木荷树干夜间水分补充的季节动态及其与树形特征和叶片生物量的关系

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1258.2013.00024

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

利用热消散探针(TDP)法对位于中国科学院华南植物园的木荷(Schima superba)人工纯林的15株样树进行了树干液流监测, 并结合光合有效辐射(PAR)和土壤含水量的测定, 探讨了不同季节的夜间水分补充量与树形特征和叶片生物量的关系。结果表明: 1)夜间液流活动时间与PAR同步, 但其结束时间不受PAR影响; 春、夏季夜间液流明显比秋冬季活跃。2)春、夏、秋季的夜间水分补充量与样树的胸径、冠幅、边材面积、叶片生物量呈极显著线性关系, 与树高仅在春季呈显著线性关系。3)春、夏季的夜间水分补充量主要受样树冠幅影响, 成正相关; 秋季主要受胸径影响, 成正相关; 冬季仅受树高影响。该试验说明木荷夜间水分补充与树形特征、叶片生物量关系密切, 但起主要作用的树形特征和具体关系具有季节差别。

关键词: 叶片生物量, 夜间树干水分补充, 夜间液流, 木荷, 树形特征

Abstract:

Aims Our objectives are to study the effects of tree architecture and leaf biomass of Schima superba on seasonal variations of nocturnal stem water recharge and to elucidate the compensation mechanism for hydraulic limitation and response to the hydraulic limitation hypothesis proposed by Roan and Yoder.

Methods Night-time sap flow of 15 trees in a S. superba plantation was measured with Granier-type sensors installed in the sapwood at a height of 1.3 m for calculating night-time stem water recharge. Single and multiple linear regressions were performed in data analysis.

Important findings The ending time of nocturnal sap flow was not followed by photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) but was the active time, which was unrelated to diameter at breast height (DBH). Night-time stem water recharge (W) was strongly linearly related with DBH, canopy size, sapwood area and leaf biomass (r = 0.596 to 0.895), except in winter. The linear relationship between W and tree height was found only in spring. W was positively affected by canopy in spring and summer, but by DBH in autumn and by tree height in winter. The results show that tree architecture and leaf biomass had significant effects on W and the degree changed with seasons.

Key words: leaf biomass, night-time stem water recharge, nocturnal sap flow, Schima superba, tree characteristics

赵晓伟, 赵平, 朱丽薇, 倪广艳, 曾小平, 牛俊峰. 木荷树干夜间水分补充的季节动态及其与树形特征和叶片生物量的关系. 植物生态学报, 2013, 37(3): 239-247. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1258.2013.00024

ZHAO Xiao-Wei, ZHAO Ping, ZHU Li-Wei, NI Guang-Yan, ZENG Xiao-Ping, NIU Jun-Feng. Seasonal dynamics of night-time stem water recharge of Schima superba and its relation to tree architecture and leaf biomass. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2013, 37(3): 239-247. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1258.2013.00024

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链接本文: https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/10.3724/SP.J.1258.2013.00024

https://www.plant-ecology.com/CN/Y2013/V37/I3/239

图/表 6

图1 不同季节中最大最小径级木荷样树的液流密度变化(24-h)。PAR, 光合有效辐射。

Fig. 1 Variations of 24-h sap flow density of the sample tree of Schima superb with smallest and biggest diameter at breast height (DBH) in seasons. PAR, photosynthetically active radiation.

图2 夜间树干水分补充量与树形特征、叶片生物量的一元回归分析。

Fig. 2 Single regressions between night-time stem water recharge and tree architecture, leaf biomass. DBH, diameter at breast height.

表1 相关系数矩阵

Table 1 Correlation matrix

		Zscore (胸径 D)	Zscore (边材面积 S)	Zscore (叶片生物量 B)
相关性 Correlation	Zscore (胸径 D)	1.000	0.990	0.989
	Zscore (边材面积 S)	0.990	1.000	1.000
	Zscore (叶片生物量 B)	0.989	1.000	1.000

表2 总变异累积量解释

Table 2 Total variance explained

主成分 Component	初始特征值 Initial eigenvalues			提取后平方载荷 Extraction sums of squared loadings
	总数 Total	方差百分率 % of variance	累计方差百分率 Cumulative variance %	总数 Total	方差百分率 % of variance	累计方差百分率 Cumulative variance %
D	2.986	99.526	99.526	2.986	99.526	99.526
S	0.014	0.468	99.994
B	0.000	0.006	100.000

表3 夜间水分补充与树形特征的多元线性回归分析

Table 3 Multiple linear regressions between night-time water recharge and tree architecture

夜间水分补充 Night-time water recharge	考虑自变量 Assumption independent variable	最优模型 Optimum model	R²	p
4月 Apr.	胸径 D	y = 0.912C-1.42E-016	0.832	0.000
7月 Jul.	树高 H	y = 0.652C-1E-016	0.425	0.008
10月 Oct.	冠幅 C	y = 496.765 + 366.488D	0.645	0.000
1月 Jan.		-

图3 夜间树干水分补充量的季节极差与树形特征、叶片生物量关系的散点图。

Fig. 3 Scatter plot of range of seasonal night-time stem water recharge with tree architecture and leaf biomass. DBH, diameter at breast height.

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