera subaequalis	I	Gs	17	广东金叶子 Craibiodendron scleranthum	I	Cs
3	肖蒲桃 Syzygium acuminatissimum	I	Sa	18	香楠 Aidia canthioides	II	Ac
4	木荷 Schima superba	I	Ss	19	鼎湖血桐 Macaranga sampsonii	II	Ms
5	窄叶半枫荷 Pterospermum lanceifolium	I	Pl	20	柏拉木 Blastus cochinchinensis	II	Bc
6	厚壳桂 Cryptocarya chinensis	I	Crc	21	云南银柴 Aporosa yunnanensis	II	Ay
7	橄榄 Canarium album	I	Ca	22	褐叶柄果木 Mischocarpus pentapetalus	II	Mip
8	白楸 Mallotus paniculatus	I	Map	23	红枝蒲桃 Syzygium rehderianum	II	Sr
9	黄果厚壳桂 Cryptocarya concinna	I	Cco	24	光叶红豆 Ormosia glaberrima	II	Og
10	臀果木 Pygeum topengii	I	Pt	25	黄叶树 Xanthophyllum hainanense	II	Xh
11	肉实树 Sarcosperma laurinum	I	Sl	26	罗伞树 Ardisia quinquegona	II	Aq
12	观光木 Michelia odora	I	Mo	27	黄毛榕 Ficus esquiroliana	II	Fe
13	华润楠 Machilus chinensis	I	Mc	28	鼎湖钓樟 Lindera chunii	II	Lc
14	鹅掌柴 Schefflera heptaphylla	I	Sh	29	九节 Psychotria asiatica	II	Pa
15	黄杞 Engelhardia roxburghiana	I	Er

图1 1992-2015年鼎湖山季风林1 hm2样地整个群落(All)、大乔木和中乔木(Life form I)、小乔木和灌木(Life form II)个体数(A)和生物量(B)变化(线性拟合)。

Fig. 1 Changes in stand density (A) and biomass (B) of community (All), middle and big arbor (Life form I) and small arbor and shrub (Life form II) in the 1 hm2 monsoon evergreen broad-leaved forest sample plot between 1992 and 2015 (linear fitting).

表2 鼎湖山季风林群落(胸径≥ 1.0 cm)物种数以及分别基于多度和生物量的Shannon-Wiener指数变化

Table 2 Changes of species richness and Shannon-Wiener indices based on the individual and biomass from 1992 to 2015 in the 1 hm2 monsoon evergreen broad-leaved forest sample plot. All trees with diameters at breast height ≥ 1.0 cm were monitored during the study period

年 Year	物种数 Species richness	基于个体数 Individual based			基于生物量 Biomass based
年 Year	物种数 Species richness	群落 Population	生活型I Life form I	生活型II Life form II	群落 Population	生活型I Life form I	生活型II Life form II
1992	86	2.90	2.39	2.30	2.16	1.86	2.17
1994	86	2.90	2.40	2.29	2.19	1.88	2.20
1999	90	2.99	2.52	2.39	2.27	1.97	2.21
2004	94	3.07	2.63	2.53	2.16	1.82	2.29
2008	90	2.98	2.62	2.42	2.22	1.88	2.50
2010	90	2.91	2.64	2.34	2.30	1.93	2.49
2015	80	2.71	2.62	2.15	2.38	2.01	2.41
p	>0.05	>0.05	<0.05	>0.05	=0.05	>0.05	<0.05

图2 鼎湖山季风林1 hm2样地物种-个体数和物种-生物量格局变化。A, 物种-多度分布。B, 物种-多度累积。C, 物种-生物量分布。D, 物种-生物量累积。

Fig. 2 Changes in species-abundance and species-biomass relationships in the 1 hm2 monsoon evergreen broad-leaved forest sample plot. A, species-abundance distribution. B, accumulative species-abundance. C, species-biomass distribution. D, species-biomass accumulation.

图3 1992-2015年群落替换指数(RI)、总量差异指数(DI)和β多样性指数(BI)变化。A, 基于多度(Logistic拟合)。B, 基于生物量(线性拟合)。

Fig. 3 Changes in the replacement index (RI), difference index (DI) and β diversity index (BI) with year from 1992 to 2015. A, Abundance-based logistic fitting. B, Biomass-based linear fitting.

图4 1992-2015年鼎湖山季风林1 hm2样地内群落个体数(A)和生物量(B)的径级结构变化(线性拟合)。D, 胸径; ↑, 显著(p < 0.05)上升; ↓, 显著(p < 0.05)下降。

Fig. 4 Dynamics of size class(diameters at breast height) distributions of individuals (A) and biomass (B) from 1992 to 2015 (linear fitting) in the 1 hm2 monsoon evergreen broad-leaved forest sample plot. D, diameters at breast height; ↑, significant (p < 0.05) increase; ↓, significant (p < 0.05) decrease.

图5 1992和2015年鼎湖山季风林1 hm2样地内29个主要物种的多度(A)和生物量(B)变化。A图和B图中的虚线分别为1992年总个体数的1.0% (36.4个)和1992年总生物量的1.0% (2.93 t)。图中各物种代码与物种的对应关系见表1。

Fig. 5 The changes in the abundance (A) and biomass (B) of 29 common species in the monsoon evergreen broad-leaved forest (MEBF) sample plot during 1992-2015 in the 1 hm2 MEBF sample plot. Dashed lines in plot A and B represent 1.0% of the total individuals (36.4) and biomass (2.93 t) in 1992, respectively. The one-to-one relationship between codes and species is provided in Table 1.

图6 1992和2015年鼎湖山季风林1 hm2样地锥(A)和木荷(B)的种群。Total, 总个体数。

Fig. 6 Population sizes of Castanopsis chinensis (A) and Schima superba (B) between 1992 and 2015 in the 1 hm2 monsoon evergreen broad-leaved forest sample plot. Total, total number of individuals.

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